1
|
Ishtifaq A, Qureshi S, Farooq S, Kashoo ZA, Malik MZ, Alam MR, Wani SA, Bhat MA, Hussain MI, Dar RA, Shah SM. Genotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter fetus subsp.venerealis from cattle farms in India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:627-636. [PMID: 32867004 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) is of considerable economic importance to the cattle industry worldwide. Cfv causes syndrome of temporary infertility in female cattle, early embryonic mortality, aberrant oestrus cycles, delayed conception, abortions and poor calving rates. In the present study, a total of 200 samples obtained from vaginal swabs, cervicovaginal mucous (CVM), preputial washes and semen straws were investigated that were obtained from organized cattle farm of MLRI, Manasbal and unorganized sectors. Out of a total of 200 samples, 49 (47·57%) vaginal swabs, 1 (3·33%) preputial wash and 8 (25%) carried out CVM samples were positive for Cfv, whereas none of the semen straws were positive for Cfv. A total of eleven isolates of Cfv were recovered. PFGE (Pulse field gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed four different pulsotypes (I-IV) circulating in the screened farms. A common pulsotype circulating among farms could not be established. Insertion element (ISCfe1), a 233 bp amplicon of Cfv, was sequenced and the sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no: MK475662).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ishtifaq
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - S Qureshi
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - S Farooq
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Z A Kashoo
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Md Z Malik
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - M R Alam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - S A Wani
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - M A Bhat
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - M I Hussain
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - R A Dar
- Mountain Livestock Research Institute (MLRI) Manasbal, Faculty of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - S M Shah
- SMS, KVK, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rather MA, Willayat MM, Wani SA, Hussain SA, Shah SA. Enterotoxin gene profile and molecular epidemiology of Aeromonas species from fish and diverse water sources. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:921-931. [PMID: 31211898 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence, enterotoxin gene profile and molecular epidemiology of Aeromonads from various sources of water (182) and fish (173). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 116 Aeromonas sp. were isolated, of which 48 (26·37%) were from water and 68 (34·62%) were from fish samples collected from retail markets and fish farms. The Aeromonads were recovered from all types of water sources viz. drinking water (13%), surface waters (26%) and fish ponds (69%). The most prevalent species recovered from drinking water was A. hydrophila, from fish ponds it was A. caviae, from surface water sources A. hydrophila and A. caviae were recovered more frequently, and A. hydrophila and A. veronii bv. sobria were isolated predominantly from gills of fish samples. On multiplex PCR analysis for the detection of enterotoxin genes (act, alt, ast), the above mentioned Aeromonas species frequently contained enterotoxin genes, irrespective of their sources. From isolates across all the sources, act (63%) and alt (57%) genes were encountered more frequently than ast (6%). The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences polymerase chain reaction was used for typing of isolates and most of the isolates from water and fish were related, owing to similar ecosystem. CONCLUSION A wide distribution of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonads from water and fish is a potential public health threat and molecular genotyping can be helpful to study epidemiology of the pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A high proportion of isolates recovered from diverse water sources, particularly potable drinking water and fish samples carried one or more enterotoxin genes thereby indicating a potential pathogenic nature of isolates from these sources. The genetic relatedness was detected amongst many isolates recovered from water sources and fish samples indicating circulation of familiar virulent clones in the aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rather
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - M M Willayat
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - S A Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - S A Shah
- Division of Veterinary Pathology of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magray SN, Wani SA, Kashoo ZA, Bhat MA, Adil S, Farooq S, Rather MA, Kabli ZA, Banday MT, Nishikawa Y. Serological diversity, molecular characterisation and antimicrobial sensitivity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broiler chickens in Kashmir, India. Anim Prod Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study has determined the serological diversity, virulence-gene profile and in vitro antibiogram of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broiler chickens in India suspected to have died of colibacillosis. The virulence-gene profile of APEC was compared with that of the Escherichia coli isolates from faeces of apparently healthy chickens, called avian faecal E. coli (AFEC). In total, 90 representative isolates of APEC and 63 isolates of AFEC were investigated in the present study. The APEC were typed into 19 serogroups, while some isolates were rough and could not be typed. Most prevalent serogroup was O2 (24.44%). Among the eight virulence genes studied, the prevalence of seven genes (iss, iucD, tsh, cva/cvi, irp2, papC and vat) was significantly higher in APEC than in AFEC isolates. However, there was no significant difference between APEC and AFEC isolates for possession of astA gene. The most frequent gene detected among the two groups of organisms was iss, which was present in 98.88% and 44.44% of APEC and AFEC isolates respectively. The in vitro antibiogram showed that the majority (96.6%) of APEC isolates were resistant to tetracycline, while 82.2% were resistant to cephalexin, 78.8% to cotrimoxazole, 68.8% to streptomycin and 63.3% to ampicillin. However, most of them (84.45%) were sensitive to gentamicin. Thus, it is concluded that APEC from the broiler chickens carried putative virulence genes that attributed to their pathogenicity. Furthermore, the majority of APEC isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant, which, in addition to leading treatment failures in poultry, poses a public health threat.
