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Tai J, Hsu C, Chen W, Yang S, Chiu C, Chien R, Chang M. Association of liver fibrosis with extrahepatic cancer in steatotic liver disease patients with PNPLA3 I148M GG genotype. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:564-574. [PMID: 38083881 PMCID: PMC10859614 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The impacts of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M-rs738409, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Ala222Val-rs1801133, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys-rs671 on the outcomes of Taiwanese patients with steatotic liver disease (SLD) have remained elusive. An 8-year prospective cohort study of patients with (n = 546) and without (n = 580) SLD (controls) was undertaken in a Taiwanese tertiary care center. The 546 SLD patients comprised 306 (56.0%) men and 240 (44.0%) women with mean ages of 53.3 and 56.4 years, respectively. Compared with the controls, SLD patients had an increased frequency of the PNPLA3 I148M-rs738409 GG genotype (25.5 vs. 5.9%, p = 0.001). Among the SLD patients, 236 (43.1%) suffered cardiovascular events, 52 (9.5%) showed extrahepatic cancers, 13 (2.38%) experienced hepatic events, including hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3, 0.5%) and liver cirrhosis (n = 8, 1.47%), and none died. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores were associated with extrahepatic cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 1.325; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.038-1.691) and cirrhosis development (HR 1.532; 95% CI, 1.055-2.224), and the PNPLA3 I148M-rs738409 G allele (β = 0.158, 95% CI, 0.054-0.325) was associated with the FIB-4 score. Stratified analyses showed that the impact of the FIB-4 score on extrahepatic cancer development was evident only in SLD patients with the PNPLA3 I148M-rs738409 GG genotype (HR 1.543; 95% CI, 1.195-1.993) and not in patients with the GC or CC genotype. Moreover, the ALDH2 Glu504Lys-rs671 G allele had a dose-dependent effect on alcoholism, and the MTHFR and ALDH2 genotypes were not significantly associated with SLD patient outcomes. In conclusion, special vigilance should be exercised for emerging extrahepatic cancer in SLD patients with the PNPLA3 I148M-rs738409 GG genotype and high FIB-4 scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tai
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Wei Hsu
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ting Chen
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaiwan
| | - Sien‐Sing Yang
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuanTaiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of PediatricsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Rong‐Nan Chien
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaiwan
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Sonneveld MJ, Brouwer WP, Hansen BE, Chan HL, Piratvisuth T, Jia J, Zeuzem S, Chien R, Choi H, de Knegt RJ, Wat C, Pavlovic V, Gaggar A, Xie Q, Buti M, de Man RA, Janssen HL. Very low probability of significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients with low ALT levels in the absence of liver fibrosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1399-1406. [PMID: 32886813 PMCID: PMC7540526 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend liver biopsy to rule out significant inflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with elevated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA but without other indications for treatment. AIM To study rates and determinants of clinically significant liver inflammation. METHODS We selected patients with HBV DNA > 2000 IU/mL from the SONIC-B database. The presence of significant inflammation (METAVIR ≥ A2 or HAI ≥ 9) was assessed by liver biopsy and correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (according to AASLD upper limits of normal [ULN]) and stratified by the presence of significant liver fibrosis (Ishak ≥ 3 or METAVIR ≥ F2). RESULTS The cohort included 2991 patients; 1672 were HBeAg-positive. ALT was < ULN in 270 (9%), 1-2 times ULN in 852 (29%) and > 2 times ULN in 1869 (63%). Significant fibrosis was found in 1419 (47%) and significant inflammatory activity in 630 (21%). Significant inflammatory activity was found in 34% of patients with liver fibrosis, compared to 9.5% of those without (P < 0.001). Among patients without fibrosis, significant inflammatory activity was detected in 3.6% of those with normal ALT, 5.0% of those with ALT 1-2 times ULN and in 13% of those with ALT > 2 times ULN (P < 0.001). ALT < 2 times ULN had a negative predictive value of 95% for ruling out significant inflammatory activity among patients without liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Among patients without significant fibrosis, an ALT level < 2 times ULN is associated with < 5% probability of significant inflammatory activity. If fibrosis can be ruled out using non-invasive methods, liver biopsy solely to assess inflammatory activity should be discouraged.
