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Godfrin PD, Falus P, Porcar L, Hong K, Hudson SD, Wagner NJ, Liu Y. Dynamic properties of different liquid states in systems with competing interactions studied with lysozyme solutions. Soft Matter 2018; 14:8570-8579. [PMID: 30320333 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies of colloidal systems with a short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) have been demonstrated to have a generalized phase diagram with multiple liquid states defined by their structures. In this paper, we identify the different liquid states of previous experimentally studied lysozyme samples within this proposed generalized state diagram and explore the dynamic properties of each liquid state. We show that most lysozyme samples studied here and previously at low and intermediate concentrations are dispersed fluids while a few high concentration samples are randomly percolated liquids. In the dispersed fluid region, the short-time diffusion coefficient measured by neutron spin echo agrees well with the long time diffusion coefficient estimated with the solution viscosity. This dynamic feature is maintained even for some samples in the random percolated region. However, the short-time and long-time diffusion coefficients of random percolated fluids deviate at larger concentration and attraction strength. At high enough concentrations, the mean square displacement can be as slow as those of many glassy colloidal systems at time scales near the characteristic diffusion time even though these lysozyme samples remain in liquid states at the long-time limit. We thus identify the region in the generalized phase diagram where these equilibrium states with extremely slow local dynamics exist relative to bulk percolation and kinetic arrest (gel and glassy) transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Godfrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Dunkers JP, Lee HJ, Matos MA, Pakstis LM, Taboas JM, Hudson SD, Cicerone MT. Effect of surface modification on protein retention and cell proliferation under strain. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2902-9. [PMID: 21515419 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
When culturing cells on flexible surfaces, it is important to consider extracellular matrix treatments that will remain on the surface under mechanical strain. Here we investigate differences in laminin deposited on oxidized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with plasma treatment (plasma-only) vs. plasma and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane treatment (silane-linked). We use specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence to probe the quantity and uniformity of laminin. The surface coverage of laminin is approximately 45% for the plasma-only and 50% for the silane-linked treatment as determined by SXR. TEM and immunofluorescence reveal additional islands of laminin aggregates on the plasma-only PDMS compared with the relatively smooth and uniform silane-linked laminin surface. We also examine laminin retention under strain and vascular smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation under static and strain conditions. Equibiaxial stretching of the PDMS surfaces shows greatly improved retention of the silane-linked laminin over plasma-only. There are significantly more cells on the silane-linked surface after 4 days of equibiaxial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dunkers
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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Hobbie EK, Simien DO, Fagan JA, Huh JY, Chung JY, Hudson SD, Obrzut J, Douglas JF, Stafford CM. Wrinkling and strain softening in single-wall carbon nanotube membranes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:125505. [PMID: 20366547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear elasticity of thin supported membranes assembled from length purified single-wall carbon nanotubes is analyzed through the wrinkling instability that develops under uniaxial compression. In contrast with thin polymer films, pristine nanotube membranes exhibit strong softening under finite strain associated with bond slip and network fracture. We model the response as a shift in percolation threshold generated by strain-induced nanotube alignment in accordance with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Hobbie
- Department of Physics, Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
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Hobbie EK, Bauer BJ, Stephens J, Becker ML, McGuiggan P, Hudson SD, Wang H. Colloidal particles coated and stabilized by DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes. Langmuir 2005; 21:10284-7. [PMID: 16262277 DOI: 10.1021/la051827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are dispersed in water via wrapping with short segments of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Small angle neutron scattering suggests a power-law exponent that is consistent with clustered nanotubes and hence marginal stability. The SWNT-ssDNA complex is used to stabilize dispersions of hydrophilic colloidal particles with the nanotubes adhered to the surface of the colloids. Near-infrared fluorescence microscopy demonstrates the interfacial band-gap fluorescence of these SWNT-coated particles, suggesting potential routes to novel platforms and applications.
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Yebassa D, Balakrishnan S, Feresenbet E, Raghavan D, Start PR, Hudson SD. Chemically functionalized clay vinyl ester nanocomposites: Effect of processing parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.11073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Percec V, Glodde M, Bera TK, Miura Y, Shiyanovskaya I, Singer KD, Balagurusamy VSK, Heiney PA, Schnell I, Rapp A, Spiess HW, Hudson SD, Duan H. Erratum: Self-organization of supramolecular helical dendrimers into complex electronic materials. Nature 2002. [DOI: 10.1038/nature01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Percec V, Glodde M, Bera TK, Miura Y, Shiyanovskaya I, Singer KD, Balagurusamy VSK, Heiney PA, Schnell I, Rapp A, Spiess HW, Hudson SD, Duan H. Self-organization of supramolecular helical dendrimers into complex electronic materials. Nature 2002; 419:384-7. [PMID: 12352988 DOI: 10.1038/nature01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2002] [Accepted: 08/16/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of electrically conducting organic crystals and polymers has widened the range of potential optoelectronic materials, provided these exhibit sufficiently high charge carrier mobilities and are easy to make and process. Organic single crystals have high charge carrier mobilities but are usually impractical, whereas polymers have good processability but low mobilities. Liquid crystals exhibit mobilities approaching those of single crystals and are suitable for applications, but demanding fabrication and processing methods limit their use. Here we show that the self-assembly of fluorinated tapered dendrons can drive the formation of supramolecular liquid crystals with promising optoelectronic properties from a wide range of organic materials. We find that attaching conducting organic donor or acceptor groups to the apex of the dendrons leads to supramolecular nanometre-scale columns that contain in their cores pi-stacks of donors, acceptors or donor-acceptor complexes exhibiting high charge carrier mobilities. When we use functionalized dendrons and amorphous polymers carrying compatible side groups, these co-assemble so that the polymer is incorporated in the centre of the columns through donor-acceptor interactions and exhibits enhanced charge carrier mobilities. We anticipate that this simple and versatile strategy for producing conductive pi-stacks of aromatic groups, surrounded by helical dendrons, will lead to a new class of supramolecular materials suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.
