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Rigi N, Zare R, Kor K. Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in the intertidal sediments along the Oman Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115360. [PMID: 37544063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been found in marine systems more frequently. We aim to analyze the MPs abundances, distribution, and characteristics in the intertidal sediments along the Oman Sea. Samples were collected from 7 locations with three replicates. Density separation was used to extract MPs, which were then visually counted and categorized based on their size, shape, and color. MPs abundance ranged between 219.6 ± 38.3 particles.kg-1dw and 617.3 ± 99.9 particles.kg-1dw with a mean abundance of 315.4 ± 24.4 particles.kg-1 dw. Fragments and fibers were the dominant shapes. Red and blue colors were observed in 61.6 % of the collected MPs. In addition, 100-500 μm size range of MPs were more abundant. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed polypropylene was the major polymer constituent. The present study revealed the widespread occurrence of MPs as anthropogenic pollutants throughout the Oman Sea and highlighted the urgent need for regulations and policies to reduce the entry of this material into marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rigi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Zare
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Kamalodin Kor
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Crous PW, Sandoval-Denis M, Costa MM, Groenewald JZ, van Iperen AL, Starink-Willemse M, Hernández-Restrepo M, Kandemir H, Ulaszewski B, de Boer W, Abdel-Azeem AM, Abdollahzadeh J, Akulov A, Bakhshi M, Bezerra JDP, Bhunjun CS, Câmara MPS, Chaverri P, Vieira WAS, Decock CA, Gaya E, Gené J, Guarro J, Gramaje D, Grube M, Gupta VK, Guarnaccia V, Hill R, Hirooka Y, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Jurjević Ž, Korsten L, Lamprecht SC, Lombard L, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Polizzi G, Rajeshkumar KC, Salgado-Salazar C, Shang QJ, Shivas RG, Summerbell RC, Sun GY, Swart WJ, Tan YP, Vizzini A, Xia JW, Zare R, González CD, Iturriaga T, Savary O, Coton M, Coton E, Jany JL, Liu C, Zeng ZQ, Zhuang WY, Yu ZH, Thines M. Fusarium and allied fusarioid taxa (FUSA). 1. Fungal Syst Evol 2022; 9:161-200. [PMID: 35978986 PMCID: PMC9355104 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven Fusarium species complexes are treated, namely F. aywerte species complex (FASC) (two species), F. buharicum species complex (FBSC) (five species), F. burgessii species complex (FBURSC) (three species), F. camptoceras species complex (FCAMSC) (three species), F. chlamydosporum species complex (FCSC) (eight species), F. citricola species complex (FCCSC) (five species) and the F. concolor species complex (FCOSC) (four species). New species include Fusicolla elongata from soil (Zimbabwe), and Neocosmospora geoasparagicola from soil associated with Asparagus officinalis (Netherlands). New combinations include Neocosmospora akasia, N. awan, N. drepaniformis, N. duplosperma, N. geoasparagicola, N. mekan, N. papillata, N. variasi and N. warna. Newly validated taxa include Longinectria gen. nov., L. lagenoides, L. verticilliforme, Fusicolla gigas and Fusicolla guangxiensis. Furthermore, Fusarium rosicola is reduced to synonymy under N. brevis. Finally, the genome assemblies of Fusarium secorum (CBS 175.32), Microcera coccophila (CBS 310.34), Rectifusarium robinianum (CBS 430.91), Rugonectria rugulosa (CBS 126565), and Thelonectria blattea (CBS 952.68) are also announced here. Citation: Crous PW, Sandoval-Denis M, Costa MM, Groenewald JZ, van Iperen AL, Starink-Willemse M, Hernández-Restrepo M, Kandemir H, Ulaszewski B, de Boer W, Abdel-Azeem AM, Abdollahzadeh J, Akulov A, Bakhshi M, Bezerra JDP, Bhunjun CS, Câmara MPS, Chaverri P, Vieira WAS, Decock CA, Gaya E, Gené J, Guarro J, Gramaje D, Grube M, Gupta VK, Guarnaccia V, Hill R, Hirooka Y, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Jurjević Ž, Korsten L, Lamprecht SC, Lombard L, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Polizzi G, Rajeshkumar KC, Salgado-Salazar C, Shang Q-J, Shivas RG, Summerbell RC, Sun GY, Swart WJ, Tan YP, Vizzini A, Xia JW, Zare R, González CD, Iturriaga T, Savary O, Coton M, Coton E, Jany J-L, Liu C, Zeng Z-Q, Zhuang W-Y, Yu Z-H, Thines M (2022). Fusarium and allied fusarioid taxa (FUSA). 1. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 9: 161-200. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M M Costa
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Kandemir
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Ulaszewski
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - W de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A M Abdel-Azeem
- Systematic Mycology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - J Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - A Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M Bakhshi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - J D P Bezerra
- Setor de Micologia / Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário - CEP: 74605-050, Universidade Federal de Goiás / Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil / Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C S Bhunjun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - M P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - P Chaverri
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - W A S Vieira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - C A Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute - ELIM - Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E Gaya
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - J Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - D Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - M Grube
- Institut für Biologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - V K Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.,Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - V Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - R Hill
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Y Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - K D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - R S Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - R Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Ž Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
| | - L Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - S C Lamprecht
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - L Lombard
- Dutch General Inspection Service for agricultural seeds and seed potatoes (NAK), Randweg 14, 8304 AS, Emmeloord, The Netherlands
| | - S S N Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - G Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Patologia vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - K C Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411 004, India
| | - C Salgado-Salazar
