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Uzelac M, Xin R, Chen T, John D, Li WT, Rajasekaran M, Ongkeko WM. Urinary Microbiome Dysbiosis and Immune Dysregulations as Potential Diagnostic Indicators of Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:394. [PMID: 38254883 PMCID: PMC10814989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There are a total of 82,290 new cases and 16,710 deaths estimated for bladder cancer in the United States in 2023. Currently, urine cytology tests are widely used for bladder cancer diagnosis, though they suffer from variable sensitivity, ranging from 45 to 97%. More recently, the microbiome has become increasingly recognized for its role in human diseases, including cancers. This study attempts to characterize urinary microbiome bladder cancer-specific dysbiosis to explore its diagnostic potential. RNA-sequencing data of urine samples from patients with bladder cancer (n = 18) and matched controls (n = 12) were mapped to bacterial sequences to yield species-level abundance approximations. Urine samples were analyzed at both the population and species level to reveal dysbiosis associated with bladder cancer. A panel of 35 differentially abundant species was discovered, which may be useful as urinary biomarkers for this disease. We further assessed whether these species were of similar significance in a validation dataset (n = 81), revealing that the genera Escherichia, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter were consistently differentially abundant. We discovered distinct patterns of microbial-associated immune modulation in these samples. Several immune pathways were found to be significantly enriched with respect to the abundance of these species, including antigen processing and presentation, cytosolic DNA sensing, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Differential cytokine activity was similarly observed, suggesting the urinary microbiome's correlation to immune modulation. The adherens junction and WNT signaling pathways, both implicated in the development and progression of bladder cancer, were also enriched with these species. Our findings indicate that the urinary microbiome may reflect both microbial and immune dysregulations of the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer. Given the potential biomarker species identified, the urinary microbiome may provide a non-invasive, more sensitive, and more specific diagnostic tool, allowing for the earlier diagnosis of patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Uzelac
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Ruomin Xin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Daniel John
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mahadevan Rajasekaran
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Urology, San Diego VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (M.U.); (R.X.); (T.C.); (D.J.); (W.T.L.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Wang SY, Wang R, Xin R, Ma WW, Xin Y, Yu CP, Wu YH. [The study of the protection function of the sphingosine kinase 1 in the nerve cell damage caused by acrylamide]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 38:886-890. [PMID: 33406544 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200103-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the protective effect and effect of SphK1 overexpression on the injury of nerve cells induced by acrylamide. Methods: ACR with 99% purity was prepared into 1.25 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L solutions. SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (NC group) , experimental group and SphK1 activator group. The experimental group was given ACR solution with final concentration of 1.25 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L respectively for 24 h. In the SphK1 activator group, on the basis of the exposure concentration of the experimental group, the SphK1 specific activator (12-) phorbol tetradecanoate (-13-) acetate (PMA) solution[prepared by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , the final concentration was 100 nmol/l], and other treatments were the same as the experimental group. Control group (NC group) added PMA solution into normal cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SphK1 protein; CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells; hoechst33342 method was used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells; flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of cells. Results: Compared with NC group, the expression of SphK1 protein in the experimental group and the SphK1 activator group was significantly lower (P<0.05) . Compared with the experimental group, the expression of SphK1 protein in each concentration of SphK1 activator group was increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . In addition to 1.25 mmol/L SphK1 activator group, compared with NC group, the relative growth survival rate of experimental group and 2.5 mmol/L SphK1 activator group were lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the experimental group, the relative survival rate of cells in the SphK1 activator group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . With the increase of exposure concentration, the cells in the experimental group showed the morphological characteristics of early apoptosis at ACR 1.25 mmol/L and late apoptosis at ACR 2.5 mmol/L. Compared with NC group, the apoptosis rate of experimental group and SphK1 activator group at ACR 2.5 mmol/L was significantly different (P<0.05) ; compared with experimental group, the apoptosis rate of SphK1 activator group at ACR 2.5 mmol/L was lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The SphK1 excessive expression plays the protective function to the nerve cell damage caused by acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wang
- Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - R Wang
- Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - R Xin
- Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - W W Ma
- Harbin Railway Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Y Xin
- Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - C P Yu
- Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Y H Wu
- Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Zhou Z, Li J, Tu J, Xin R, Zhang W, Wu D. Clustering of nasopharyngeal carcinoma intensity modulated radiation therapy plans based on k-means algorithm and geometrical features. INT J RADIAT RES 2021. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrr.19.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Drilon A, Rogers E, Zhai D, Deng W, Zhang X, Lee D, Ung J, Whitten J, Zhang H, Liu J, Hu T, Zhuang H, Lu Y, Huang Z, Graber A, Zimmerman Z, Xin R, Cui J, Subbiah V. TPX-0046 is a novel and potent RET/SRC inhibitor for RET-driven cancers. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz244.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Xin R, Zuegel JD. Chirped-pulse-amplification seed source through direct phase modulation. Opt Express 2018; 26:21332-21345. [PMID: 30119436 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents integration of a directly chirped laser source (DCLS) into a high-energy optical parametric chirped-pulse-amplification (OPCPA) system. DCLS is an all-fiber, chirped laser source that produces nanosecond, linearly chirped laser pulses at 1053 nm for seeding high-energy chirped-pulse-amplification systems. DCLS produces a frequency chirp on an optical pulse through direct temporal phase modulation. A 1-ns, linearly chirped pulse with a 3-nm bandwidth is produced by applying an ~1000-rad (300π) quadratic temporal phase. The chirped pulse is amplified to 76 mJ in an OPCPA system and compressed to close to its Fourier transform limit, producing an intensity autocorrelation trace with a 1.5-ps width.
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Cai L, Stevenson J, Peng C, Xin R, Rastogi R, Liu K, Geng X, Gao Z, Ji X, Rafols JA, Ji Z, Ding Y. Adjuvant therapies using normobaric oxygen with hypothermia or ethanol for reducing hyperglycolysis in thromboembolic cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2016; 318:45-57. [PMID: 26794589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Normobaric oxygen (NBO), ethanol (EtOH), and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) delivered alone or in combination have neuroprotective properties after acute stroke. We used an autologous thromboembolic rat stroke model to assess the additive effects of these treatments for reducing the deleterious effects of hyperglycolysis post-stroke in which reperfusion is induced with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with an autologous embolus. One hour after occlusion, rt-PA was administered alone or with NBO (60%), EtOH (1.0 g/kg), TH (33 °C), either singly or in combination. Infarct volume and neurological deficit were assessed at 24h after rt-PA-induced reperfusion with or without other treatments. The extent of hyperglycolysis, as determined by cerebral glucose and lactate levels was evaluated at 3 and 24h after rt-PA administration. At the same time points, expressions of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), phosphofructokinase1 (PFK-1), and lactate dehydrogenase were (LDH) measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Following rt-PA in rats with thromboembolic stroke, NBO combined with TH or EtOH most effectively decreased infarct volume and neurological deficit. As compared to rt-PA alone, EtOH or TH but not NBO monotherapies significantly reduced post-stroke hyperglycolysis. The increased utilization of glucose and production of lactate post-stroke was prevented most effectively when NBO was combined with either EtOH or TH after reperfusion with rt-PA, as shown by the significantly decreased Glut1, Glut3, PFK-1, and LDH levels. CONCLUSIONS In a rat thromboembolic stroke model, both EtOH and TH used individually offer neuroprotection after the administration of rt-PA. While NBO monotherapy does not appear to be effective, it significantly potentiates the efficacy of EtOH and TH. The similar neuroprotection and underlying mechanisms pertaining to the attenuation of hyperglycolysis provided by EtOH or TH in combination with NBO suggest a possibility of substituting EtOH for TH. Thus a combination of NBO and EtOH, which are widely available and easily used, could become a novel and effective neuroprotective strategy in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cai
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J Stevenson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - C Peng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - R Xin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Radiology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - R Rastogi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - K Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - X Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Z Gao
- Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Ji
- Cerebral Vascular Diseases Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J A Rafols
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Z Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Y Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Xin R, Zuegel JD. Amplifying nanosecond optical pulses at 1053 nm with an all-fiber regenerative amplifier. Opt Lett 2011; 36:2605-2607. [PMID: 21765482 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond, 1053 nm optical pulses are amplified from 15 pJ to 240 nJ by a Yb-doped all-fiber regenerative amplifier (AFRA), achieving an overall gain of 42 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output-pulse energy from an AFRA ever reported. Techniques for suppressing amplified spontaneous emission are employed to favor the signal gain 23 nm off the gain peak of the Yb-doped fiber. Numerical simulations show that increasing the number of round trips and operating the AFRA at saturation will increase the output level and improve the output stability. This is currently limited by the onset of bifurcation instability, which can be avoided at low repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xin
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA.
