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Serra Bragança FM, Broomé S, Rhodin M, Björnsdóttir S, Gunnarsson V, Voskamp JP, Persson-Sjodin E, Back W, Lindgren G, Novoa-Bravo M, Gmel AI, Roepstorff C, van der Zwaag BJ, Van Weeren PR, Hernlund E. Author Correction: Improving gait classification in horses by using inertial measurement unit (IMU) generated data and machine learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9379. [PMID: 33903727 PMCID: PMC8076233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Serra Bragança
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM , Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Broomé
- Division of Robotics, Perception and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Rhodin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Björnsdóttir
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Iceland
| | - V Gunnarsson
- Department of Equine Science, Hólar University College, Hólar, Iceland
| | - J P Voskamp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Persson-Sjodin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Back
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Novoa-Bravo
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Genética Animal de Colombia Ltda, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A I Gmel
- Agroscope - Swiss National Stud Farm, Les Longs-Prés, 1580, Avenches, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Roepstorff
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - P R Van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Hernlund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ekman S, Lindahl A, Rüetschi U, Jansson A, Björkman K, Abrahamsson-Aurell K, Björnsdóttir S, Löfgren M, Hultén LM, Skiöldebrand E. Effect of circadian rhythm, age, training and acute lameness on serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) neo-epitope in horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:674-680. [PMID: 30739342 PMCID: PMC6767518 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Molecular serum markers that can identify early reversible osteoarthritis (OA) in horses are lacking. Objectives We studied serum concentrations of a novel cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) neo‐epitope in horses subjected to short‐term exercise and with acute lameness. The effects of circadian rhythm and age were also evaluated. Study design Longitudinal studies in healthy horses and cross‐sectional comparison of lame and non‐lame horses. Methods Sera were collected from five horses before and after short‐term interval exercise and during full‐day box rest. Sera from 32 acutely lame horses were used to evaluate age‐related effects. Independent samples from control horses (n = 41) and horses with acute lameness (n = 71) were included. COMP neo‐epitope concentrations were analysed using custom‐developed inhibition ELISAs validated for equine serum. The presence of COMP neo‐epitope was delineated in healthy and osteoarthritic articular cartilage with immunohistochemistry. Results COMP neo‐epitope concentrations decreased after speed training but returned to baseline levels post‐exercise. No correlations between age and serum COMP neo‐epitope concentrations were found (r = 0.0013). The mean (±s.d.) serum concentration of COMP neo‐epitope in independent samples from non‐lame horses was 0.84 ± 0.38 μg/mL, and for lame horses was 5.24 ± 1.83 μg/mL (P<0.001). Antibodies against COMP neo‐epitope did not stain normal articular cartilage, but intracytoplasmic staining was found in superficial chondrocytes of mild OA cartilage and in the extracellular matrix of moderately osteoarthritic cartilage. Main limitations ELISA was based on polyclonal antisera rather than a monoclonal antibody. There is a sex and breed bias within the groups of horses, also it could have been of value to include horses with septic arthritis and tendonitis and investigated joint differences. Conclusions This COMP neo‐epitope can be measured in sera, and results indicate that it could be a biomarker for pathologic fragmentation of cartilage in connection with acute joint lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ekman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - U Rüetschi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Björkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - S Björnsdóttir
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, Saudarkrokur, Iceland
| | - M Löfgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Skiöldebrand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wagner B, Goodman L, Babasyan S, Freer H, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V, Björnsdóttir S, Perkins G. Antibody and cellular immune responses of naïve mares to repeated vaccination with an inactivated equine herpesvirus vaccine. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wagner B, Goodman L, Babasyan S, Freer H, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V, Björnsdóttir S, Perkins G. Antibody and cellular immune responses of naïve mares to repeated vaccination with an inactivated equine herpesvirus vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:5588-5597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ley CJ, Björnsdóttir S, Ekman S, Boyde A, Hansson K. Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Evaluation of radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:57-64. [PMID: 25290785 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Validated noninvasive detection methods for early osteoarthritis (OA) are required for OA prevention and early intervention treatment strategies. OBJECTIVES To evaluate radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of early stage OA osteochondral lesions in equine centrodistal joints using microscopy as the reference standard. STUDY DESIGN Prospective imaging of live horses and imaging and microscopy of cadaver tarsal joints. METHODS Centrodistal (distal intertarsal) joints of 38 Icelandic research horses aged 27-29 months were radiographed. Horses were subjected to euthanasia approximately 2 months later and cadaver joints examined with low-field MRI. Osteochondral joint specimens were classified as negative or positive for OA using light microscopy histology or scanning electron microscopy. Radiographs and MRIs were evaluated for osteochondral lesions and results compared with microscopy. RESULTS Forty-two joints were classified OA positive with microscopy. Associations were detected between microscopic OA and the radiography lesion categories; mineralisation front defect (P<0.0001), joint margin lesion (P<0.0001), central osteophyte (P = 0.03) and the low-field MRI lesion categories; mineralisation front defect (P = 0.01), joint margin lesion (P = 0.02) and articular cartilage lesion (P = 0.0003). The most frequent lesion category detected in microscopic OA positive joints was the mineralisation front defect in radiographs (28/42 OA positive joints, specificity 97%, sensitivity 67%). No significant differences were detected between the sensitivity and specificity of radiography and low-field MRI pooled lesion categories, but radiography was often superior when individual lesion categories were compared. CONCLUSIONS Early stage centrodistal joint OA changes may be detected with radiography and low-field MRI. Detection of mineralisation front defects in radiographs may be a useful screening method for detection of early OA in centrodistal joints of young Icelandic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Björnsdóttir
- Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority, Selfoss, Iceland
| | - S Ekman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Boyde
- Biophysics, Oral Growth and Development, Dental Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - K Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ley CJ, Ekman S, Hansson K, Björnsdóttir S, Boyde A. Osteochondral lesions in distal tarsal joints of Icelandic horses reveal strong associations between hyaline and calcified cartilage abnormalities. Eur Cell Mater 2014; 27:213-36; discussion 234-6. [PMID: 24668595 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v027a16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions in the joints of the distal tarsal region of young Icelandic horses provide a natural model for the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) in low-motion joints. We describe and characterise mineralised and non-mineralised osteochondral lesions in left distal tarsal region joint specimens from twenty-two 30 ±1 month-old Icelandic horses. Combinations of confocal scanning light microscopy, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (including, importantly, iodine staining) and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography were used on specimens obtained with guidance from clinical imaging. Lesion-types were described and classified into groups according to morphological features. Their locations in the hyaline articular cartilage (HAC), articular calcified cartilage (ACC), subchondral bone (SCB) and the joint margin tissues were identified and their frequency in the joints recorded. Associations and correlations between lesion-types were investigated for centrodistal joints only. In centrodistal joints the lesion-types HAC chondrocyte loss, HAC fibrillation, HAC central chondrocyte clusters, ACC arrest and ACC advance had significant associations and strong correlations. These lesion-types had moderate to high frequency in centrodistal joints but low frequencies in tarsometatarsal and talocalcaneal-centroquartal joints. Joint margin lesion-types had no significant associations with other lesion-types in the centrodistal joints but high frequency in both the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints. The frequency of SCB lesion-types in all joints was low. Hypermineralised infill phase lesion-types were detected. Our results emphasise close associations between HAC and ACC lesions in equine centrodistal joints and the importance of ACC lesions in the development of OA in low-motion compression-loaded equine joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala,
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Björnsdóttir S, Ekman S, Eksell P, Lord P. High detail radiography and histology of the centrodistal tarsal joint of Icelandic horses age 6 months to 6 years. Equine Vet J 2010; 36:5-11. [PMID: 14756365 DOI: 10.2746/0425164044864679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Osteoarthrosis (OA) in the distal tarsal joints, bone spavin, is a well known condition which is common in Icelandic horses age 6-12 years. OBJECTIVES To determine the nature, location and age of appearance of early radiographic and histological changes in the centrodistal tarsal joint (CD) of young Icelandic horses. METHODS Slab sections from the CD of young Icelandic horses were examined by high detail radiography (age 6 months to 6 years, n = 111) and histology (age 6 months to 4 years, n = 82) to detect and describe the early changes indicative of OA. Horses younger than 5 years were unridden. RESULTS Chondronecrotic lesions histologically similar to those described in the early pathogenesis of OA were seen in 33% of the joints, located both medially and laterally. Radiographic sclerosis of the subchondral bone was recorded in 60% of the specimens, most often medially. Medial location was not associated with chondronecrosis, but was strongly related to age. Sclerosis was an infrequent finding on the lateral side, and was probably secondary to chondronecrosis in the corresponding part of the joint. Small defects in the subchondral bone were considered to be the most specific radiographic sign of OA as they were strongly associated with chondronecrosis. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of chondronecrosis in the young horses indicates an early onset and slow progression of the disease. The early appearance also shows that the initiation of the disease is unrelated to the use of horses for riding. As clinical manifestation of OA in the distal tarsal joints is most often described in mature or old horses, the first stages of the disease are not likely to result in clinical signs. Subchondral bone sclerosis did not appear to be a primary factor in the development of OA in the CD but was considered to reflect an uneven distribution of biomechanical forces within the joint. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The development of OA in the CD of young Icelandic horses seems to be due to poor conformation or joint architecture rather than trauma or overloading. These aetiological factors are likely to be of importance for OA in the distal tarsal joints in other breeds as well. The influence of hindlimb conformation and the architecture of the distal tarsal joints on the biomechanics of joints need to be investigated, preferably by locomotion analysis in young horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Björnsdóttir
- Hólar Agricultural College, IS-551 Saudárkrókur, Iceland
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Abstract
A survival analysis was used to compare the culling rate of Icelandic horses due to the presence of radiographic and clinical signs of bone spavin. A follow-up study of 508 horses from a survey five years earlier was performed. In the original survey 46% of the horses had radiographic signs of bone spavin (RS) and/or lameness after flexion test of the tarsus. The horse owners were interviewed by telephone. The owners were asked if the horses were still used for riding and if not, they were regarded as culled. The owners were then asked when and why the horses were culled. During the 5 years, 98 horses had been culled, 151 had been withdrawn (sold or selected for breeding) and 259 were still used for riding. Hind limb lameness (HLL) was the most common reason for culling (n = 42). The rate of culling was low up to the age of II years, when it rose to 0.05 for horses with RS. The risk ratio for culling was twice as high for horses with RS compared with horses without RS and 5.5 times higher for culling because of HLL. The risk of culling (prognostic value) was highest for the combination of RS with lameness after flexion test, next highest for RS and lowest for lameness after flexion test as the only finding. It was concluded that bone spavin affects the duration of use of Icelandic horses and is the most common cause of culling due to disease of riding horses in the age range of 7-17 years.
