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Brandon R, Jiang Y, Yeu RQ, Tweedie-Cullen R, Smallman K, Doherty G, Macaskill-Smith KA, Doran RJ, Clark P, Moffitt A, Merry T, Nehren N, King F, Hindmarsh JH, Leask MP, Merriman TR, Orr-Walker B, Shepherd PR, Paul R, Murphy R. Stratified glucose-lowering response to vildagliptin and pioglitazone by obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in a randomized crossover trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1091421. [PMID: 36699039 PMCID: PMC9869378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding which group of patients with type 2 diabetes will have the most glucose lowering response to certain medications (which target different aspects of glucose metabolism) is the first step in precision medicine. AIMS We hypothesized that people with type 2 diabetes who generally have high insulin resistance, such as people of Māori/Pacific ethnicity, and those with obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia (OHTG), would have greater glucose-lowering by pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) versus vildagliptin (an insulin secretagogue). METHODS A randomised, open-label, two-period crossover trial was conducted in New Zealand. Adults with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c>58mmol/mol (>7.5%), received 16 weeks of either pioglitazone (30mg) or vildagliptin (50mg) daily, then switched to the other medication over for another 16 weeks of treatment. Differences in HbA1c were tested for interaction with ethnicity or OHTG, controlling for baseline HbA1c using linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes included weight, blood pressure, side-effects and diabetes treatment satisfaction. RESULTS 346 participants were randomised (55% Māori/Pacific) between February 2019 to March 2020. HbA1c after pioglitazone was lower than after vildagliptin (mean difference -4.9mmol/mol [0.5%]; 95% CI -6.3, -3.5; p<0.0001). Primary intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant interaction effect by Māori/Pacific vs other ethnicity (1.5mmol/mol [0.1%], 95% CI -0.8, 3.7), and per-protocol analysis (-1.2mmol/mol [0.1%], 95% CI -4.1, 1.7). An interaction effect (-4.7mmol/mol [0.5%], 95% CI -8.1, -1.4) was found by OHTG status. Both treatments generated similar treatment satisfaction scores, although there was greater weight gain and greater improvement in lipids and liver enzymes after pioglitazone than vildagliptin. CONCLUSIONS Comparative glucose-lowering by pioglitazone and vildagliptin is not different between Māori/Pacific people compared with other New Zealand ethnic groups. Presence of OHTG predicts greater glucose lowering by pioglitazone than vildagliptin. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.anzctr.org.au, identifier (ACTRN12618001907235).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brandon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rui Qian Yeu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ry Tweedie-Cullen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - Penny Clark
- Ventures/Pinnacle Incorporated, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Allan Moffitt
- Procare Primary Health Organisation, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy Merry
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Discipline of Nutrition, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Norma Nehren
- Te Hiku Hauora, Northland District Health Board, Kaitaia, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Megan Patricia Leask
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Paul
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Rinki Murphy,
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Munton RP, Tweedie-Cullen R, Livingstone-Zatchej M, Weinandy F, Waidelich M, Longo D, Gehrig P, Potthast F, Rutishauser D, Gerrits B, Panse C, Schlapbach R, Mansuy IM. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Protein Phosphorylation in Naive and Stimulated Mouse Synaptosomal Preparations. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:283-93. [PMID: 17114649 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600046-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent protein phosphorylation is a highly dynamic yet tightly regulated process essential for cellular signaling. Although recognized as critical for neuronal functions, the extent and stoichiometry of phosphorylation in brain cells remain undetermined. In this study, we resolved activity-dependent changes in phosphorylation stoichiometry at specific sites in distinct subcellular compartments of brain cells. Following highly sensitive phosphopeptide enrichment using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we isolated and identified 974 unique phosphorylation sites on 499 proteins, many of which are novel. To further explore the significance of specific phosphorylation sites, we used isobaric peptide labels and determined the absolute quantity of both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated peptides of candidate phosphoproteins and estimated phosphorylation stoichiometry. The analyses of phosphorylation dynamics using differentially stimulated synaptic terminal preparations revealed activity-dependent changes in phosphorylation stoichiometry of target proteins. Using this method, we were able to differentiate between distinct isoforms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) and identify a novel activity-regulated phosphorylation site on the glutamate receptor subunit GluR1. Together these data illustrate that mass spectrometry-based methods can be used to determine activity-dependent changes in phosphorylation stoichiometry on candidate phosphopeptides following large scale phosphoproteome analysis of brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Munton
- Brain Research Institute, Medical Faculty of the University of Zürich, Switzerland
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