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Maolanon AR, Risgaard R, Wang SY, Snoep Y, Papangelis A, Yi F, Holley D, Barslund AF, Svenstrup N, Hansen KB, Clausen RP. Subtype-Specific Agonists for NMDA Receptor Glycine Binding Sites. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1681-1687. [PMID: 28514141 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues based on serine as lead structure were designed, and their agonist activities were evaluated at recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes (GluN1/2A-D) using two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) electrophysiology. Pronounced variation in subunit-selectivity, potency, and agonist efficacy was observed in a manner that was dependent on the GluN2 subunit in the NMDA receptor. In particular, compounds 15a and 16a are potent GluN2C-specific superagonists at the GluN1 subunit with agonist efficacies of 398% and 308% compared to glycine. This study demonstrates that subunit-selectivity among glycine site NMDA receptor agonists can be achieved and suggests that glycine-site agonists can be developed as pharmacological tool compounds to study GluN2C-specific effects in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Maolanon
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuang-Yan Wang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoran Snoep
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Papangelis
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - David Holley
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Anne F. Barslund
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck
A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Niels Svenstrup
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck
A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Rasmus P. Clausen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
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An expedient, practical, and enantioselective route to the highly
congested ent-kaurane diterpene maoecrystal V is
presented. This route, which has been several years in the making,
is loosely modeled after a key pinacol shift in the proposed biosynthesis.
Only 11 steps, many of which are strategic in that they build key
skeletal bonds and incorporate critical functionalities, are required
to access (−)-maoecrystal V. Several unique and unexpected
maneuvers are featured in this potentially scalable pathway. Reevaluation
of the biological activity calls into question the initial exuberance
surrounding this natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artiom Cernijenko
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Risgaard R, Nielsen SD, Hansen KB, Jensen CM, Nielsen B, Traynelis SF, Clausen RP. Development of 2'-substituted (2S,1'R,2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine analogues as potent N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4071-81. [PMID: 23614571 DOI: 10.1021/jm400346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2'-substituted analogues of the selective NMDA receptor ligand (2S,1'R,2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine ((S)-CCG-IV) have been designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically characterized. The design was based on a docking study hypothesizing that substituents in the 2'-position would protrude into a region where differences among the NMDA receptor GluN2 subunits exist. Various synthetic routes were explored, and two different routes provided a series of alkyl-substituted analogues. Pharmacological characterization revealed that these compounds are NMDA receptor agonists and that potency decreases with increasing size of the alkyl groups. Variations in agonist activity are observed at the different recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes. This study demonstrates that it is possible to introduce substituents in the 2'-position of (S)-CCG-IV while maintaining agonist activity and that variation among NMDA receptor subtypes may be achieved by probing this region of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Risgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen KB, Tajima N, Risgaard R, Perszyk RE, Jørgensen L, Vance KM, Ogden KK, Clausen RP, Furukawa H, Traynelis SF. Structural determinants of agonist efficacy at the glutamate binding site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:114-27. [PMID: 23625947 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.085803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels assembled from GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. We used a series of N-hydroxypyrazole-5-glycine (NHP5G) partial agonists at the GluN2 glutamate binding site as tools to study activation of GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2D NMDA receptor subtypes. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology, fast-application patch-clamp, and single-channel recordings, we show that propyl- and ethyl-substituted NHP5G agonists have a broad range of agonist efficacies relative to the full agonist glutamate (<1-72%). Crystal structures of the agonist binding domains (ABDs) of GluN2A and GluN2D do not reveal any differences in the overall domain conformation induced by binding of the full agonist glutamate or the partial agonist propyl-NHP5G, which is strikingly different from ABD structures of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propanoate (AMPA) and kainate receptors bound to full and partial agonists. Subsequent evaluation of relative NHP5G agonist efficacy at GluN2A-GluN2D chimeric subunits implicates the amino-terminal domain (ATD) as a strong determinant of agonist efficacy, suggesting that interdomain interactions between the ABD and the ATD may be a central element in controlling the manner by which agonist binding leads to channel opening. We propose that variation in the overall receptor conformation, which is strongly influenced by the nature of interdomain interactions in resting and active states, mediates differences in agonist efficacy and partial agonism at the GluN2 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Risgaard R, Ettrup A, Balle T, Dyssegaard A, Hansen HD, Lehel S, Madsen J, Pedersen H, Püschl A, Badolo L, Bang-Andersen B, Knudsen GM, Kristensen JL. Radiolabelling and PET brain imaging of the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist Lu AE43936. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Practical radical cyclizations using organoboronic acids and trifluoroborates take place in water, open to air, and in a scalable fashion employing catalytic silver nitrate and stoichiometric potassium persulfate. Both Pschorr-type cyclizations and tandem radical cyclization/trap cascades are described, illustrating the utility of these mild conditions for the generation of polycyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Lockner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Darryl D. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Abstract
Subunit-selective ligands for glutamate receptors remains an area of interest as glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and involved in a number of diseased states in the central nervous system (CNS). Few subtype-selective ligands are known, especially among the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor class. Development of these ligands seems to be a difficult task because of the conserved region in the binding site of the NMDA receptor subunits. A few scaffolds have been developed showing potential to differentiate between the NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Risgaard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Denmark
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Kristensen JL, Püschl A, Jensen M, Risgaard R, Christoffersen CT, Bang-Andersen B, Balle T. Exploring the Neuroleptic Substituent in Octoclothepin: Potential Ligands for Positron Emission Tomography with Subnanomolar Affinity for α1-Adrenoceptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7021-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
| | | | | | - Thomas Balle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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