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Ren F, Leng Y, Xin R, Ge X. Synthesis, characterization and ab initio simulation of magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2787-96. [PMID: 20036765 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of magnesium in hydroxyapatite (HA) was examined in HA nano-crystals synthesized by the wet-chemical precipitation method at 90 degrees C. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Rietveld refinement, provided experimental evidence of the effects of Mg substitution on the phase, crystallinity, chemical composition, crystal size, morphology, thermal stability and crystal lattice structure of HA. A computational study using ab initio generalized gradient approximation density functional theory was performed to reveal changes in lattice parameters and preferential calcium sites for Mg substitution in HA. The experimental results showed that a limited amount of Mg (Mg/(Mg+Ca) between 5 and 7 mol.%) could successfully substitute for Ca in HA. HA crystallites became smaller and more irregular, and they formed greater agglomerates with Mg substitution. Mg substitution resulted in decreases in the crystallinity and thermal stability of HA. The lattice constants, a and c, decreased with increasing Mg substitution. The simulation results revealed that the Ca(1) sites in HA lattices were energetically favored sites for Mg substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Jiang S, Xin R, Lin S, Qian Y, Tang G, Wang D, Wu X. Linkage studies between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the monoamine oxidase genes. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:783-8. [PMID: 11803531 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent behavioral disorder in children and the etiology of this disorder is not clear. Molecular genetic and pharmacological studies suggest the involvement of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in ADHD, e.g., several reports have found association between ADHD and the dopamine receptor gene DRD-4, the dopamine transporter gene DAT1, and the catecholamine clearance enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes encode enzymes that participate in the metabolism of neurotransmitters of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. MAO inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of ADHD. Our previous studies showed an association between ADHD and the DXS7 locus, which is located in close vicinity to the MAO genes on chromosome X. These findings suggest that there might be linkage between ADHD and MAO genes. To test this hypothesis, we used the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) to test for linkage between a VNTR polymorphism at the MAOA(CA)(n) or MAOB(GT)(n) locus and DSM-III-R-diagnosed ADHD in 82 nuclear families of the Chinese population. The TDT analysis revealed linkage between ADHD and the MAOA(CA)(n) locus (chi-square = 15.25, df = 7, P < 0.05), but not the MAOB(GT)(n) locus (chi-square = 11.18, df = 7, P > 0.05). The data showed that ADHD was in linkage with the MAOA gene and suggested that MAOA might be a susceptibility factor for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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Tang G, Ren D, Xin R, Qian Y, Wang D, Jiang S. Lack of association between the tryptophan hydroxylase gene A218C polymorphism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han population. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:485-8. [PMID: 11496362 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the serotonergic (5-HT) system might be involved in the development of Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is frequently characterized by aggressive and impulsive behavior, a major symptom associated with reduction in serotonergic function. The tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene is a reasonable candidate for ADHD because it encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the process of 5-HT biosynthesis. In this study, we examined the relationship between the A218C polymorphism in TPH gene and ADHD. Sixty-nine ADHD patients and their biological parents were investigated. The A218C polymorphism in intron 7 of TPH gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method. No allele or genotype concerned with this A218C polymorphism was found to be associated with ADHD when analyzed with the haplotype relative risk method. Therefore, our data indicate that the TPH gene A218C polymorphism may not be a susceptibility factor of ADHD in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Jiang S, Xin R, Qian Y, Lin S, Li F, Wu X, Wang D, Tang G, Jiang K. [Study of susceptibility loci located within Xp11 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2001; 18:169-72. [PMID: 11402442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the genetic relationship between monoamine oxidase(MAO) A type gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Chinese. METHODS The haplotype-based haplotype relative risk(HHRR) and the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) methods were used to analyze the genetic association and linkage in 60 ADHD children and their parents. RESULTS In this sample were found significant association (chi(2)=4.90, P<0.05) and linkage (chi(2)=4.84, P<0.05) between the MAOCA 114bp allele and DSM-III-R-diagnosed ADHD in trios composed of father, mother and affected offspring. CONCLUSION The above results suggested that ADHD was associated and in linkage with MAO A gene, and the susceptibility loci might reside in chromosome Xp11 for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