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Chien C, Yu C, Chen L, Lin C, Shyu Y, Chen S, Hu C, Chien R. The prevalence and etiology of elevated aminotransferase levels in northeastern Taiwan: A community‐based study. Adv in Digestive Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Hung Chien
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Ying Yu
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
| | - Li‐Wei Chen
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Lang Lin
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shuo‐Wei Chen
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Chih Hu
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Nan Chien
- Liver Research Unit Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
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Yu C, Chen Y, Hu C, Chien C, Yeh C, Lin C, Chien R. Higher hepatitis C virus‐viral loads and complex sexual partners in hepatitis C virus‐human immunodeficiency virus coinfected injection drug users: A case‐control study. Adv Dig Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Ying Yu
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato‐GastroenterologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Keelung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Chih Chen
- Department of PsychiatryChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Keelung Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Chih Hu
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato‐GastroenterologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Keelung Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hung Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato‐GastroenterologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Keelung Taiwan
| | - Chau‐Ting Yeh
- Liver Research UnitChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Lang Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato‐GastroenterologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Keelung Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Nan Chien
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato‐GastroenterologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Keelung Taiwan
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Kao J, Chien R, Chang T, Peng C, Hu T, Lo G, Wang H, Chen J, Yang JC, Knox SJ, Han L, Mo H, Mathias A, Brainard DM, Sheen I, Hsu Y, Chu C, Chuang W. A phase 3b study of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in Taiwanese patients with chronic genotype 2 hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 2016; 36:1101-7. [PMID: 26835876 PMCID: PMC5071670 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In Taiwan, patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are currently treated with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin, but interferon-based regimens can be poorly tolerated, especially by those with advanced liver disease and the elderly. Sofosbuvir, an oral nucleotide analogue inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase, is approved in Europe, the USA and Japan for treating chronic HCV infection. This phase 3b study examined the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in Taiwanese patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection ± compensated cirrhosis. METHODS In this multicentre, open-label, phase 3b (NCT02021643) study, 87 patients (n = 43, treatment-naive; n = 44, treatment-experienced) received 12 weeks of treatment with sofosbuvir plus weight-based ribavirin. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation (SVR12). Safety and pharmacokinetic data were also collected. RESULTS All 87 patients (100%; 95% confidence interval, 92-100%) achieved SVR12, including the 13 patients with compensated cirrhosis. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were insomnia (16%, 14/87) and upper respiratory tract infection (16%, 14/87). No grade 3 or grade 4 AE was reported. There was one serious AE (biliary colic), which was deemed unrelated to study treatment. Laboratory abnormalities other than ribavirin-related reductions in haemoglobin were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS The results from this phase 3b study demonstrate that 12 weeks of treatment with the interferon-free regimen sofosbuvir plus ribavirin is effective and well tolerated in both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced Taiwanese patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Horng Kao
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Rong‐Nan Chien
- Liver Research UnitChang Gung Memorial Hospital‐KeelungKeelungTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Yuan Peng
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Gin‐Ho Lo
- Department of MedicineE‐Da HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Horng‐Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineMackay Memorial HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jyh‐Jou Chen
- Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei HospitalLiouyingTainanTaiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - I‐Shyan Sheen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Medical CollegeChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chun Hsu
- Department of GastroenterologyChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Jen Chu
- Department of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,School of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wan‐Long Chuang
- Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Hu CM, Zhu J, Guo XE, Chen W, Qiu XL, Ngo B, Chien R, Wang YV, Tsai CY, Wu G, Kim Y, Lopez R, Chamberlin AR, Lee EYHP, Lee WH. Novel small molecules disrupting Hec1/Nek2 interaction ablate tumor progression by triggering Nek2 degradation through a death-trap mechanism. Oncogene 2014; 34:1220-30. [PMID: 24662830 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hec1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) or Nek2 (NIMA-related kinase 2) is often overexpressed in cancers with poor prognosis. Both are critical mitotic regulators, and phosphorylation of Hec1 S165 by Nek2 is required for proper chromosome segregation. Therefore, inactivation of Hec1 and Nek2 by targeting their interaction with small molecules represents an ideal strategy for tackling these types of cancers. Here we showed that new derivatives of INH (inhibitor for Nek2 and Hec1 binding) bind to Hec1 at amino acids 394-408 on W395, L399 and K400 residues, effectively blocking Hec1 phosphorylation on S165 by Nek2, and killing cancer cells at the nanomolar range. Mechanistically, the D-box (destruction-box) region of Nek2 specifically binds to Hec1 at amino acids 408-422, immediately adjacent to the INH binding motif. Subsequent binding of Nek2 to INH-bound Hec1 triggered proteasome-mediated Nek2 degradation, whereas the Hec1 binding defective Nek2 mutant, Nek2 R361L, resisted INH-induced Nek2 degradation. This finding unveils a novel drug-action mechanism where the binding of INHs to Hec1 forms a virtual death-trap to trigger Nek2 degradation and eventually cell death. Furthermore, analysis of the gene expression profiles of breast cancer patient samples revealed that co-elevated expressions of Hec1 and Nek2 correlated with the shortest survival. Treatment of mice with this kind of tumor with INHs significantly suppressed tumor growth without obvious toxicity. Taken together, the new INH derivatives are suitable for translation into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Hu
- 1] Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA [2] Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - X E Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - X-L Qiu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - B Ngo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Chien
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Y V Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Y Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - G Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A R Chamberlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - E Y-H P Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - W-H Lee
- 1] Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA [2] Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [3] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yamauchi H, Nakagawa C, Yamashige S, Takei H, Yagata H, Yoshida A, Chien R, Hornberger J, Nakamura S. 5161 POSTER Decision Impact and Economic Evaluation of the 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) Assay for Physicians and Patients in Japan. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hornberger JC, Friedmann M, Han L, Chien R, Hornberger RJ, Satram-Hoang S, Reyes C. Economic impact of rituximab as maintenance therapy in previously untreated follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e18544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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de Lima Lopes G, Chien R, Hornberger J. P215A Cost–benefit analysis of a 21-gene recurrence score for early stage breast cancer in Singapore. Breast 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(11)70156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Meropol NJ, Lyman GH, Chien R, Hornberger JC. Use of a multigene prognostic assay for selection of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colon cancer: Impact on quality-adjusted life expectancy and costs. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
491 Background: Uncertainty exists regarding the use of adjuvant therapy in patients with stage II colon cancer. To assist decision making, we compared quality-adjusted life expectancy and costs associated with using a multigene recurrence score (RS) assay with the use of clinicopathological factors currently recommended in clinical guidelines. Methods: A state-transition (Markov) model was developed to assess outcomes associated with the use of the RS (Oncotype Dx gene expression assay) in adjuvant therapy decisions in stage II colon cancer (excluding T4 tumors and those with deficient DNA mismatch repair). RS test characteristics were based on results reported from a randomized controlled trial (QUASAR, Kerr et al. ASCO, 2009). Current rates of administering adjuvant chemotherapy (aCTX) as a function of age, lymphatic invasion, tumor stage, and number of lymph nodes examined was derived from the NCCN Colon/Rectum Cancer Outcomes study (Earle et al, J Surg Oncol, 2009). Effects of aCTX on recurrence risk were based on published data. Medicare fee schedules were used to estimate cost; toxicities, recurrence, and quality-of-life adjustments were obtained from published studies. Results: Treatment decisions based on RS and a patient's years of life remaining without cancer recurrence would reduce aCTX use by 17% compared with current treatment patterns, and increase quality-adjusted life expectancy by an average of 0.035 years. With lower use of aCTX, direct medical costs are expected to decrease by an average of $2,971 per patient. One-way sensitivity analysis predicts overall QALY improvement with the RS through a range of variables, with the results most sensitive to the disutility associated with aCTX use. Sensitivity analyses also show the assay to be cost-saving under a variety of conditions. Conclusions: Clinical use of a multigene RS to assess risk of recurrence in T3 stage II colon cancers with intact mismatch repair is likely to improve quality-adjusted life expectancy and be cost-saving from a societal perspective. Patient age and disutility associated with chemotherapy are important considerations in adjuvant treatment decisions. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Meropol
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Duke University, Durham, NC; Cedar Associates LLC, Menlo Park, CA
| | - G. H. Lyman
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Duke University, Durham, NC; Cedar Associates LLC, Menlo Park, CA
| | - R. Chien
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Duke University, Durham, NC; Cedar Associates LLC, Menlo Park, CA
| | - J. C. Hornberger
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Duke University, Durham, NC; Cedar Associates LLC, Menlo Park, CA