- USDA-ARS Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, Bldg. 010A, Rm. 212, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave. Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Q-J Shang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - R G Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - R C Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Y Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - W J Swart
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Y P Tan
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - A Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J W Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - R Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - C D González
- Lab. Salud de Bosques, Fac. de Ciencias Forestales y RRNN, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - T Iturriaga
- Curator, Cornell University Plant Pathology Herbarium, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - O Savary
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - M Coton
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - E Coton
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J-L Jany
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Z-Q Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - W-Y Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Z-H Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - M Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Alizadeh A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Nourmohammadi Nazarian R, Liu F, Zare R, Fotouhifar KB, Stukenbrock EH, Damm U. New species of Colletotrichum from wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants in Iran. Mycologia 2022; 114:89-113. [PMID: 35138985 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.2008765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots on leaves of various wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants collected in three provinces of Iran and tentatively identified as belonging to the Graminicola species complex based on morphology. All strains were studied via a polyphasic approach combining colony characteristics, morphology and phylogeny inferred from multi-locus sequences, including the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), partial sequences of the β-tubulin (tub2), actin (act), manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2), DNA lyase 2 (apn2) genes, a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and the intergenic spacer between the apn2 gene and the mat1 idiomorph (apn2/mat1). Six species were distinguished, including three new species, namely C. caspicum, C. persicum, and C. sacchari, and three previously described species, C. cereale, C. nicholsonii and C. sublineola. Comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species. Furthermore, this study provided new insights into the distribution and host range of known species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 5375171379, Iran
| | - M Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | | | - F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - R Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - K B Fotouhifar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | - E H Stukenbrock
- Environmental Genomics, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - U Damm
- Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
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4
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Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders K, Cheewangkoon R, Chen S, Fan X, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Horta Jung M, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenković I, Mostert L, Nakashima N, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies C, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian C, Tomšovský M, Úrbez-Torres J, Wang W, Wingfield B, Wingfield M, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald J, Cai L, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4. Stud Mycol 2022; 101:417-564. [PMID: 36059898 PMCID: PMC9365048 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta, Cadophora, Celoporthe, Cercospora, Coleophoma, Cytospora, Dendrostoma, Didymella, Endothia, Heterophaeomoniella, Leptosphaerulina, Melampsora, Nigrospora, Pezicula, Phaeomoniella, Pseudocercospora, Pteridopassalora, Zymoseptoria, and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora. This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names. Taxonomic novelties: New genera:Heterophaeomoniella L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pteridopassalora C. Nakash. & Crous; New species:Ascochyta flava Qian Chen & L. Cai, Cadophora domestica L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora rotunda L. Mostert, R. van der Merwe, Halleen & Gramaje, Cadophora vinacea J.R. Úrbez-Torres, D.T. O’Gorman & Gramaje, Cadophora vivarii L. Mostert, Havenga, Halleen & Gramaje, Celoporthe foliorum H. Suzuki, Marinc. & M.J. Wingf., Cercospora alyssopsidis M. Bakhshi, Zare & Crous, Dendrostoma elaeocarpi C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, Didymella chlamydospora Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella gei Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella ligulariae Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella qilianensis Qian Chen & L. Cai, Didymella uniseptata Qian Chen & L. Cai, Endothia cerciana W. Wang. & S.F. Chen, Leptosphaerulina miscanthi Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora covidalis M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora globospora M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Nigrospora philosophiae-doctoris M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai, Phytophthora transitoria I. Milenković, T. Májek & T. Jung, Phytophthora panamensis T. Jung, Y. Balci, K. Broders & I. Milenković, Phytophthora variabilis T. Jung, M. Horta Jung & I. Milenković, Pseudocercospora delonicicola C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora farfugii C. Nakash., I. Araki, & Ai Ito, Pseudocercospora hardenbergiae Crous & C. Nakash., Pseudocercospora kenyirana C. Nakash., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora perrottetiae Crous, C. Nakash. & C.Y. Chen, Pseudocercospora platyceriicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt, L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora stemonicola C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora terengganuensis C. Nakash., Y. Hatt., L. Suhaizan & I. Nurul Faziha, Pseudocercospora xenopunicae Crous & C. Nakash.; New combinations:Heterophaeomoniella pinifoliorum (Hyang B. Lee et al.) L. Mostert, C.F.J. Spies, Halleen & Gramaje, Pseudocercospora pruni-grayanae (Sawada) C. Nakash. & Motohashi., Pseudocercospora togashiana (K. Ito & Tak. Kobay.) