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Hettel W, Golba G, Morrill D, Carlson D, Chang P, Wu TH, Diddams S, Kapteyn H, Murnane M, Hemmer M. Compact, ultrastable, high repetition-rate 2 μm and 3 μm fiber laser for seeding mid-IR OPCPA. Opt Express 2024; 32:4072-4080. [PMID: 38297615 DOI: 10.1364/oe.508127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We report a compact and reliable ultrafast fiber laser system optimized for seeding a high energy, 2 μm pumped, 3 μm wavelength optical parametric chirped pulse amplification to drive soft X-ray high harmonics. The system delivers 100 MHz narrowband 2 μm pulses with >1 nJ energy, synchronized with ultra-broadband optical pulses with a ∼1 μm FWHM spectrum centered at 3 μm with 39 pJ pulse energy. The 2 μm and 3 μm pulses are derived from a single 1.5 μm fiber oscillator, fully fiber integrated with free-space downconversion for the 3 μm. The system operates hands-off with power instabilities <0.2% over extended periods of time.
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Chou CW, Collopy AL, Kurz C, Lin Y, Harding ME, Plessow PN, Fortier T, Diddams S, Leibfried D, Leibrandt DR. Frequency-comb spectroscopy on pure quantum states of a single molecular ion. Science 2020; 367:1458-1461. [PMID: 32217722 PMCID: PMC10652508 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying molecules and is commonly performed on large thermal molecular ensembles that are perturbed by motional shifts and interactions with the environment and one another, resulting in convoluted spectra and limited resolution. Here, we use quantum-logic techniques to prepare a trapped molecular ion in a single quantum state, drive terahertz rotational transitions with an optical frequency comb, and read out the final state nondestructively, leaving the molecule ready for further manipulation. We can resolve rotational transitions to 11 significant digits and derive the rotational constant of 40CaH+ to be B R = 142 501 777.9(1.7) kilohertz. Our approach is suited for a wide range of molecular ions, including polyatomics and species relevant for tests of fundamental physics, chemistry, and astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Chou
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
| | - A L Collopy
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - C Kurz
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Y Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - M E Harding
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P N Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Fortier
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - S Diddams
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - D Leibfried
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - D R Leibrandt
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Yi X, Vahala K, Li J, Diddams S, Ycas G, Plavchan P, Leifer S, Sandhu J, Vasisht G, Chen P, Gao P, Gagne J, Furlan E, Bottom M, Martin EC, Fitzgerald MP, Doppmann G, Beichman C. Demonstration of a near-IR line-referenced electro-optical laser frequency comb for precision radial velocity measurements in astronomy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10436. [PMID: 26813804 PMCID: PMC4737846 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An important technique for discovering and characterizing planets beyond our solar system relies upon measurement of weak Doppler shifts in the spectra of host stars induced by the influence of orbiting planets. A recent advance has been the introduction of optical frequency combs as frequency references. Frequency combs produce a series of equally spaced reference frequencies and they offer extreme accuracy and spectral grasp that can potentially revolutionize exoplanet detection. Here we demonstrate a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on electro-optical modulation, with the comb centre wavelength stabilized to a molecular or atomic reference. In contrast to mode-locked combs, the line spacing is readily resolvable using typical astronomical grating spectrographs. Built using commercial off-the-shelf components, the instrument is relatively simple and reliable. Proof of concept experiments operated at near-infrared wavelengths were carried out at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Keck-II telescope. Laser frequency combs emit a spectrum of equally spaced peaks that can provide precise frequency references useful for astronomy. Here, the authors demonstrate a frequency comb using electro-optical modulation, which has a line spacing that is resolvable using grating spectrographs unlike the mode-locking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yi
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Vahala
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Diddams
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Ycas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Plavchan
- Department of Physics, Missouri State University, 901 S National Avenue, Springfield, Missouri 65897, USA
| | - S Leifer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Sandhu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - G Vasisht
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - P Chen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - P Gao
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Gagne
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, Washington, District of Columbia 20015, USA
| | - E Furlan
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Bottom
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E C Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M P Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Doppmann
- W.M. Keck Observatory, Kamuela, Hawaii 96743, USA
| | - C Beichman
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
We investigate the propagation of femtosecond pulses in a nonlinear, dispersive medium at powers several times greater than the critical power for self focusing. The combined effects of diffraction, normal dispersion and cubic nonlinearity lead to pulse splitting. We show that detailed theoretical description of the linear propagation of the pulse from the exit face of the nonlinear medium (near field) to the measuring device (far field) is crucial for quantitative interpretation of experimental data.
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