Collapse
|
4
|
Farooq S, Wani SA, Hassan MN, Aalamgeer S, Kashoo ZA, Magray SN, Bhat MA. The detection and prevalence of leukotoxin gene variant strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum in footrot lesions of sheep in Kashmir, India. Anaerobe 2018; 51:36-41. [PMID: 29596988 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and identification of leukotoxin gene, lktA, variant strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum in the footrot lesions of sheep. The detection of F. necrophorum was carried out by PCR targeting the lktA gene fragment and identification of lktA variant strains was done by PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and gene sequencing. Of the 450 swabs collected from footrot lesions of sheep, 117 were lktA-positive for F. necrophorum. Of the 50 swabs collected from apparently asymptomatic sheep, only one was lktA-positive for F. necrophorum. The overall prevalence of F. necrophorum in footrot affected sheep in Kashmir valley was 26%, and ranged from 20 to 34.8%, respectively. PCR-SSCP of lktA gene fragment analysis revealed three lktA variants, designated as JKS-F1/F2/F3, while two samples (1.7%) showed multiple lktA variant strains of F. necrophorum in a single footrot-affected sheep hoof. This appears to be the first report on the presence of more than one lktA variant of F. necrophorum in a footrot lesion of sheep. The JKS-F3 lktA variant was the most frequent (75.4%), followed by JKS-F2 (14.4%) and JKS-F1 (8.4%), respectively. Among the three lktA variants identified, JKS-F3 was detected in 74 (86.0%) samples from severe footrot affected sheep with a lesion score of 4. The data suggest that JKS-F3 is the predominant lktA variant of F. necrophorum and is associated with severe footrot in sheep. Hence, JKS-F3 may be a significant variant contributing to the severity and duration of the disease in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Farooq
- KVK-Kupwara, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SKUAST-K, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M N Hassan
- KVK-Nyoma, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S Aalamgeer
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SKUAST-K, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Z A Kashoo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SKUAST-K, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S N Magray
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SKUAST-K, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M A Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J), R.S.Pura, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wani SA, Hussain I, Beg SA, Rather MA, Kabli ZA, Mir MA, Nishikawa Y. Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and salmonellae in calves and lambs in Kashmir absence, prevalence and antibiogram. REV SCI TECH OIE 2014; 32:833-40. [PMID: 24761734 DOI: 10.20506/rst.32.2.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction assays and culture were used to investigate 728 faecal samples from 404 calves (286 diarrhoeic, 118 healthy) and 324 lambs (230 diarrhoeic, 94 healthy) in Kashmir, India, for the presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) and salmonellae. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns were also investigated. In total, 23 ETEC isolates were obtained from the diarrhoeic calves and 12 from diarrhoeic lambs. Most (74%) of the isolates from calves harboured the gene encoding heat-labile enterotoxin I, whereas 75% of the isolates from lambs possessed only the gene encoding for heat-stable enterotoxin a. The ETEC isolates belonged to 20 serogroups, among which serogroups O15 (five isolates) and O8 (four isolates) were the most frequent. Salmonella Typhimurium or S. Enteritidis was identified in three samples from diarrhoeic lambs. The ETEC isolates and the salmonellae showed multidrug resistance. No EAEC or DAEC was detected in any of the samples.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sreenivasulu D, Vijayalakshmi S, Raniprameela D, Karthik A, Wani SA, Hussain I. Prevalence of ovine footrot in the tropical climate of southern India and isolation and characterisation of Dichelobacter nodosus. REV SCI TECH OIE 2014; 32:869-77. [PMID: 24761738 DOI: 10.20506/rst.32.2.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present communication records the first determination of the prevalence of footrot in the unexpected situation of the tropical climate of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, two states in southern India where the maximum temperature rises to 42 degrees C. In total, 73 outbreaks of footrot in Nellore brown sheep were investigated in 11 districts of Andhra Pradesh and one district of Tamil Nadu during the period March 2009 to March 2011.The overall prevalence of ovine footrot was 15%, with severity scores of 2 to 4 (lesion severity scale 0 to 4). The outbreaks occurred mostly during the rainy season, which is usually from June to December. From a total of 1,050 samples of lesions in naturally infected sheep, 478 (45.5%) were positive for Dichelobacter nodosus. Serogrouping of the isolates revealed six serogroups: A, B, C, E, F and I. Among the positive samples, 448 (93.7%) were a single serogroup and 30 (6.3%) carried a mixed infection with two serogroups. Taking single and mixed infections together, serogroup B was most frequent at 50.4% and was found in all districts, followed by serogroup I in 29.3% of samples, A in 14%, F in 6.7% and C in 5.6%. Serogroup E was detected in only one sample. Serogroups A and F were detected for the first time in India. All of 58 D. nodosus isolates in a sub-sample representing different serogroups were found to be virulent, based on the production of thermostable proteases and the presence of the integrase A gene intA. Thus, the present paper reporting isolation and characterisation of D. nodosus confirms the occurrence of virulent footrot in the tropical climate of southern India.