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pteridopassalora nephrolepidicola (Crous & R.G. Shivas) C. Nakash. & Crous, Pteridopassalora lygodii (Goh & W.H. Hsieh) C. Nakash. & Crous; Typification: Epitypification:Botrytis infestans Mont., Cercospora abeliae Katsuki, Cercospora ceratoniae Pat. & Trab., Cercospora cladrastidis Jacz., Cercospora cryptomeriicola Sawada, Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora ebulicola W. Yamam., Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora ixorana J.M. Yen & Lim, Cercospora liquidambaricola J.M. Yen, Cercospora pancratii Ellis & Everh., Cercospora pini-densiflorae Hori & Nambu, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora pyracanthae Katsuki, Cercospora horiana Togashi & Katsuki, Cercospora tabernaemontanae Syd. & P. Syd., Cercospora trinidadensis F. Stevens & Solheim, Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto, Melampsora salicis-cupularis Wang, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora angiopteridis Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora basitruncata Crous, Pseudocercospora boehmeriigena U. Braun, Pseudocercospora coprosmae U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora cratevicola C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora cymbidiicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Pseudocercospora dodonaeae Boesew., Pseudocercospora euphorbiacearum U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lygodii Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Pseudocercospora metrosideri U. Braun, Pseudocercospora paraexosporioides C. Nakash. & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous, Septogloeum punctatum Wakef.; Neotypification:Cercospora aleuritis I. Miyake; Lectotypification: Cercospora dalbergiae S.H. Sun, Cercospora formosana W. Yamam., Cercospora fukuii W. Yamam., Cercospora glochidionis Sawada, Cercospora profusa Syd. & P. Syd., Melampsora laricis-urbanianae Tak. Matsumoto, Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae Sawada, Pseudocercospora symploci Katsuki & Tak. Kobay. ex U. Braun & Crous. Citation: Chen Q, Bakhshi M, Balci Y, Broders KD, Cheewangkoon R, Chen SF, Fan XL, Gramaje D, Halleen F, Horta Jung M, Jiang N, Jung T, Májek T, Marincowitz S, Milenković T, Mostert L, Nakashima C, Nurul Faziha I, Pan M, Raza M, Scanu B, Spies CFJ, Suhaizan L, Suzuki H, Tian CM, Tomšovský M, Úrbez-Torres JR, Wang W, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Yang Q, Yang X, Zare R, Zhao P, Groenewald JZ, Cai L, Crous PW (2022). Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4. Studies in Mycology101: 417–564. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - M. Bakhshi
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Y. Balci
- USDA-APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine, 4700 River Road, Riverdale, Maryland, 20737 USA
| | - K.D. Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - R. Cheewangkoon
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200
| | - S.F. Chen
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang 524022, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X.L. Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | - F. Halleen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenboscvh, 7599, South Africa
| | - M. Horta Jung
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - N. Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - T. Jung
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T. Májek
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - I. Milenković
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L. Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - N. Nakashima
- Graduate school of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurima-machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - I. Nurul Faziha
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - M. Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - M. Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - B. Scanu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - C.F.J. Spies
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - L. Suhaizan
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - H. Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - C.M. Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - M. Tomšovský
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J.R. Úrbez-Torres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - W. Wang
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang 524022, Guangdong Province, China
| | - B.D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Q. Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - X. Yang
- USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Avenue, Fort Detrick, Maryland, 21702 USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, ARS Research Participation Program, P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831 USA
| | - R. Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - P. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Crous P, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Seifert K, Schroers HJ, Chaverri P, Gené J, Guarro J, Hirooka Y, Bensch K, Kema G, Lamprecht S, Cai L, Rossman A, Stadler M, Summerbell R, Taylor J, Ploch S, Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Frisvad J, Abdel-Azeem A, Abdollahzadeh J, Abdolrasouli A, Akulov A, Alberts J, Araújo J, Ariyawansa H, Bakhshi M, Bendiksby M, Ben Hadj Amor A, Bezerra J, Boekhout T, Câmara M, Carbia M, Cardinali G, Castañeda-Ruiz R, Celis A, Chaturvedi V, Collemare J, Croll D, Damm U, Decock C, de Vries R, Ezekiel C, Fan X, Fernández N, Gaya E, González C, Gramaje D, Groenewald J, Grube M, Guevara-Suarez M, Gupta V, Guarnaccia V, Haddaji A, Hagen F, Haelewaters D, Hansen K, Hashimoto A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Houbraken J, Hubka V, Hyde K, Iturriaga T, Jeewon R, Johnston P, Jurjević Ž, Karalti İ, Korsten L, Kuramae E, Kušan I, Labuda R, Lawrence D, Lee H, Lechat C, Li H, Litovka Y, Maharachchikumbura S, Marin-Felix Y, Matio Kemkuignou B, Matočec N, McTaggart A, Mlčoch P, Mugnai L, Nakashima C, Nilsson R, Noumeur S, Pavlov I, Peralta M, Phillips A, Pitt J, Polizzi G, Quaedvlieg W, Rajeshkumar K, Restrepo S, Rhaiem A, Robert J, Robert V, Rodrigues A, Salgado-Salazar C, Samson R, Santos A, Shivas R, Souza-Motta C, Sun G, Swart W, Szoke S, Tan Y, Taylor J, Taylor P, Tiago P, Váczy K, van de Wiele N, van der Merwe N, Verkley G, Vieira W, Vizzini A, Weir B, Wijayawardene N, Xia J, Yáñez-Morales M, Yurkov A, Zamora J, Zare R, Zhang C, Thines M. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Stud Mycol 2021; 98:100116. [PMID: 34466168 PMCID: PMC8379525 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).
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Key Words
- Apiognomonia platani (Lév.) L. Lombard
- Atractium ciliatum Link
- Atractium pallidum Bonord.
- Calloria tremelloides (Grev.) L. Lombard
- Cephalosporium sacchari E.J. Butler
- Cosmosporella cavisperma (Corda) Sand.-Den., L. Lombard & Crous
- Cylindrodendrum orthosporum (Sacc. & P. Syd.) L. Lombard
- Dialonectria volutella (Ellis & Everh.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Fusarium aeruginosum Delacr.
- Fusarium agaricorum Sarrazin
- Fusarium albidoviolaceum Dasz.