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Hochheiser LI, Krebs K, Chien R, Hornberger JC. Clinical utility of a 21-gene breast cancer assay: Experience of women enrolled in a large U.S. insurance program. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Chan Y, Chien R. Identification and analyses of periodontal pathogens in Taiwan by microbiological tests. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 27:59-69. [PMID: 9747334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use microbiological tests for diagnosis of periodontal diseases in Taiwan. Anaerobic culture, direct microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence (IF), and biochemical tests were used to examine 336 samples for the specific microorganisms in subgingival plaque. The results indicated that gram-negative species and motile bacteria were less frequently detected, and in lower proportion, in samples from healthy sites. The bacteria found frequently in healthy group were the coccal forms. However, Bacteroides forsythus detected by IF showed a close association with periodontal inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found with about 53% frequency in the periodontitis group; in more than half the samples the proportion was above 5%. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was recovered with 48% frequency of periodontitis group. Other cultivable species including Campylobacter rectus, Capnocytophaga species, Centipeda periodontii, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Selenomonas species, and the Spirochetes were detected in a significantly higher proportion in periodontitis group. The results strongly support the use of microbiological tests as adjuncts to diagnosis, and for assessment of the importance of microbiota in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
We have cloned DNA methyltransferases (MTases) from various strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Each of these clones represents a single specificity, indicating that the multiple gonococcal MTase specificities are encoded by monospecific MTases. The DNAs of five strains (FA5100, F62, MS11, Pgh3-2, and WR302) were digested with NheI, SpeI, or NheI plus SpeI and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The DNA MTase clones were used to probe Southern blots of these pulsed-field gels to determine whether the MTase genes are linked and whether there are strain-to-strain differences. The results indicate that none of these genes are closely linked, but variable hybridization patterns indicate that there exist restriction fragment length polymorphisms between the strains tested. Most of the chromosomal regions containing these restriction fragment length polymorphisms are clustered in regions containing gonococcal genes known or suspected to antigenically vary via genetic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gunn
- Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
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Abstract
We have cloned from Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11 the gene encoding a methylase that modifies the sequence GCCGGC. The corresponding restriction enzyme was also encoded by this clone. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the methylase shares sequence similarities with other cytosine methylases, but the sequence organization of M.NgoMI is different from that seen for other cytosine methylases. A deletion was introduced into the chromosome of N. gonorrhoeae MS11 to produce strain MUG701, a strain that is inactivated in both the methylase and the restriction genes. Although this strain no longer methylated its DNA at the NgoMI recognition sequence, cells were viable and had no other significant phenotypic changes. Transformation data indicated that MS11 does not produce enough restriction activity to block plasmid transformation in the gonococcus, even though restriction activity could be demonstrated in E. coli containing the cloned gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Stein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
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Abstract
To study the signaling mechanisms which mediate ventricular hypertrophy, we utilized the induction of the ANF gene as a marker of the hypertrophic response. The induction of the atrial natriuretic factor gene (ANF) is one of the most conserved features of ventricular hypertrophy, occurring in multiple species (mouse, rat, hamster, canine, and human) in response to diverse stimuli (hormonal, mechanical, pressure/volume overload, genetic, IHSS, hypertension, etc.). The ANF gene is expressed in both the atrial and ventricular compartments during embryonic development, but shortly after birth ANF expression is down-regulated to negligible levels in the adult myocardium. Since the reactivation of ANF gene expression in the hypertrophied ventricle is a hallmark of the activation of an embryonic gene program, it has also become of interest to determine if similar mechanisms activate ANF expression during hypertrophy and the initial stages of cardiogenesis. A combination of cotransfection, microinjection, and transgenic approaches has been coupled to well characterized cultured cell systems and in vivo murine models employing normal and transgenic mice. The microinjection of oncogenic RAS proteins into living myocardial cells does not lead to the activation of cell proliferation, but activates ANF gene expression, as assessed by immunofluorescence. Co-transfection of mutant and wild-type RAS expression vectors with a ANF-luciferase fusion gene supports a direct effect of activated RAS on ANF gene transcription. Co-transfection of a dominant negative RAS vector effectively inhibits the induction of the ANF gene during alpha adrenergic mediated hypertrophy of ventricular muscle cells, thereby establishing that a RAS-mediated pathway is required for ANF induction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
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