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Parkkari T, Haavikko R, Laitinen T, Navia-Paldanius D, Rytilahti R, Vaara M, Lehtonen M, Alakurtti S, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Nevalainen T, Savinainen JR, Laitinen JT. Discovery of triterpenoids as reversible inhibitors of α/β-hydrolase domain containing 12 (ABHD12). PLoS One 2014; 9:e98286. [PMID: 24879289 PMCID: PMC4045134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background α/β-hydrolase domain containing (ABHD)12 is a recently discovered serine hydrolase that acts in vivo as a lysophospholipase for lysophosphatidylserine. Dysfunctional ABHD12 has been linked to the rare neurodegenerative disorder called PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinosis pigmentosa, cataract). In vitro, ABHD12 has been implicated in the metabolism of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Further studies on ABHD12 function are hampered as no selective inhibitor have been identified to date. In contrast to the situation with the other endocannabinoid hydrolases, ABHD12 has remained a challenging target for inhibitor development as no crystal structures are available to facilitate drug design. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we report the unexpected discovery that certain triterpene-based structures inhibit human ABHD12 hydrolase activity in a reversible manner, the best compounds showing submicromolar potency. Based on structure activity relationship (SAR) data collected for 68 natural and synthetic triterpenoid structures, a pharmacophore model has been constructed. A pentacyclic triterpene backbone with carboxyl group at position 17, small hydrophobic substituent at the position 4, hydrogen bond donor or acceptor at position 3 accompanied with four axial methyl substituents was found crucial for ABHD12 inhibitor activity. Although the triterpenoids typically may have multiple protein targets, we witnessed unprecedented selectivity for ABHD12 among the metabolic serine hydrolases, as activity-based protein profiling of mouse brain membrane proteome indicated that the representative ABHD12 inhibitors did not inhibit other serine hydrolases, nor did they target cannabinoid receptors. Conclusions/Significance We have identified reversibly-acting triterpene-based inhibitors that show remarkable selectivity for ABHD12 over other metabolic serine hydrolases. Based on SAR data, we have constructed the first pharmacophore model of ABHD12 inhibitors. This model should pave the way for further discovery of novel lead structures for ABHD12 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teija Parkkari
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Haavikko
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dina Navia-Paldanius
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roosa Rytilahti
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Vaara
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Alakurtti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Nevalainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha R. Savinainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo T. Laitinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Laitinen T, Navia-Paldanius D, Rytilahti R, Marjamaa JJT, Kařízková J, Parkkari T, Pantsar T, Poso A, Laitinen JT, Savinainen JR. Mutation of Cys242 of Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase Disrupts Balanced Hydrolysis of 1- and 2-Monoacylglycerols and Selectively Impairs Inhibitor Potency. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:510-9. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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