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wani SA, Sangwan ML, Dar MA, Kumar A, Rafee MA, Baro D. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial CXCR2 gene of Murrah buffalo. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.342-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
8
|
Bhat MA, Wani SA, Muzafar M, Rather MA, Taku AK, Khandey F. Non-specificity of primers used for PCR based serogrouping of Dichelobacter nodosus and identification of a novel D. nodosus strain. Anaerobe 2013; 21:58-61. [PMID: 23542117 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study records the first case of non-specificity of typing primers developed by Dhungyel et al. A strain of Dichelobacter nodosus (JKS-20G) isolated from ovine footrot in Kashmir, India, showed specificity for serogroup C and G primers. The fimA sequence of the strain turned out to be closer to serogroup G than C. The nucleotide sequence showed maximum homology of 92% with that of serotype G1 strain 238 and 95% with partial sequence available for serotype G2 strain VCS 1004. However, the deduced amino acid sequence of the fimbrial subunit gene of JKS-20G differed from strain 238 by 16 amino acids and by four amino acids from that of partial sequence of strain VCS 1004. This variation indicates towards declaring this isolate as a new serotype (G3) but just insufficient to classify this into a new serogroup. Some of the amino acid substitutions were located within three hypervariable regions a characteristic of different serogroups. However, to ascertain whether this isolate deserves a new serotype status, there is a need to go for antigenic characterisation of this isolate using the tube and cross tube agglutination test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Bhat
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wani SA, Hussain I, Rather MA, Kabli ZA, Nagamani K, Nishikawa Y, Qureshi SD, Khan I. Putative Virulence Genes and Biofilm Production Among Typical Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrhoeic Children in Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:587-92. [PMID: 24293715 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-eight typical EAEC isolates from children with diarrhoea were examined for HEp-2 cell adherence assay, presence of dispersin (aap), yersiniabactin (irp2), plasmid encoded toxins (pet), Shigella enterotoxin1 (set1A) and cryptic open reading frame (shf) putative virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction as well as for biofilm production. All the isolates showed aggregative adherence pattern on HEp-2 cells. All but five isolates (91.3 %) carried aap gene. While irp2, pet, set1A and shf genes were detected in 68.9, 5.1, 39.6, and 60.3 % isolates, respectively. Thirty-three (64.7 %) isolates out of 51 tested were found to produce biofilm which was found to be significantly associated only with set1A virulence gene (P = 0.025). Highest amount of biofilm was produced by a strain that possessed all the genes studied. Out of 14 isolates in which the most frequent gene combination (aap, irp2 and shf) was observed, only six produced biofilm. It is concluded that there is significant heterogeneity in putative virulence genes of EAEC isolates from diarrhoeic children and biofilm formation is associated with multiple genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, 190 006 India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaler J, Wani SA, Hussain I, Beg SA, Makhdoomi M, Kabli ZA, Green LE. A clinical trial comparing parenteral oxytetracyline and enrofloxacin on time to recovery in sheep lame with acute or chronic footrot in Kashmir, India. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:12. [PMID: 22293088 PMCID: PMC3307477 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No clinical trials have been conducted in India on the efficacy of parenteral antibacterials to treat footrot in sheep. In addition, there are no studies worldwide on the efficacy of parenteral antibacterials to treat chronic footrot. Sixty two sheep with acute footrot and 30 sheep with chronic footrot from 7 villages in Kashmir, India were recruited into two separate trials. Sheep with acute footrot were allocated to one of three treatments using stratified random sampling: long acting parenteral oxytetracycline, long acting parenteral enrofloxacin and topical application of potassium permanganate solution (a traditional treatment used by sheep farmers in India). In a quasi pre-post intervention design, sheep with chronic footrot that had