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Farràs M, Arranz S, Carrión S, Subirana I, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Blanchart G, Kool M, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Escolà-Gil JC, Rubió L, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, Estruch R, Covas MI, Fitó M, Hernáez Á, Castañer O. A Functional Virgin Olive Oil Enriched with Olive Oil and Thyme Phenolic Compounds Improves the Expression of Cholesterol Efflux-Related Genes: A Randomized, Crossover, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081732. [PMID: 31357534 PMCID: PMC6723782 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as virgin olive oil (VOO) promotes high-density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-atherogenic capacities. Intake of functional VOOs (enriched with olive/thyme phenolic compounds (PCs)) also improves HDL functions, but the gene expression changes behind these benefits are not fully understood. Our aim was to determine whether these functional VOOs could enhance the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial, 22 hypercholesterolemic subjects ingested for three weeks 25 mL/day of: (1) a functional VOO enriched with olive oil PCs (500 mg/kg); (2) a functional VOO enriched with olive oil (250 mg/kg) and thyme PCs (250 mg/kg; FVOOT), and; (3) a natural VOO (olive oil PCs: 80 mg/kg, control intervention). We assessed whether these interventions improved the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions. The FVOOT intervention upregulated the expression of CYP27A1 (p = 0.041 and p = 0.053, versus baseline and the control intervention, respectively), CAV1 (p = 0.070, versus the control intervention), and LXRβ, RXRα, and PPARβ/δ (p = 0.005, p = 0.005, and p = 0.038, respectively, relative to the baseline). The consumption of a functional VOO enriched with olive oil and thyme PCs enhanced the expression of key cholesterol efflux regulators, such as CYP27A1 and nuclear receptor-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Carrión
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Epidemiology Research Group, IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Blanchart
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjon Kool
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - María José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, CSIC-Universidad de la Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- NUPROAS Handelsbolag, Nackă, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Carrión S, Torres L, Castañer O. Cardiovascular risk protection from the Mediterranean diet and olive oil. A transcriptomic update in humans. Grasas y Aceites 2016. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0451161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the human studies that explore the benefits of the Mediterranean diet and olive oil, based on gene expression analysis. We summarized consistent human transcriptomic studies on cardiovascular risk, based on TMD and olive oil interventions, with real life doses and conditions. A literature review was carried out leading up to February 2016. The results show that the TMD, specially supplemented with virgin olive oil, produces beneficial changes in the transcriptomic response of relevant genes in cardiovascular risk such as CAT, GPX1 and SIRT2. p65 and MCP-1, IL1B, IL6, CXCL1, INF-γ, ARHGAP15 and IL7R, which are involved in inflammation; and ABCA1, SR-B1, PPARBP, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, CD-36 and COX-1, which play an important role in cholesterol efflux. The available data illustrate a transcriptomic effect on atherosclerosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways as well as the mentioned genes.
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Ortega O, Sakwinska O, Combremont S, Berger B, Sauser J, Parra C, Zarcero S, Nart J, Carrión S, Clavé P. High prevalence of colonization of oral cavity by respiratory pathogens in frail older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1804-16. [PMID: 26416412 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is caused by dysfunctional swallowing resulting in aspiration of material colonized by respiratory pathogens. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the swallowing physiology, health status, oral health status, and oral/nasal microbiota in frail older patients (FOP) with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and a control group. METHODS We studied 47 FOP (>70 year) with OD by videofluoroscopy (17 with acute pneumonia -APN-, 15 with prior pneumonia-PNP- and 15 without) and 14 older controls without OD (H). Oral/nasal colonization by five respiratory pathogens was evaluated by qPCR, whereas commensal microbiota composition was assessed by pyrosequencing. KEY RESULTS (i) Frail older patients with OD presented similar comorbidities, poor functionality, polymedication, and prevalent videofluoroscopic signs of impaired safety of swallow (33.3-61.5%). However, patients with OD-APN also presented malnutrition, delayed laryngeal vestibule closure (409.23 ± 115.6 ms; p < 0.05), and silent aspirations (15.6%). (ii) Oral health was poor in all groups, 90% presented periodontitis and 72%, caries. (iii) Total bacterial load was similar in all groups, but higher in the oropharynx (>10(8) CFU/mL) than in the nose (<10(6) CFU/mL) (p < 0.0001). Colonization by respiratory pathogens was very high: 93% in OD patients (p < 0.05 vs H); 93% in OD-PNP (p < 0.05 vs H); 88% in OD-APN (p = 0.07 vs H), and lower in controls (67%). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Frail older patients with OD had impaired health status, poor oral health, high oral bacterial load, and prevalence of oral colonization by respiratory pathogens and VFS signs of impaired safety of swallow, and were therefore at risk for contracting AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ortega
- Unitat d'Exploracions Funcionals Digestives, Departament de Cirurgia, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mataró, Spain
| | - O Sakwinska
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - B Berger
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Sauser
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Parra
- Departament de Periodoncia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Zarcero
- Departament de Periodoncia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Nart
- Departament de Periodoncia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Carrión
- Unitat d'Exploracions Funcionals Digestives, Departament de Cirurgia, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mataró, Spain
| | - P Clavé
- Unitat d'Exploracions Funcionals Digestives, Departament de Cirurgia, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mataró, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Domènech E, Carrión S, Garcia-Planella E, Mañosa M, Gordillo J, Concepción M, Guarner C, Cabré E. Smoking status and response to thiopurines in steroid-dependent inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:971-5. [PMID: 20824819 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility and on its clinical course is well known, but not its impact on drug efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to thiopurines in patients with steroid-dependent IBD according to their smoking habits. METHODS The medical records of 163 IBD patients (103 Crohn's disease [CD], 60 ulcerative colitis [UC]) in whom thiopurines were started because of steroid-dependency were reviewed. Therapeutic response was defined by steroid-free clinical remission for at least 6 months after 12 months of starting thiopurines. Clinical data and smoking status at diagnosis, at the time thiopurines were started, and during the follow-up were registered. RESULTS A therapeutic response was obtained in 72% of CD and 61% of UC patients. Smoking habits did not influence the rate of response to thiopurines, the need for rescue therapies, or the development of penetrating/stricturing complications (CD) or proximal progression (UC). However, CD responders who continued smoking required new courses of steroids more often during follow-up. No influence of smoking was found when these outcomes were analyzed depending on gender or disease location. In the multivariate analysis, smoking status was the only predictive factor of drug tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Active smoking does not influence the response to thiopurines in steroid-dependent IBD, but may decrease the likelihood of drug tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeni Domènech
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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