- Fusarium aleyrodis Petch
- Fusarium amentorum Lacroix
- Fusarium annuum Leonian
- Fusarium arcuatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
- Fusarium aridum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium armeniacum (G.A. Forbes et al.) L.W. Burgess & Summerell
- Fusarium arthrosporioides Sherb.
- Fusarium asparagi Delacr.
- Fusarium batatas Wollenw.
- Fusarium biforme Sherb.
- Fusarium buharicum Jacz. ex Babajan & Teterevn.-Babajan
- Fusarium cactacearum Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav.
- Fusarium cacti-maxonii Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav.
- Fusarium caudatum Wollenw.
- Fusarium cavispermum Corda
- Fusarium cepae Hanzawa
- Fusarium cesatii Rabenh.
- Fusarium citriforme Jamal.
- Fusarium citrinum Wollenw.
- Fusarium citrulli Taubenh.
- Fusarium clavatum Sherb.
- Fusarium coccinellum Kalchbr.
- Fusarium cromyophthoron Sideris
- Fusarium cucurbitae Taubenh.
- Fusarium cuneiforme Sherb.
- Fusarium delacroixii Sacc.
- Fusarium dimerum var. nectrioides Wollenw.
- Fusarium echinatum Sand.-Den. & G.J. Marais
- Fusarium epicoccum McAlpine
- Fusarium eucheliae Sartory, R. Sartory & J. Mey.
- Fusarium fissum Peyl
- Fusarium flocciferum Corda
- Fusarium gemmiperda Aderh.
- Fusarium genevense Dasz.
- Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
- Fusarium graminum Corda
- Fusarium heterosporioides Fautrey
- Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees
- Fusarium idahoanum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium juruanum Henn.
- Fusarium lanceolatum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium lateritium Nees
- Fusarium loncheceras Sideris
- Fusarium longipes Wollenw. & Reinking
- Fusarium lyarnte J.L. Walsh, Sangal., L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & Summerell
- Fusarium malvacearum Taubenh.
- Fusarium martii f. phaseoli Burkh.
- Fusarium muentzii Delacr.
- Fusarium nigrum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium oxysporum var. asclerotium Sherb.
- Fusarium palczewskii Jacz.
- Fusarium palustre W.H. Elmer & Marra
- Fusarium polymorphum Matr.
- Fusarium poolense Taubenh.
- Fusarium prieskaense G.J. Marais & Sand.-Den.
- Fusarium prunorum McAlpine
- Fusarium pusillum Wollenw.
- Fusarium putrefaciens Osterw.
- Fusarium redolens Wollenw.
- Fusarium reticulatum Mont.
- Fusarium rhizochromatistes Sideris
- Fusarium rhizophilum Corda
- Fusarium rhodellum McAlpine
- Fusarium roesleri Thüm.
- Fusarium rostratum Appel & Wollenw.
- Fusarium rubiginosum Appel & Wollenw.
- Fusarium rubrum Parav.
- Fusarium samoense Gehrm.
- Fusarium scirpi Lambotte & Fautrey
- Fusarium secalis Jacz.
- Fusarium spinaciae Hungerf.
- Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb.
- Fusarium stercoris Fuckel
- Fusarium stilboides Wollenw.
- Fusarium stillatum De Not. ex Sacc.
- Fusarium sublunatum Reinking
- Fusarium succisae Schröt. ex Sacc.
- Fusarium tabacivorum Delacr.
- Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw.
- Fusarium tritici Liebman
- Fusarium tuberivorum Wilcox & G.K. Link
- Fusarium tumidum var. humi Reinking
- Fusarium ustilaginis Kellerm. & Swingle
- Fusarium viticola Thüm.
- Fusarium werrikimbe J.L. Walsh, L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & B.A. Summerell
- Fusarium willkommii Lindau
- Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert
- Fusarium zygopetali Delacr.
- Fusicolla meniscoidea L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Fusicolla quarantenae J.D.P. Bezerra, Sand.-Den., Crous & Souza-Motta
- Fusicolla sporellula Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Fusisporium andropogonis Cooke ex Thüm.
- Fusisporium anthophilum A. Braun
- Fusisporium arundinis Corda
- Fusisporium avenaceum Fr.
- Fusisporium clypeaster Corda
- Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium didymum Harting
- Fusisporium elasticae Thüm.
- Fusisporium episphaericum Cooke & Ellis
- Fusisporium flavidum Bonord.
- Fusisporium hordei Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium incarnatum Roberge ex Desm.
- Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium pandani Corda
- Gibberella phyllostachydicola W. Yamam.
- Hymenella aurea (Corda) L. Lombard
- Hymenella spermogoniopsis (Jul. Müll.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Luteonectria Sand.-Den., L. Lombard, Schroers & Rossman
- Luteonectria albida (Rossman) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Luteonectria nematophila (Nirenberg & Hagedorn) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Macroconia bulbipes Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Macroconia phlogioides Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Menispora penicillata Harz
- Multi-gene phylogeny
- Mycotoxins
- Nectriaceae
- Neocosmospora
- Neocosmospora epipeda Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora floridana (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora merkxiana Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora neerlandica Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora nelsonii Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora obliquiseptata (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora pseudopisi Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Neocosmospora rekana (Lynn & Marinc.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora tuaranensis (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Nothofusarium Crous, Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Nothofusarium devonianum L. Lombard, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Novel taxa
- Pathogen
- Scolecofusarium L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Scolecofusarium ciliatum (Link) L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Selenosporium equiseti Corda
- Selenosporium hippocastani Corda
- Selenosporium sarcochroum Desm
- Selenosporium urticearum Corda.
