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Oliveira FC, Carvalho JO, Magalhães LSSM, da Silva JM, Pereira SR, Gomes Júnior AL, Soares LM, Cariman LIC, da Silva RI, Viana BC, Silva-Filho EC, Afewerki S, da Cunha HN, Vega ML, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. Biomineralization inspired engineering of nanobiomaterials promoting bone repair. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 120:111776. [PMID: 33545906 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A biomineralization processes is disclosed for engineering nanomaterials that support bone repair. The material was fabricated through a hot press process using electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix covered with hybrid composites of carbon nanotubes/graphene nanoribbons (GNR) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). Various scaffolds were devised [nHA/PLA, PLA/GNR, and PLA/nHA/GNR (1 and 3%)] and their structure and morphology characterized through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Atomic force microscope (AFM). Moreover, thorough biocompatibility and toxicity studies were performed. Here, in vivo studies on toxicity and cytotoxicity were conducted in aqueous dispersions of the biomaterials at concentrations of 30, 60, and 120 μg/mL using the Allium cepa test. Further toxicity studies were performed through hemolysis toxicity tests and genotoxicity tests evaluating the damage index and damage frequencies of DNAs through comet assays with samples of the animals' peripheral blood, marrow, and liver. Additionally, the regenerative activity of the scaffolds was analyzed by measuring the cortical tibiae of rats oophorectomized implanted with the biomaterials. Biochemical analyzes [glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), urea, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were also performed on blood samples. The results suggested a toxicity and cytotoxicity level for the GNR biomaterials at a concentration of 60 and 120 μg/mL, but non-toxicity and cytotoxicity for the 30 μg/mL concentration. The scaffolds obtained at a concentration of 0.3 mg/cm2 were not toxic in the hemolysis test and demonstrated no cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity in the blood, marrow, and liver analyzes of the animals, corroborating data from the biochemical markers of GPT, GOT, and urea. Tissue regeneration was performed in all groups and was more pronounced in the group containing the combination of nHA/GNR (3%), which is consistent with the data obtained for the calcium, serum phosphorus, and ALP concentrations. Consequently, the study indicates that the engineered nanobiomaterial is a promising candidate for bone tissue repair and regenerative applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The scientific contribution of this study is the engineering of a synthetic hybrid biomaterial, in nanoscale by a pressing and heating process. A biodegradable polymeric matrix was covered on both sides with a carbonated hybrid bioceramic/graphene nanoribbons (GNR), which has hydrophilic characteristics, with chemical elements stoichiometrically similar to bone mineral composition. The nanomaterial displayed promising bone regeneration ability, which is the first example to be used in an osteoporotic animal model. Moreover, detailed biocompatibility and toxicity studies were performed on the nanomaterials and their compositions, which is of great interest for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francilio Carvalho Oliveira
- Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030 Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil; Faculdade Estácio Teresina, Teresina, PI 64046-700, Brazil
| | - Jancineide Oliveira Carvalho
- Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030 Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil
| | - Leila S S M Magalhães
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marques da Silva
- Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil
| | - Saronny Rose Pereira
- Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior
- Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil
| | | | - Laynna Ingrid Cruz Cariman
- Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil
| | - Ruan Inácio da Silva
- Centro Universitário de Saúde, Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina, PI 64073-505, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu C Viana
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Edson Cavalcanti Silva-Filho
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Health Science and Technology, Harvard University - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helder Nunes da Cunha
- Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Vega
- Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
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