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Ibarra A, Mendieta-Arbesú E, Suarez-Meade P, García-Vences E, Martiñón S, Rodriguez-Barrera R, Lomelí J, Flores-Romero A, Silva-García R, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Borlongan CV, Frydman TD. Motor Recovery after Chronic Spinal Cord Transection in Rats: A Proof-of-Concept Study Evaluating a Combined Strategy. CNSNDDT 2019; 18:52-62. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181105101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The chronic phase of Spinal Cord (SC) injury is characterized by the presence
of a hostile microenvironment that causes low activity and a progressive decline in neurological function;
this phase is non-compatible with regeneration. Several treatment strategies have been investigated
in chronic SC injury with no satisfactory results. OBJECTIVE- In this proof-of-concept study,
we designed a combination therapy (Comb Tx) consisting of surgical glial scar removal plus scar inhibition,
accompanied with implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and immunization with
neural-derived peptides (INDP).
Methods:
This study was divided into three subsets, all in which Sprague Dawley rats were subjected
to a complete SC transection. Sixty days after injury, animals were randomly allocated into two groups
for therapeutic intervention: control group and animals receiving the Comb-Tx. Sixty-three days after
treatment we carried out experiments analyzing motor recovery, presence of somatosensory evoked
potentials, neural regeneration-related genes, and histological evaluation of serotoninergic fibers.
Results:
Comb-Tx induced a significant locomotor and electrophysiological recovery. An increase in the
expression of regeneration-associated genes and the percentage of 5-HT+ fibers was noted at the caudal
stump of the SC of animals receiving the Comb-Tx. There was a significant correlation of locomotor recovery
with positive electrophysiological activity, expression of GAP43, and percentage of 5-HT+ fibers.
Conclusion:
Comb-Tx promotes motor and electrophysiological recovery in the chronic phase of SC
injury subsequent to a complete transection. Likewise, it is capable of inducing the permissive microenvironment
to promote axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Erika Mendieta-Arbesú
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Paola Suarez-Meade
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Elisa García-Vences
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joel Lomelí
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Adrian Flores-Romero
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Tamara D. Frydman
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anahuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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Pineda-Rodriguez B, Toscano-Tejeida D, García–Vences E, Rodriguez-Barrera R, Flores-Romero A, Castellanos-Canales D, Gutierrez–Ospina G, Castillo-Carvajal L, Meléndez-Herrera E, Ibarra A. Anterior chamber associated immune deviation used as a neuroprotective strategy in rats with spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188506. [PMID: 29190648 PMCID: PMC5708781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is probably one of the main destructive events occurring after spinal cord injury (SCI). Its progression depends mostly on the autoimmune response developed against neural constituents. Therefore, modulation or inhibition of this self-reactive reaction could help to reduce tissue destruction. Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) is a phenomenon that induces immune-tolerance to antigens injected into the eye´s anterior chamber, provoking the reduction of such immune response. In the light of this notion, induction of ACAID to neural constituents could be used as a potential prophylactic therapy to promote neuroprotection. In order to evaluate this approach, three experiments were performed. In the first one, the capability to induce ACAID of the spinal cord extract (SCE) and the myelin basic protein (MBP) was evaluated. Using the delayed type hypersensibility assay (DTH) we demonstrated that both, SCE and MBP were capable of inducing ACAID. In the second experiment we evaluated the effect of SCE-induced ACAID on neurological and morphological recovery after SCI. In the results, there was a significant improvement of motor recovery, nociceptive hypersensitivity and motoneuron survival in rats with SCE-induced ACAID. Moreover, ACAID also up-regulated the expression of genes encoding for anti-inflammatory cytokines and FoxP3 but down-regulated those for pro-inflamatory cytokines. Finally, in the third experiment, the effect of a more simple and practical strategy was evaluated: MBP-induced ACAID, we also found significant neurological and morphological outcomes. In the present study we demonstrate that the induction of ACAID against neural antigens in rats, promotes neuroprotection after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pineda-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Diana Toscano-Tejeida
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Elisa García–Vences
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Adrian Flores-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Daniela Castellanos-Canales
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Gabriel Gutierrez–Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Castillo-Carvajal
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
| | - Esperanza Meléndez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte. Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan Estado de México, México
- Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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Martiñón S, García-Vences E, Toscano-Tejeida D, Flores-Romero A, Rodriguez-Barrera R, Ferrusquia M, Hernández-Muñoz RE, Ibarra A. Long-term production of BDNF and NT-3 induced by A91-immunization after spinal cord injury. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:42. [PMID: 27364353 PMCID: PMC4928355 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After spinal cord (SC)-injury, a non-modulated immune response contributes to the damage of neural tissue. Protective autoimmunity (PA) is a T cell mediated, neuroprotective response induced after SC-injury. Immunization with neural-derived peptides (INDP), such as A91, has shown to promote-in vitro-the production of neurotrophic factors. However, the production of these molecules has not been studied at the site of injury. RESULTS In order to evaluate these issues, we performed four experiments in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first one, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) concentrations were evaluated at the site of lesion 21 days after SC-injury. BDNF and NT-3 were significantly increased in INDP-treated animals. In the second experiment, proliferation of anti-A91 T cells was assessed at chronic stages of injury. In this case, we found a significant proliferation of these cells in animals subjected to SC-injury + INDP. In the third experiment, we explored the amount of BDNF and NT3 at the site of injury in the chronic phase of rats subjected to either SC-contusion (SCC; moderate or severe) or SC-transection (SCT; complete or incomplete). The animals were treated with INDP immediately after injury. Rats subjected to moderate contusion or incomplete SCT showed significantly higher levels of BDNF and NT-3 as compared to PBS-immunized ones. In rats with severe SCC and complete SCT, BDNF and NT-3 concentrations were barely detected. Finally, in the fourth experiment we assessed motor function recovery in INDP-treated rats with moderate SC-injury. Rats immunized with A91 showed a significantly higher motor recovery from the first week and up to 4 months after SC-injury. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that PA boosted by immunization with A91 after moderate SC-injury can exert its benefits even at chronic stages, as shown by long-term production of BDNF and NT-3 and a substantial improvement in motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Martiñón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico, D.F., Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Elisa García-Vences
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Toscano-Tejeida
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Flores-Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel Ferrusquia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rolando E Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico. .,Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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