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Hudson SD, Lovinger AJ, Gomez MA, Lorente J, Marco C, Fatou JG. Relationship between Mesophase and Semicrystalline Morphology in Smectic Liquid Crystalline Polymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00090a033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hudson SD, Lovinger AJ, Larson RG, Davis DD, Garay RO, Fujishiro K. Detection of nematic-smectic phase transition in a semiflexible main-chain liquid crystalline polymer. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00073a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jung HT, Kim SO, Ko YK, Yoon DK, Hudson SD, Percec V, Holerca MN, Cho WD, Mosier PE. Surface Order in Thin Films of Self-Assembled Columnar Liquid Crystals. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S. D. Hudson
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve, University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
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Percec V, Holerca MN, Magonov SN, Yeardley DJ, Ungar G, Duan H, Hudson SD. Poly(oxazolines)s with tapered minidendritic side groups. The simplest cylindrical models to investigate the formation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional order by direct visualization. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:706-28. [PMID: 11710025 DOI: 10.1021/bm015550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-[3,4-bis(n-alkan-1-yloxy)phenyl]-2-oxazolines with alkan = octan, decan, dodecan, and tridecan is presented. Their living cationic ring opening polymerization produces cylindrical macromolecules that self-organize in a hexagonal columnar two-dimensional phase. The structural analysis of these polymers was carried out by a combination of techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, thermal optical polarized microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, scanning force microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diameter of these cylindrical macromolecules ranges from 33 to 44 A, and therefore they represent the simplest cylindrical macromolecules that can be directly visualized by AFM on a surface. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the use of these cylindrical macromolecules as models to investigate the creation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional order via direct visualization and thus they represent the simplest nonbiological systems that mimic the role played by the complexes of nucleic acids with proteins in structural analysis by direct visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Percec
- Roy&Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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Duan H, Hudson SD, Ungar G, Holerca MN, Percec V. Definitive support by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and electron density maps for the formation of a BCC lattice from poly[N-[3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoyl]ethyleneimine]. Chemistry 2001; 7:4134-41. [PMID: 11686591 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011001)7:19<4134::aid-chem4134>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), and electron density maps (EDM) experiments were carried out on a poly[N-[3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoyl]ethyleneimine] [poly[(3,4,5)12G1-Oxz]] with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 20. All experiments confirmed the thermotropic body-centered cubic (BCC) Im3m lattice suggested previously by X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. The unit cell parameter determined by ED at 23 degrees C is a = 42.4 A, in good agreement with XRD results which show a = 42.6 A after quenching from 70 degrees C. EDM of the XRD results confirm that the supramolecular minidendrimer obtained from poly[(3,4,5)12G1-Oxz] adopts a spherical "inverse micellar-like" structure, with the polyethyleneimine backbone and the aromatic groups microsegregated and concentrated in the corners and in the center of the cubic unit cell. A space-filling continuum is realized by the n-alkyl groups that radiate out of the aromatic core of the spherical dendrimer. This manuscript is only the second example of complete structural analysis of a lattice generated from supramolecular objects and complements the previous example reported from our laboratory on the Pm3n lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Duan
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Burkhart BE, Gopalkrishnan PV, Hudson SD, Jamieson AM, Rother MA, Davis RH. Droplet growth by coalescence in binary fluid mixtures. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:098304. [PMID: 11531604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.098304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the drop-size distribution in immiscible fluid mixtures following well-specified shear histories is investigated by in situ microscopy, allowing determination of the shear-induced coalescence efficiency epsilon. At small capillary number Ca, epsilon is constant, whereas at larger values of Ca, epsilon decreases, in agreement with theory accounting for slight deformation of the drops in close approach. Coalescence causes the drop-size distribution to broaden in general, but greater deformation of the larger drops at high shear rates causes the drop-size distribution to remain narrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Burkhart
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, USA
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Hudson SD, Lovinger AJ, Gomez MA, Lorente J, Marco C, Fatou JG. Relationship between Mesophase and Semicrystalline Morphology in Smectic Liquid Crystalline Polymers Volume 27, Number 12, June 6, 1994, p 3357. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9520095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hudson SD, Larson RG. Monte Carlo simulation of a disclination core in nematic solutions of rodlike molecules. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 70:2916-2919. [PMID: 10053686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Clark JH, Hudson SD. Hypocalcemia as the initial manifestation of occult cholestatic liver disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1992; 31:428-31. [PMID: 1617868 DOI: 10.1177/000992289203100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912
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Hudson SD, Thomas EL. Disclination interaction in an applied field: Stabilization of the Lehmann cluster. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:8128-8140. [PMID: 9905965 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.8128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hudson SD, Thomas EL. Frank elastic-constant anisotropy measured from transmission-electron-microscope images of disclinations. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:1993-1996. [PMID: 10039829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Durig JR, Hudson SD, Jalilian MR, Li YS. Microwave, infrared, and Raman spectra, vibrational assignment, normal coordinate analysis, and barrier to internal rotation of dimethylphosphine‐d3. J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.441178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Durig JR, Hudson SD, Natter WJ. Analysis of torsional spectra of molecules with two C3v internal rotors. XIV. cis‐ and trans‐2‐butene. J Chem Phys 1979. [DOI: 10.1063/1.437402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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