- Setofusarium (Nirenberg & Samuels) Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Setofusarium setosum (Samuels & Nirenberg) Sand.-Den. & Crous.
- Sphaeria sanguinea var. cicatricum Berk.
- Sporotrichum poae Peck.
- Stylonectria corniculata Gräfenhan, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Stylonectria hetmanica Akulov, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Taxonomy
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - H.-J. Schroers
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P. Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Y. Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G.H.J. Kema
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S.C. Lamprecht
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - M. Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R.C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J.W. Taylor
- Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - S. Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A.M. Abdel-Azeem
- Systematic Mycology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - J. Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - A. Abdolrasouli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - J.F. Alberts
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - J.P.M. Araújo
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H.A. Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - M. Bakhshi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Bendiksby
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. Ben Hadj Amor
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Setor de Micologia/Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Rua 235 - s/n – Setor Universitário - CEP: 74605-050, Universidade Federal de Goiás/Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - T. Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M.P.S. Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - M. Carbia
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina – Universidad de la República, Av. A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G. Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via Borgo 20 Giugno, 74 Perugia, Italy
| | - R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt (INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de, Cuba
| | - A. Celis
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - V. Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J. Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806, Görlitz, Germany
| | - C.A. Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute – ELIM – Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R.P. de Vries
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C.N. Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - X.L. Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - N.B. Fernández
- Laboratorio de Micología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Gaya
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - C.D. González
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques y Ecosistemas, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D. Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Logroño, 26007, Spain
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Grube
- Institut für Biologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Guevara-Suarez
- Applied genomics research group, Universidad de los Andes, Cr 1 # 18 a 12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V.K. Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | - F. Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 35 K.L. Ledeganckstraat, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - K. Hansen
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Hashimoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - T. Iturriaga
- Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - R. Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - P.R. Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ, 08077, USA
| | - İ. Karalti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - L. Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - E.E. Kuramae
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I. Kušan
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. Labuda
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna (VetMed), Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna and BiMM – Bioactive Microbial Metabolites group, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - D.P. Lawrence
- University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - H.B. Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-Dong 300, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - C. Lechat
- Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - H.Y. Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y.A. Litovka
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russia
| | - S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Y. Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B. Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N. Matočec
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, G.P.O. Box 267, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - P. Mlčoch
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. Mugnai
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology section, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - C. Nakashima
- Graduate school of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurima-machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - R.H. Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S.R. Noumeur
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, 05000, Algeria
| | - I.N. Pavlov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russia
| | - M.P. Peralta
- Laboratorio de Micodiversidad y Micoprospección, PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Argentina
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J.I. Pitt
- Microbial Screening Technologies, 28 Percival Rd, Smithfield, NSW, 2164, Australia
| | - G. Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Patologia vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- Phytopathology, Van Zanten Breeding B.V., Lavendelweg 15, 1435 EW, Rijsenhout, the Netherlands
| | - K.C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 004, India
| | - S. Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology – (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cr 1 # 18 a 12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Rhaiem
- Plant Pathology and Population Genetics, Laboratory of Microorganisms, National Gene Bank, Tunisia
| | | | - V. Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - C. Salgado-Salazar
- USDA-ARS Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, Bldg. 010A, Rm. 212, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A.C.S. Santos
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - G.Y. Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - W.J. Swart
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Y.P. Tan
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - J.E. Taylor
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom
| | - P.W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - P.V. Tiago
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - K.Z. Váczy
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, 6 Leányka Street, H-3300, Eger, Hungary
| | | | - N.A. van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G.J.M. Verkley
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W.A.S. Vieira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - A. Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - B.S. Weir
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - N.N. Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, China
| | - J.W. Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - M.J. Yáñez-Morales
- Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, Montecillo-Texcoco, 56230 Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J.C. Zamora
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - C.L. Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - M. Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Sinaei M, Zare R, Talebi Matin M, Ghasemzadeh J. Marine Debris and Trace Metal (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn) Pollution in the Stranded Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 80:634-644. [PMID: 33751194 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris and trace metals are among the common environmental contaminants known to affect marine organisms. In this study, the quantitative and qualitative aspects of marine debris levels and bioaccumulation of trace metals (Cadmium: Cd; Copper: Cu; Lead: Pb; and Zinc: Zn) were investigated in 42 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded on the northern coast of the Sea of Oman. The greatest quantity of debris was found in the intestine, stomach, and esophagus of the animals, respectively. Results of a Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) subcategory analysis of the ingested debris showed that sheet and thread-like plastics were the most frequently detected debris followed by various rubbish. The results revealed that white-colored debris were the most common debris, followed by black > green > blue > transparent > and brown ones. The results suggested that the rope monofilament was the main source of the ingested debris by the green sea turtles. Concentrations of the trace metals in the liver, kidney, and muscle ranged between 0.66-33.43, 0.36-15.12, and 0.33-7.47 μg/g (ww), respectively. The results of this study suggest that ingested marine debris and tissue concentrations of trace metals are present at levels that may cause sublethal effects on green sea turtles (C. mydas) through potentially affecting the physiological processes and making the turtles susceptible to other natural or human threats. Results indicated that the green sea turtles from the northern coast of the Sea of Oman have high interaction with the marine debris. These factors are considered as a serious threat to the existence and survival of the green sea turtles (C. mydas) living on the northern coast of the Sea of Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Sinaei
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Environment Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Chabahar branch, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Zare
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar,, Province of Sistan dan Baluchestan, Iran.
