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Basnet A, Tamang B, Pokhrel N, Khadka S, Shrestha MR, Ghimire S, Prajapati R, Thapa S, Duwal Shrestha SK, Chand AB, Amatya I, Rai SK. First-Generation SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comparative Analysis between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:316-322. [PMID: 37042373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which have emerged due to several mutations in spike protein, have a potential to escape immune protection provided by the first-generation vaccines, thereby resulting in breakthrough infections. Objective To identify the socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and outcomes in both vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Method Socio-demographic details, clinical features, and the outcomes among fully vaccinated (double for Covishield/AstraZeneca and BBIBP-CorV and single for Janssen), partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Result Among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=299), 175 (58.5%) patients received a single-dose, 82 (27.4%) double-dose, and 124 (41.5%) did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccines. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was found to be associated among professional degree holders (23.4% versus 9.7%) (p<0.05), professional workers (43.4% vs. 25.0%) (p<0.05), hospitalization to general ward (76.6% vs. 72.6%) (p<0.05), and presence of multiple symptoms (> or equel 3) (86.8% vs. 75.0%) (p>0.05) and comorbidities (> or equal 2) (15.5% vs. 13.7%) (p>0.05). Despite such approximate incidences, the risk of in-hospital mortality among the vaccinated patients was reduced (0.6% vs. 3.2%) (p>0.05), when compared to the unvaccinated patients. The risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with the older age and the presence of multiple comorbidities including bronchial asthma, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion Full or partial vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns might be effective in preventing in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basnet
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Shankha marg, Kathmandu, Nepal. and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Tamang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Pokhrel
- Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Ramshah path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Khadka
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States. and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - M R Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Ghimire
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Prajapati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Thapa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S K Duwal Shrestha
- Department of Orthopedic, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A B Chand
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Gwarko, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - I Amatya
- Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Ramshah path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S K Rai
- Research Division, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Gokarneswor-08, Kathmandu, Nepal
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