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Björnsdóttir S, Axelsson M, Eksell P, Sigurdsson H, Carlsten J. Radiographic and clinical survey of degenerative joint disease in the distal tarsal joints in Icelandic horses. Equine Vet J 2000; 32:268-72. [PMID: 10836484 DOI: 10.2746/042516400776563590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the distal tarsal joints and the relation between radiographic and clinical signs compatible with the disease were estimated in a population of Icelandic horses used for riding. The material consisted of 614 horses age 6-12 years (mean age = 7.9 years). Radiographs with 3 projections of each tarsus were made and a clinical examination, including palpation of the medial aspect of the distal tarsus and motion evaluation of the hindlimbs before and after a flexion test of the tarsus, was performed. Radiographic signs of DJD in the distal tarsal joints were found in 30.3% of the horses and the prevalence was strongly correlated with age. Hindlimb lameness before and after flexion test and palpation abnormalities were significantly associated with the radiographic findings. The lameness was usually mild and, in most cases, detectable only after the flexion test. The prevalence of lameness was not significantly correlated with age. Lameness could not be predicted by details of the radiographic findings.
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Nielsen M, Björnsdóttir S, Høyer PE, Byskov AG. Ontogeny of oestrogen receptor alpha in gonads and sex ducts of fetal and newborn mice. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 118:195-204. [PMID: 10793642 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1180195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of nuclear oestrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in the sex organs of fetal and newborn mice has been investigated immunohistochemically. There was no visible ER-alpha immunoreaction in the sexually undifferentiated gonads, whereas a faint immunoreaction was detected in a few cells surrounding the sex ducts, the Müllerian and Wolffian ducts. After sex differentiation, the immunoreaction of ER-alpha was observed in various cell types, with the exception of both the male and female germ cells. In the fetal ovary, immunoreaction was restricted to the surface epithelium and a few stroma cells without any preferential localization. In the testis, the number of ER-alpha-immunopositive cells, identified as Leydig and peritubular cells, increased with age. Immediately after sex differentiation, cells surrounding the sex ducts were ER-alpha-immunopositive, but no immunoreaction was detected in the epithelium in either sex. During development, the epithelium of the sex ducts attained a topographic difference in ER-alpha immunoreaction. In females, immunoreaction was detected in the epithelium of the oviduct, but not in the uterus. In males, the immunoreaction of ER-alpha was intense in the epithelium of the efferent ducts, weak in the epididymis and absent in the vas deferens. ER-alpha immunoreaction in the cells surrounding the sex duct differed between the sexes, being high in all these cells in females, but of varying intensity in males. ER-alpha may not play an important role in the development and function of ovarian cells, but may be involved in the development of Leydig and peritubular cells. Furthermore, substances that react with ER-alpha may influence the male germ cells indirectly through the ER-alpha-immunopositive peritubular cells. In addition, in both sexes, ER-alpha-immunopositive cells surrounding the sex ducts may be involved in the mediation of growth and functional differentiation of the ductal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Studies, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gulcher JR, Jónsson P, Kong A, Kristjánsson K, Frigge ML, Kárason A, Einarsdóttir IE, Stefánsson H, Einarsdóttir AS, Sigurthoardóttir S, Baldursson S, Björnsdóttir S, Hrafnkelsdóttir SM, Jakobsson F, Benedickz J, Stefánsson K. Mapping of a familial essential tremor gene, FET1, to chromosome 3q13. Nat Genet 1997; 17:84-7. [PMID: 9288103 DOI: 10.1038/ng0997-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder in humans, appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in many families. The familial form is called familial essential tremor (FET), which seems similar to sporadic essential tremor. ET is a cause of substantial disability, particularly in the elderly. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease and dystonia may be increased in families with ET, but other movement disorders are seldom encountered in these families. Here we report the results of a genome-wide scan for FET genes in 16 Icelandic families with 75 affected individuals, in whom FET was apparently inherited as a dominant trait. The scan, which was performed with a 10-cM framework map, revealed one locus on chromosome 3q13 to which FET mapped with a genome-wide significance when the data were analysed either parametrically, assuming an autosomal dominant model (lod score = 3.71), or non-parametrically (NPL Z score = 4.70, p < 6.4 x 10(-6).
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