| | | | - Javad Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Province of Sistan dan Baluchestan, Iran
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Braun U, Nakashima C, Bakhshi M, Zare R, Shin HD, Alves RF, Sposito MB. Taxonomy and phylogeny of cercosporoid ascomycetes on Diospyros spp. with special emphasis on Pseudocercospora spp. Fungal Syst Evol 2020; 6:95-127. [PMID: 32904397 PMCID: PMC7453130 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A worldwide survey of cercosporoid ascomycete species on hosts of the genus Diospyros (persimmon) with key to the species based on characters in vivo is provided. Special emphasis is placed on species of the genus Pseudocercospora, which are in part also phylogenetically analysed, using a multilocus approach. Species of the latter genus proved to be very diverse, with a remarkable degree of cryptic speciation. Seven new species are described (Pseudocercospora diospyri-japonicae, P. diospyriphila, P. ershadii, P. kakiicola, P. kobayashiana, and P. tesselata), and two new names are introduced [P. kakiigena (≡ Cylindrosporium kaki, non Pseudocercospora kaki), and Zasmidium diospyri-hispidae (≡ Passalora diospyri, non Zasmidium diospyri)]. Six taxa are lectotypified (Cercospora atra, C. diospyri, C. diospyri var. ferruginea, C. flexuosa, C. fuliginosa, C. kaki), and Pseudocercospora kaki is epitypified.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - M Bakhshi
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - R Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - H D Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - R F Alves
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - M B Sposito
- University of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Sinaei M, Zare R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some biomarkers in the green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:336-342. [PMID: 31426165 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selected blood biochemical parameters (Glutathione S transferase: GST; Alanine aminotransferase: ALT; Aspartate aminotransferase: AST; Lactate dehydrogenase: LD and glucose) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in blood samples from 18 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Iranian coastline on the northern shore of the Sea of Oman. Mean total PAH concentration in the blood samples was 17.802 ± 1.006 ng/gdw. The study found no significant correlation between blood biochemical parameters and PAHs (p > 0.01), however significant correlations were found between total PAHs and GST activity (p < 0.01). The GST activity measured in this study was useful as a first investigation into the biological effects of PAH pollution as well as in determining the bioavailability of pollution. The results suggest that PAHs might be a factor influencing a reduction in green sea turtle egg fertilization and hatching success. Further study is needed concerning the effects of PAHs and other pollutants on green sea turtles, and specifically on the potential impact on the fetal development of green sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Sinaei
- Department of fisheries, Chabahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chabahar, Iran.
| | - Rouhollah Zare
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Province of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
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Jalili N, Nasr Z, Zare R, Sattari M, Hosseini A. Occupational Performance Priorities of Children With Cerebral Palsy From the Parents’ Perspective. J Rehabil 2019. [DOI: 10.32598/rj.19.4.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Malekzadeh M, Hashemi S, Zare R, Khademi B. PO-384 Investigation of IL-33 serum levels in patients with benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zare R, Hashemi M, Khademi B, Malekzadeh M. PO-382 Evaluation of the serum level of T-helper-17 in patients with benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Zare R, Andisheh-Tadbir A, Moghadasi N, Khademi B, Malekzadeh M, Ardekani ST. PO-383 Profile of serum heat shock protein-27 level in patients with salivary gland tumour. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Daneshmand M, Zal F, Zare R, Mosleh-Shirazi MA. Adaptive Response Induced by Pre-Exposure to 915 MHz Radiofrequency: A Possible Role for Antioxidant Enzyme Activity. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:137-142. [PMID: 28580335 PMCID: PMC5447250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, the rapid use of high frequency electromagnetic fields like mobile phones has raised global concerns about the negative health effects of its use. Adaptive response is the ability of a cell or tissue to better resist stress damage by prior exposure to a lesser amount of stress. This study aimed to assess whether radiofrequency radiation can induce adaptive response by changing the antioxidant balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to assess RF-induced adaptive response in tissues, we evaluated the level of GSH and the activity of GR in liver. 50 rats were divided into 5 groups. Three groups were pre-exposed to 915 MHz RF radiation, 4 hours per day for one week at different powers, as low, medium and high. 24 hours after the last exposure to radiation, they were exposed to 4 Gy sublethal dose of gamma radiation and then sacrificed after 5 hours. Their livers were removed, washed and were kept at -80o C until used. RESULTS Our finding showed that pre-exposure to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation with specific power could induce adaptive response in liver by inducing changes in the activity and level of antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that pre-exposure to microwave radiation could increase the level of GSH and the activity of GR enzyme, although these increases were seen just in low power group, and the GR activity was indicated in medium power group. This increase protects tissue from oxidative damage induced by sublethal dose of gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z Mostafavi-Pour
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medicinal Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medicinal Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Daneshmand
- Radiology Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Zal
- Reproductive Biology Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Zare
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medicinal Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - M A Mosleh-Shirazi