not responded to treatment with potassium permanaganate were randomly allocated to treatment with one of the two parenteral antibacterials mentioned above. Sheep with acute footrot were treated on day 0 and those with chronic footrot on days 0, 3, 6 and 9. Sheep were monitored for up to 28 days after treatment. Time to recovery from lameness and initial healing of lesions was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, nonparametric log-rank and Wilcoxon sign-rank tests. RESULTS There was significant correlation in recovery from lameness and presence of healing lesions in sheep with acute (r = 0.94) or chronic (r = 0.98) footrot. Sheep with acute footrot which were treated with parenteral antibacterials had a significantly more rapid recovery from lameness and had healing lesions (median = 7 days) compared with those treated with topical potassium permanganate solution (less than 50% recovered in 28 days). The median time to recovery in sheep with chronic footrot treated with either antibacterial was 17 days; this was significantly lower than the median of 75 days lame before treatment with antibacterials. The median time to recovery for both acute and chronic footrot increased as the severity of lesions increased. There was no difference in time to recovery by age, body condition score, duration lame, or presence of pus in the foot within acute and chronically affected sheep. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that use of parenteral antibacterials to treat sheep lame with either acute or chronic footrot in India is highly effective. This is likely to improve welfare and give economic benefits to the farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kaler
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mir IA, Wani SA, Hussain I, Qureshi SD, Bhat MA, Nishikawa Y. Molecular epidemiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Kashmir. REV SCI TECH OIE 2011; 29:677-86. [PMID: 21309466 DOI: 10.20506/rst.29.3.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 480 samples, comprising 429 faecal samples from healthy adult birds and 51 tissue samples from dead birds, were collected from four government poultry farms in the Kashmir valley from September 2007 to April 2008. In all, 33 Salmonella isolates were obtained. Of these, 28 (84.85%) isolates were Salmonella Gallinarum, 3 (9.09%) were Salmonella Enteritidis and the remaining 2 (6.06%) were Salmonella Typhimurium. All the isolates harboured the invA, sefA, stn and spvC virulence-specific genes. However, the sopB gene was found in only 90.9% of the isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of representative isolates revealed that the majority were related but a few belonged to different clones. The majority of the isolates were resistant to cefpodoxime, nalidixic acid and sulphadiazine and sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefotaxime and tetracycline. Isolation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, including the zoonotically important serovars, revealed a potential threat not only to poultry but also to human health in Kashmir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Mir
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar 190006, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hussain MI, Wani SA, Nagamani K, Fayaz I, Mir MA, Nabi A, Qureshi K, Khan MA, Nishikawa Y. Isolation and characterization of enteroaggregative, enterotoxigenic, diffusely adherent Escherichia coli and Salmonella Worthington from human diarrhoeic faecal samples in Kashmir and Secunderabad, India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Farooq S, Hussain I, Mir MA, Bhat MA, Wani SA. Isolation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin 1 and 2f-producing Escherichia coli from avian species in India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:692-7. [PMID: 19413811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the prevalence and characterize atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in avian species in India. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred and twelve faecal samples collected from 62 chickens, 50 ducks and 100 pigeons were investigated for the presence of stx(1), stx(2), eae and ehxA virulence genes by multiplex PCR. In all, 42 E. coli isolates (25 chicken, 2 duck and 15 pigeon) possessed at least one virulence gene. Out of these, nine (4.24%) isolates were STEC and 33 (15.56%) were EPEC. All isolates from duck and chicken were EPEC while among 15 pigeon isolates nine (60%) were STEC and six (40%) were EPEC. Among the STEC isolates four each carried stx(1) or stx(2) and one possessed both stx(1) and stx(2). Subtype analysis of stx revealed the presence of stx(2f) in four STEC isolates. None of the STEC isolates carried stx(1c), stx(2c), stx(2d) or stx(2e). Isolates carrying stx(2f) demonstrated vero cell toxicity. One each belonged to serogroup O17 and O78, while one was rough and the other untypeable. All EPEC isolates were atypical as they lacked bfpA. This appears to be the first report of detection of stx(2f) from India. CONCLUSIONS The study established the presence of stx(1) and stx(2f) containing E. coli in pigeons and atypical EPEC in poultry in India. Pigeons might serve as vectors for transmission of STEC to environment and humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Taking into account the close contact between fanciers and pigeons, these findings warrant a more critical appraisal of these zoonotic pathogens in pigeons and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Farooq