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Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in children. The etiology of this disease is not clear. Genetics studies have suggested the involvement of the dopamine DRD-4 receptor gene and dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). Clinical studies have shown that monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are effective in the treatment of ADHD. These findings suggest that monoamine oxidase (MAO) genes might be involved in the origin of ADHD. In the present work, the DXS7 locus of chromosome X, which is closely linked to MAO genes, was selected as a marker to study the possible association between ADHD and MAO genes in the Chinese population. Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) and the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) methods were employed to analyze the association and the linkage disequilibrium, respectively. Significant association (X(2) = 15.86; 1 df; P < 0.001) and linkage (X(2) = 14.88; 1 df; P < 0.001) were detected between the 157-bp allele of the DXS7 locus and the DSM-III-R-diagnosed ADHD (N = 72) in trios composed of father, mother, and affected offspring. The data suggested that ADHD was associated and in linkage with DXS7 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Peoples Republic of China
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Bian X, Chen Z, Guo D, Du L, Xin R, Shi J. [Expression of angiogenic factors and cell cycle regulation factors in human glioblastoma cell line SHG-44]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1999; 28:178-81. [PMID: 11869524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the biological features and immunophenotypes of human glioblastoma cell line SHG-44 after long term passage. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to study the proliferative activity, intermediate filament protein coexistence, expressions of oncoprotein, angiogenic factors and cell cycle regulation factors. RESULTS After 130 to 150 passages, SHG-44 cells were weakly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but strongly positive for vimentin. The labeling index of Ki-67 and PCNA were 83.5% +/- 10.2% and 70.0% +/- 18.7% respectively. Overexpression of p21 ras, c-erbB-2, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor were obtained. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), FGF receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also up-regulated in this cell line. p16, p53, cdk4 and cyclin D1 could be detected in the cells and their indices were 43.1% +/- 11.2%, 20.7% +/- 6.6%, 33.1% +/- 11.4% and 29.2% +/- 4.7% respectively. CONCLUSION Expressive abnormalities of these growth factors, their receptors and the above oncoproteins as well as disorders of cell cycle regulation contribute to the rapid growth and high degree of malignancy of this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bian
- Department of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038
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Bian X, Shi J, Xin R. [Effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on the growth and differentiation of SHG-44 glioma cell line]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1997; 26:285-8. [PMID: 10374337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on the growth and differentiation of glioma cells and their mechanism. METHODS A human glioblastoma cell line (SHG-44) was treated with NDGA in the medium or intracytoplasmic microinjection of NDGA. Changes of the growth, morphology, cell cycle and immunohistochemical features of the cell were investigated. RESULTS It was found that the growth rates and proliferation activity were inhibited by 100 mumol/L NDGA in the medium, with cell cycles altered. NDGA could induce differentiation of these cells with the glial filaments increased, and the treated cells expressed more GFAP but less vimentin. The expression of p53 and bFGF were also decreased. Furthermore, the result of microinjection (1.5 x 10(-11) g/cell) showed similar but more rapid and permanent effects on the glioma cells. CONCLUSION NDGA has multiple effects of growth inhibition, differentiation therapy, as well as angiosuppression on human glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bian
- Department of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
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Xin R, Chen SK, Tang HQ, Lin XF, McConville BJ. Behavioural problems among preschool age children in Shanghai: analysis of 3,000 cases. Can J Psychiatry 1992; 37:250-8. [PMID: 1611586 DOI: 10.1177/070674379203700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the preliminary findings of an epidemiological study of 3,000 children ages four and five in the Shanghai area. Associations were investigated between problems in the narrow band syndromes of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and certain sociodemographic variables (a one-child family, other social circumstances related to the family). No strong evidence emerged of a distinct psychopathology associated with children from single-child families, although there was a significant correlation between being an only child and having social withdrawal problems. Delinquent behaviour and hyperactivity were more frequent among boys, while somatic complaints, schizoid or anxious, and depression were more frequent among girls. A four year follow-up study of 433 children from the original group who continued to have problems showed a marked increase in hyperactive syndrome problems; this suggests the existence of a clinically identifiable group of behaviourally disturbed children. Early identification allows for early treatment and comparison of the relative efficacy of early and late treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, China
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