- Radiation Physics Section, Radiotherapy, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Davari M, Wei S, Babay-Ahari A, Arzanlou M, Waalwijk C, van der Lee T, Zare R, Gerrits van den Ende A, de Hoog G, van Diepeningen A. Geographic differences in trichothecene chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum in the Northwest and North of Iran. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2012.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and prevalence of Fusarium species and their chemotypes on wheat in the North-West and North of Iran was determined. Wheat in these areas is severely affected by Fusarium head blight, with Fusarium graminearum as prevalent species causing 96% of the infections in the North-West and 50% in the Northern provinces. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characters and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, and parts of translation elongation factor 1-? and RNA polymerase subunit II sequences. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses show little haplotype variation between the F. graminearum strains collected from the different locations, but the isolates differ significantly in their trichothecene chemotypes as determined with a multilocus genotyping assay. F. graminearum strains producing 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol were abundant in Ardabil (North-West of Iran), while in Golestan province (North of Iran) at the other side of the Caspian Sea especially nivalenol producing strains and a variety of other Fusarium species were observed. Strains producing 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol were rarely found in both areas. This is the first detailed study on Fusarium infections in Iranian wheat, showing large differences in prevalent etiological agents and in mycotoxin chemotypes geographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Davari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367 Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 51666-14766 Tabriz, Iran
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S.H. Wei
- B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, 110866 Shenyang, China
| | - A. Babay-Ahari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 51666-14766 Tabriz, Iran
| | - M. Arzanlou
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 51666-14766 Tabriz, Iran
| | - C. Waalwijk
- B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T.A.J. van der Lee
- B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 19395-1454 Tehran, Iran
| | | | - G.S. de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Peking University Health Science Centre, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - A.D. van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Fatemi K, Disfani R, Zare R, Moeintaghavi A, Ali SA, Boostani HR. Influence of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis on dental pulp. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 16:558-61. [PMID: 23493524 PMCID: PMC3590727 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between periodontal disease and dental pulp changes is controversial and has been debated for many years. This human study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of moderate to advanced periodontal disease on the different aspect of dental pulp structure. Materials and Methods: Twenty hopeless permanent teeth were extracted from systemically healthy adults because of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis, with a bone loss of >6 mm and a mobility of grade 2 or 3. Upon extraction, the apical 2 to 3 mm of the roots were immediately sectioned. Four to five sections were mounted on each slide, and every third slide was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The specimens were histologically processed and examined by an oral pathologist. Results: Non-inflamed pulp, with partial or complete necrosis in some sections and several non-necrotic sections, was found in only 6.3% of teeth. Most teeth (58.3%) displayed edematous pulps. Slightly fibrotic pulps were seen in 52.1% of sections. Odontoblastic integrity was seen in 31.3% of teeth. Most teeth (77.1%) displayed no pulp stones. In 43.8% of teeth, the pulp vessels displayed dilatation. Conclusions: Moderate to advanced periodontal disease can affect the dental pulp. Careful consideration of diagnostic and treatment planing in patients with endodontic-periodontal involvement is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fatemi
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Sedaghati E, Nikkhah M, Zare R, Fotuhifar K, Kocsubé S, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J. Molecular identification of potentialy mycotoxigenic black Aspergili contaminating pistachio nuts in Iran. Acta Alimentaria 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.40.2011.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mirzaee MR, Asgari B, Zare R, Mohammadi M. Association of Microascus cirrosus (Microascaceae, Ascomycetes) with Brown Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Iran. Plant Dis 2010; 94:642. [PMID: 30754431 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-5-0642b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iran is the largest pistachio-producing and exporting country in the world with an annual production of approximately 200,000 t. In July 2009, brown spots were noticed on the leaves of an unknown cultivar of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in the Mazhan Region of Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran. Nearly 20% of the trees in the surveyed area (1 ha) showed irregularly shaped leaf spots that were mainly on the abaxial surface, measured 4 to 6 mm in diameter, and were initially pale brown but progressively became dark brown. Lesions were cut from diseased tissues, surface sterilized, and placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). An anamorphic fungus was consistently isolated from the tissues. The fungus was identified as Microascus cirrosus Curzi (1,4). Colonies on PDA at 25°C reached 9 mm in diameter in 7 days and appeared olivaceous brown and zonate, and perithecia developed in 14 days. Perithecia were black, superficial or partially immersed, spherical, 110 to 200 μm in diameter, with cylindrical necks measuring up to 60 μm long by 25 to 35 μm broad; asci were globose to ovate, eight spored, and 9 to 11 × 8 to 10.5 μm; ascospores were pale reddish brown, variable in shape, ranging from concavo-convex, sometimes plano-convex to oval, and 4.5 to 6 × 3 to 4 μm. The associated anamorph on PDA was a Scopulariopsis sp. with annellophores borne singly or in groups of two or three, 10 to 16 × 2.5 to 3.5 μm, with abruptly narrowed apices; conidia were produced in chains, globose to subglobose, basally truncate, pale olive to fuscous, and 4 to 5 × 3 to 4 μm; chlamydospores were globose to pyriform, terminal or intercalary, and 8.5 to 17.5 μm in long axis. Pathogenicity of two isolates was tested using the filter-paper method of Takahashi et al. (3). Mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter) as well as filter papers containing conidia were placed on five needle-wounded or nonwounded attached leaves of pistachio cv. Kale-Ghuchi in triplicate. The leaves were covered with a translucent plastic bag for 4 days. Inoculated detached and inoculated wounded attached leaves showed symptoms after 6 and 9 days on 5-month-old and 2-month-old leaves, respectively. Control leaves (five in triplicate) remained symptomless. The pathogen was frequently reisolated from the margins of the lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first record of M. cirrosus occurring on pistachio as well as the first report of a member of this genus from Iran. The same fungus has been reported as the causal agent of stored corn deterioration in the United States (1). M. cirrosus also produced a dimorphic yeast phase on PDA but not on malt extract agar or water agar. Cultures with partial reversion developed chlamydospore-like cells. Higher temperatures (25 to 30°C) and surface-sterilized pistachio leaves placed on PDA accelerated the reversion of the yeast phase to hyphal phase. Although dimorphism has been reported in other plant pathogenic fungi (2), this is the first report of dimorphism in this fungus and of a dimorphic fungus attacking pistachio. Further investigations are needed to determine the relation between dimorphism and pathogenicity. A culture (IRAN 1497 C) of the fungus is preserved by R. Zare. References: (1) G. L. Barron et al. Can. J. Bot. 39:1609, 1961. (2) M. Nadal et al. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 284:127, 2008. (3) W. Takahashi et al. J. Plant Pathol. 91:171, 2009. (4) J. A. von Arx. Persoonia 8:191, 1975.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mirzaee
- Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Southern Khorasan, P.O. Box 413 Birjand, Iran
| | - B Asgari
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection; P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection; P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 1463 Boyce Hall, University of California-Riverside, Riverside 92507
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Seifbarghi S, Razavi M, Abbasi M, Zare R. First Report of Leaf Blotch Caused by Septoria phalaridis on Phalaris paradoxa. Plant Dis 2010; 94:375. [PMID: 30754225 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-3-0375b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phalaris paradoxa (hood canarygrass) is one of the most abundant weeds in wheat fields of Iran. In a survey conducted from 2005 to 2007 in Ilam (Dehloran City) and Golestan (Gorgan City) provinces, leaf blotch symptoms were prevalent on P. paradoxa. Initial symptoms were pale brown and necrotic lesions that were 3 to 4 mm long on the leaves. Severity of the disease on the lower leaves was higher than on the upper leaves. Pycnidia were observed on the adaxial surface of infected leaves, scattered or sometimes in clusters, dark brown, globose, and 70 to 90 μm in diameter, with the ostiole approximately 10 μm in diameter. Conidia were filiform, hyaline, 0 to 3 septate (mostly 1 septate), and 17 to 40 × 1.5 to 2.0 μm. Conidiogenesis type was holoblastic. On the basis of the above morphological characters, this species was identified as Septoria phalaridis Cocc. & Morini (2,3). Sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the fungus (GenBank Accession No. GU123926) showed 98% homology to Mycosphaerella graminicola strain 687 and 97% to S. passerinii strain ATCC26515 (GenBank Accession Nos. AB435068.1 and AF181696.1). To confirm pathogenicity of the fungus, 25 P. paradoxa seedlings were inoculated at the three-leaf stage with 20 ml of 1 × 107 spores/ml suspension with a hand sprayer. Plants were covered with a clear polyethylene bag to increase humidity and prevent cross contamination. After 72 h, bags were removed and plants were kept in a greenhouse at 21 ± 2/16 ± 2°C (day/night) and a 16-h photoperiod. Control plants received sterilized distilled water only. Leaves of each plant were visually inspected every day and the appearance of disease symptoms was recorded. After 1 month, all inoculated leaves showed symptoms and signs of the disease such as chlorosis, necrosis, and pycnidia, whereas control plants showed no symptoms or signs of disease. The infected plant tissues were examined with a microscope, the pycnidia and pycnidiospores were measured, and S. phalaridis was reisolated from leaf lesions. The first description of S. phalaridis was on P. brachystachys (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathogen on P. paradoxa. In addition, this is a new fungal species for the mycobiota of Iran. Two voucher specimens (IRAN 14078 F and IRAN 14218 F) were deposited in the Fungus Collection of the Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. References: (1) G. Cocconi and F. Morini. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna, Cl. Sci. Fis. Ser. 4, 6:371, 1884. (2) M. J. Priest. Fungi of Australia, Septoria. ABRS, Canberra. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 2006. (3) D. N. Teterevnikova-Babayan. Fungi of the Genus Septoria in the USSR. Akademiya Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, Yerevan, 1987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Seifbarghi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 19395-1454
| | - M Razavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 19395-1454
| | - M Abbasi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 19395-1454
| | - R Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 19395-1454
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Eslami A, Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Zare R, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. The predatory capability of Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides in the control of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. Vet Parasitol 2005; 130:263-6. [PMID: 15899553 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2004] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One hundred compost samples were examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi on the sheep farms of Mazanderan, province, Iran. Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides (IRAN 677C=CBS 143565) was isolated from 3% of the samples examined. Nematophagous activity of this fungus which was shown for the first time in this study, revealed the addition of 1000, 8000, 20000 and 100000 conidia per gram of feces of sheep reduced significantly (P<0.001) the number of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in the feces by 41.71%, 63, 27%, 73.49% and 94.96%, respectively. These results show that A. cladodes var. macroides is a promising candidate for biological control of H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eslami
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, P.O. Box 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. N. Kouvelis
- Division of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Greece, and
| | | | | | - M. A. Typas
- Division of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Greece, and
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Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the complete ribosomal RNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 36 isolates of Verticillium lecanii and related species gave a single 620 bp product in 31 isolates. Five isolates received as V. lecanii, however, gave a single product of 600 bp. Restriction fragment analysis of the PCR products from all isolates gave consistent patterns for the 31 isolates with a 620 bp product. The five isolates with the 600 bp product showed only minor discrepancies to these, generally related to the size of only one restriction fragment. The total ITS region was sequenced from 10 typical 620 bp isolates and one 600 bp isolate. Sequence variation between the isolates varied from 0 to 14.5%, and the 20 bp size discrepancy was found to relate to an insertion or deletion in the centre of the ITS1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zare
- CABI Bioscience, Egham, Surrey, UK
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