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Wani SA, Ahmad F. Intestinal helminths and associated risk factors in children of district Pulwama, Kashmir, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:81-82. [PMID: 19172074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
|
16
|
Barman NN, Deb R, Ramamurthy T, Sharma RK, Borah P, Wani SA, Kalita D. Molecular characterization of shiga like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from pigs oedema. Indian J Med Res 2008; 127:602-606. [PMID: 18765880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE An oedema outbreak occurred in a Guwahati pig farm. Escherichia coli isolates from different necropsy samples collected from the dead piglets with oedema were characterized to confirm the virulence. METHODS Haemolytic E. coli isolates recovered from liver, lung and intestine of pigs with oedema were examined for presence of genes encoding pathogroups such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), (eae/bfpA), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC), (eagg), enterotoxigive Escherichia coil (ETEC), (elt/est) and shiga like toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), (stx1/ stx2) by PCR and molecular typing by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR). RESULTS The three haemolytic E. coli recovered from diseased pigs were STEC because of presence of the stx2 and eae genes. Analysis by RAPD-PCR indicated that two of the three isolates were genetically related. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The isolation of STEC isolates from pigs with oedema was shown. Although the three isolates were untypable, presence of eae and stx2 genes clearly indicated these as prime cause of pig oedema disease. Further, demonstration of STEC in pigs becomes a public health concern, as pigs are potential reservoir of such agents, which may cause human illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N N Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wani SA, Ahmad F, Zargar SA, Fomda BA, Ahmad Z, Ahmad P. Helminthic infestation in children of Kupwara district: a prospective study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 25:398-400. [PMID: 18087094 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the investigation of the frequency of intestinal helminth parasites in children of Kupwara, Kashmir, India. Three hundred and twelve children in the age group of 4-15 years were examined for different intestinal helminths in three schools located in rural areas. Two hundred and twenty two of 312 (71.15%) tested positive for various intestinal helminths. The various helminth parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia saginata . By far, the highest frequency of 69.23% (216/312) was noted for Ascaris lumbricoides followed by Trichuris trichiura 30.76% (96/312), Enterobius vermicularis 7.69% (24/312) and Taenia saginata 7.69% (24/312). Single infection was found in 33.65% (105/312) and mixed infection was seen in 37.5% (117/312) children. This study emphasizes the need for improved environmental conditions, i.e., clean water supplies, enhanced sanitation and chemotherapy of school-age children in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- PG Department of Zoology, The University of Kashmir, Soura, Srinagar, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dar ZA, Tanveer S, Yattoo GN, Sofi BA, Dar PA, Wani SA. Presence of anti-Toxocaraantibodies in children population of district Anantnag and Pulwama of Kashmir valley. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:400-2. [PMID: 18974507 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.43562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
19
|
Wani SA, Hussain I, Nabi A, Fayaz I, Nishikawa Y. Variants of eae and stx genes of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from calves. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:610-5. [PMID: 17916128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the subtypes of stx and eae genes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from calves and to ascertain the typical and atypical nature of EPEC. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven faecal samples from 134 diarrhoeic and 53 healthy calves were investigated for the presence of stx, eae and ehxA virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subtype analysis of stx(1) exhibited stx(1c) in 13 (31.70%) isolates, while that of stx(2) revealed stx(2c) in eight (24.24%) and stx(2d) in two (6.06%) isolates. Subtyping of eae gene showed the presence of eae-beta, eae-eta and eae-zeta in two, three and four isolates respectively. None of the E. coli isolates possessed stx(2e), stx(2f), eae-alpha, eae-delta, eae-epsilon and eae-xi. All EPEC isolates were atypical. CONCLUSIONS stx(1), stx(1c), stx(2), stx(2c), stx(2d), eae-beta, eae-eta and eae-zeta subtypes are prevalent in STEC and EPEC isolates in India. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first subtype analysis of stx(2) and eae genes of animal E. coli isolates in India and emphasizes the need to investigate their transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wani SA, Samanta I, Kawoosa S. Isolation and characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus from ovine and caprine footrot in Kashmir, India. Res Vet Sci 2007; 83:141-4. [PMID: 17250860 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Footrot is a highly contagious and economically important disease of sheep and goats, caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, a slow growing anaerobic Gram-negative rod. The current Australian antigenic classification system, based on variation in the fimbriae, classifies D. nodosus into at least 10 serogroups (A-I and M) and 18 serotypes. This investigation was intended to determine the serological diversity of D. nodosus in this region of Kashmir, India. Exudates of footrot lesions were collected from 24 naturally infected sheep and 42 goats located in the Kashmir valley. Of these 66 samples, 24 yielded evidence of D. nodosus by PCR using 16SrDNA specific primers. Multiplex PCR using serogroup specific primers revealed the presence of serogroup B in all the samples except two, which showed the presence of serogroup E D. nodosus. This study also documents the isolation of D. nodosus and detection of serogroup E for the first time in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar 190006, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fomda BA, Ahmad Z, Khan NN, Tanveer S, Wani SA. Ocular toxocariasis in a child: A case report from Kashmir, north India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007; 25:411-2. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
The aims of this investigation were to determine the prevalence of ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) (the causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever) infection in cattle, the carrier status of sheep and goats, and to define the pattern of acquisition of OvHV-2 in lambs under natural flock conditions in Kashmir, India. None of the buffy coat samples from 21 lambs contained OvHV-2 DNA sequences up to 28 days after birth, only one lamb had sequences of OvHV-2 DNA as early as 29 days after birth, and they were detected in the other 20 lambs when they were between 43 and 94 days of age. Sequences of OvHV-2 DNA were detected in buffy coat samples from 28 (85 per cent) of 33 adult sheep and in 16 (61 per cent) of 26 samples from adult goats by hemi-nested PCR. Seventeen (31 per cent) of 55 cattle with malignant catarrhal fever-like clinical signs had sequences of OvHV-2 DNA in their blood, and nine of the 17 died, all of them during the months of April to November, between November 2002 and March 2004. No clinical cases of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever was recorded during the months of December to March. The overall prevalence of OvHV-2 infection in the cattle in the region was estimated to be less than 1 per cent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar-190006, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wani SA, Samanta I, Munshi ZH, Bhat MA, Nishikawa Y. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in healthy goats in India: occurrence and virulence properties. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:108-13. [PMID: 16405690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the occurrence and virulence gene pattern of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in healthy goats of Jammu and Kashmir, India. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 220 E. coli strains belonging to 60 different 'O' serogroups was isolated from 206 local (nonmigratory) and 69 migratory goats. All the 220 strains were screened for the presence of stx(1), stx(2), eaeA and hlyA genes. Twenty-eight E. coli (75.6%) strains from local and nine (24.3%) strains from migratory goats belonging to 18 different serogroups showed at least presence of one virulence gene studied. Twenty-eight strains (16.47%) (belonging to 13 different serogroups) from local goats carried stx(1) gene alone or in combination with stx(2) gene, while as only one strain (2%) from migratory goats possessed stx(2) gene alone. Interestingly in the present study none of the STEC strains carried eaeA gene. Similarly, none of the strains from local goats possessed eaeA and none of the migratory goats possessed stx(1) gene. Eight strains (16%) (belonging to four different serogroups) from migratory goats carried eaeA gene. Twenty-five (14.7%) and seven (14%) strains from local and migratory goats harboured hlyA gene respectively. CONCLUSIONS Healthy goats of Jammu and Kashmir state serve as a reservoir of STEC and EPEC. Further studies in this direction are needed to work out whether or not they are transmitted to humans in this part of world. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first report of isolation of STEC and EPEC strains from healthy goats in Jammu and Kashmir State of India, which could be a source of infection to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Footrot is a highly contagious disease of the feet of ruminants caused by the synergistic action of certain bacterial species of which Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) is the main transmitting agent. The infection is specific to sheep and goats, although it has also been reported in cattle, horses, pigs, deer and mouflon. The antigenic diversity of D. nodosus is due to variations in the DNA sequence of its fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) and provides the basis for classification of the organism into at least 10 major serogroups (A-I and M), the distribution of which varies with different geographical locations. Host immune response to vaccination is serogroup specific. There are three different clinical forms of disease caused by virulent, intermediate and benign strains of D. nodosus, respectively. In order to facilitate rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis, virulence determination, strain differentiation and serogroup identification for effective control measures, immunological tests, DNA probes and PCR based techniques have been introduced. This review summarises the current understanding of the mechanisms of antigenic diversity of D. nodosus as well as advances made in its strain differentiation and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Rotavirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from ten faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves positive for group A rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A portion of the extracted RNA was run in polyacrylamide gel to determine the presence of rotaviral RNA and the rest subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to generate the near full length VP7 gene. Only six samples yielded the desired product. The amplified products were subjected to G-typing by PCR using a cocktail of G6, G8 and G10 typing primers. All of the six samples were characterised as G10 and none of the samples revealed mixed infection by twin G types. Four samples, despite possessing sufficient rotavirus particles as revealed by ELISA and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, did not yield any amplified product on RT-PCR. This could be due to non-specific inhibitors of the PCR reaction, present in the faecal samples, being carried through the extraction procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Rotavirus Laboratory, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar-190006, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, S K University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Rotavirus Laboratory, Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar 190006, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wani SA, Bhat MA, Samanta I, Buchoo BA, Ishaq SM, Pandit F, Shah GUD, Buchh AS. Clinical, serological and molecular evidence of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in India. Vet Rec 2005; 155:242-4. [PMID: 15384509 DOI: 10.1136/vr.155.8.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar- 190006, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the presence or absence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in avian species in India. METHODS AND RESULTS Faecal samples originating from 500 chicken and 25 free flying pigeons were screened for the presence of E. coli. A total of 426 (chicken, 401; pigeons, 25) E. coli strains were isolated. Of 426 E. coli strains, 387 were grouped into 77 serogroups, while 70 and 59 strains were untypable and rough, respectively. All isolates were subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) for the detection of stx(1), stx(2), eaeA, hlyA and saa genes. None of the E. coli strains studied showed the presence of stx(1), stx(2) or their variants and saa genes. Overall 11 (2.74%) and seven (1.74%) strains from chickens possessed eaeA and hlyA genes, respectively, while as only six (1.49%) strains from chickens possessed both eaeA and hlyA genes. O9, O8, O60 and O25 serogroups were most predominant of which there were 24 (5.63%), 23 (5.39%), 23 (5.39%) and 20 (4.69%) strains, respectively. None of the isolates from pigeons showed the presence of any of the virulence genes studied. CONCLUSIONS STEC are absent in chickens and pigeons. However, further studies are required in this direction to confirm or contradict our findings. E. coli strains originating from birds are carrying a low percentage eaeA or hlyA genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study is the first attempt to investigate STEC in chickens and free flying pigeons in India. The chickens and pigeons cannot be considered as important carrier of STEC in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, (Alusteng) Srinagar 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wani SA, Samanta I, Bhat MA, Buchh AS. Molecular detection and characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus in ovine footrot in India. Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:289-91. [PMID: 15294315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dichelobacter nodosus was detected in three clinical cases of ovine footrot in Kashmir, India. The detection was done by PCR in three clinical specimens directly, without isolating the organism, using species-specific 16S rDNA primers. Positive results were indicated by amplification of a 783 bp product. All the three samples were subjected to serogrouping by multiplex PCR using group (A-I) specific primers. All the three samples revealed the presence of serogroup B of D. nodosus by yielding a single band of 283 bps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar 190006, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar- 190006, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Rotavirus Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar-190006, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wani SA, Bhat MA, Samanta I, Nishikawa Y, Buchh AS. Isolation and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from calves and lambs with diarrhoea in India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 37:121-6. [PMID: 12859653 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in calves and lambs with diarrhoea in India. METHODS AND RESULTS Faecal samples originating from 391 calves and 101 lambs which had diarrhoea were screened for presence of E. coli. A total number of 309 (249 bovine and 60 ovine) E. coli strains were isolated. A total of 113 bovine and 15 ovine strains were subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) for detection of stx1, stx2, eaeA and EHEC hlyA genes. STEC and EPEC belonging to different serogpoups were detected in 9.73% of calves studied. Six per cent and 26.66% of lambs studied were carrying STEC and EPEC, respectively. Majority of the STEC serogroups isolated in this study did not belong to those which have been identified earlier to be associated mainly with diarrhoea and enteritis in cattle and sheep outside India. The most frequent serogroup among bovine and ovine EPEC was O26 (40%). One of the most important STEC serogroup O157, known for certain life-threatening infections in humans, was isolated from both bovine and ovine faecal samples. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of STEC and EPEC belonging to different serogroups are prevalent in calves and lambs with diarrhoea in India and could be the cause of disease in them. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study reports, for the first time, the isolation and characterization of STEC and EPEC serogroups associated with diarrhoea in calves and lambs in India. Many STEC and EPEC strains belonged to serogoups known for certain life-threatening diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The present investigation describes detection of a mammalian-like electropherogroup A rotavirus in chicken with diarrhoea. This also records the first detection of a rotavirus in an avian species from India. During the investigation 75 diarrhoeic faecal samples collected from adult chicken were screened for the presence of group A rotavirus antigen by sandwich ELISA. All three samples positive for rotavirus antigen revealed 11 bands of RNA in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In contrast to avian group A rotavirus, segment 5 was found to migrate closer to 6 as is the case with mammalian group A rotaviruses. Segments 7, 8 and 9 were found to migrate as a tight triplet, which is characteristic of group A rotavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, (Alusteng) Srinagar 190006, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vrati S, Agarwal V, Malik P, Wani SA, Saini M. Molecular characterization of an Indian isolate of Japanese encephalitis virus that shows an extended lag phase during growth. J Gen Virol 1999; 80 ( Pt 7):1665-1671. [PMID: 10423134 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of an Indian isolate (GP78) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were characterized in tissue-cultured cells and mice and these were compared with the JaOArS982 strain from Japan. The GP78 strain had a markedly extended lag phase during its growth in porcine stable kidney (PS) cells. There were no obvious defects in the penetration of GP78 into PS cells. However, viral RNA and protein synthesis were significantly delayed in GP78-infected PS cells. Fusion-from-within assays carried out in C6/36 cells indicated that GP78 was less fusogenic than the JaOArS982 strain of JEV. Moreover, maximum fusion in GP78-infected cells occurred at pH 5.5, whereas JaOArS982-infected cells showed maximum fusion at pH 6.0. These results suggested that there may be a lesion in the virus-cell fusion process. The GP78 strain also showed delayed growth in brains of 1-week-old BALB/c mice. Although JEV GP78 was as virulent as the JaOArS982 strain in these mice, the appearance of clinical symptoms of JEV infection was delayed by a day in mice infected with the GP78 strain and these animals showed an increased average survival time. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the GP78 and the JaOArS982 strains of JEV identified a number of amino acid substitutions in structural proteins. Of these, a Thr --> Met substitution at residue 76 of the envelope protein is predicted to be causally associated with the altered biology of the GP78 strain during growth.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wani SA, Gupta RS. Fluid accumulation in rabbit-ligated-ileal-loop model by enterotoxigenic Salmonella bareilly. Indian J Exp Biol 1988; 26:28-30. [PMID: 3403006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|