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Smith ZK, Chung KY, Parr SL, Johnson BJ. Anabolic payout of terminal implant alters adipogenic gene expression of the longissimus muscle in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1197-1204. [PMID: 28380538 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the dose and payout pattern of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol-17β (E) on LM mRNA expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-ɑ (-ɑ), β, G protein-coupled receptor 41(), G protein-coupled receptor 43 (), γ, and stearoyl CoA desaturase () in finishing feedlot steers as indicators of adipogenesis and marbling development. British × Continental steers (n = 168; 14 pens/treatment; initial BW = 362 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included: no implant (NI), Revalor-S (REV-S; 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E), or Revalor-XS (REV-X; delayed release implant: 80 mg TBA + 16 mg E [uncoated], 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E [coated], 200 mg TBA + 40 mg E [total]). Steers were fed 1 time daily for an average of 164 d. The LM biopsies were collected (1 steer/pen) on d -1, 27, 55, and 111 relative to timing of implant. Total RNA was isolated from each sample and real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure quantity of -ɑ, β, , ,it, γ, and mRNA. No implant × day interactions were detected ( ≥ 0.19) in this experiment. Day impacted the mRNA expression of all adipogenic genes ( ≤ 0.02). The main effect of implant tended ( = 0.09) to influence expression of -ɑ, REV-X had an 8.8% increase over NI and an 18.7% increase over REV-S. Implant influenced ( = 0.03) mRNA expression of , expression of for the REV-X treatment was not different ( > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater ( ≤ 0.05) than REV-S (1.13, 1.00, and 0.67 ± 0.224 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. Implant also influenced ( = 0.02) expression of , expression of for REV-X was not different ( > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater ( ≤ 0.05) than REV-S (1.27, 1.07, and 0.72 ± 0.234 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. Implant influenced ( = 0.02) mRNA expression of γ in LM tissue, expression of γ for REV-X was not different ( > 0.10) from NI, and both were greater ( ≤ 0.05) than REV-S (1.09, 1.02, and 0.69 ± 0.195 arbitrary units) for REV-X, NI, and REV-S, respectively. The REV-X steers received the greatest anabolic dose of TBA + E without detriment to marbling scores. The increased mRNA expression of adipogenic genes for REV-X steers suggest that the delayed and gradual release of anabolic stimulants associated with REV-X might have mitigated decreases in marbling generally attributed to multiple combined TBA + E implants.
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Smith ZK, Chung KY, Parr SL, Johnson BJ. Anabolic payout of terminal implant alters adipogenic gene expression of the longissimus muscle in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Parr SL, Brown TR, Ribeiro FRB, Chung KY, Hutcheson JP, Blackwell BR, Smith PN, Johnson BJ. Biological responses of beef steers to steroidal implants and zilpaterol hydrochloride. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3348-63. [PMID: 24987078 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
British × Continental steers (n = 168; 7 pens/treatment; initial BW = 362 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of dose/payout pattern of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol-17β (E2) and feeding of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on serum urea-N (SUN), NEFA, IGF-I, and E2 concentrations and LM mRNA expression of the estrogen (ER), androgen (ANR), IGF-I (IGF-IR), β1-adrenergic (β1-AR), and β2-adrenergic (β2-AR) receptors and IGF-I. A randomized complete block design was used with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Main effects were implant (no implant [NI], Revalor-S [REV-S; 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E2], and Revalor-XS [REV-X; 200 mg TBA + 40 mg E2]) and ZH (0 or 8.3 mg/kg of DM for 20 d with a 3-d withdrawal). Steers were fed for 153 or 174 d. Blood was collected (2 steers/pen) at d -1, 2, 6, 13, 27, 55, 83, 111, and 131 relative to implanting; LM biopsies (1 steer/pen) were collected at d -1, 27, 55, and 111. Blood and LM samples were collected at d -1, 11, and 19 relative to ZH feeding. A greater dose of TBA + E2 in combination with ZH increased ADG and HCW in an additive manner, suggesting a different mechanism of action for ZH and steroidal implants. Implanting decreased (P < 0.05) SUN from d 2 through 131. Feeding ZH decreased (P < 0.05) SUN. Serum NEFA concentrations were not affected by implants (P = 0.44). There was a day × ZH interaction (P = 0.06) for NEFA; ZH steers had increased (P < 0.01) NEFA concentrations at d 11 of ZH feeding. Serum E2 was greater (P < 0.05) for implanted steers by d 27. Serum trenbolone-17β was greater (P < 0.05) for implanted steers by d 2 followed by a typical biphasic release rate, with a secondary peak at d 111 for REV-X (P < 0.05) implanted steers. Implanting did not affect mRNA expression of the ANR or ER, but the IGF-IR and the β1-AR and β2-AR were less (P < 0.05) for REV-S than NI at d 55 and β2-AR mRNA was less (P < 0.05) for REV-S than for REV-X. Expression of the IGF-IR and the β1-AR at d 111 was greater (P< 0.05) for REV-X than for REV-S and NI at d 111, and the β2-AR was less (P< 0.05) for REV-S than for REV-X. Feeding ZH did not affect mRNA expression of the β1-AR and β2-AR. Both implanting and feeding ZH decreased SUN, but a greater dose of TBA + E2 did not result in further decreases. In addition, feeding ZH increased serum NEFA concentrations. Metabolic changes resulting from implanting and feeding ZH may aid in explaining steer performance and carcass responses to these growth promotants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parr
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock 79415
| | - T R Brown
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock 79415
| | - F R B Ribeiro
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock 79415
| | - K Y Chung
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock 79415
| | | | - B R Blackwell
- Texas Tech University, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock 79409
| | - P N Smith
- Texas Tech University, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock 79409
| | - B J Johnson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock 79415
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Titgemeyer EC, Spivey KS, Parr SL, Brake DW, Jones ML. Relationship of whole body nitrogen utilization to urea kinetics in growing steers1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3515-26. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. L. Parr
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
| | | | - M. L. Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Chung KY, Baxa TJ, Parr SL, Luqué LD, Johnson BJ. Administration of estradiol, trenbolone acetate, and trenbolone acetate/estradiol implants alters adipogenic and myogenic gene expression in bovine skeletal muscle. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1421-7. [PMID: 22573834 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty crossbred yearling steers (421 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of implanting with trenbolone acetate (TBA; 120 mg), estradiol-17β (E(2); 25.7 mg), and a combination (120 mg of TBA and 24 mg of E(2)) on adipogenic and myogenic mRNA concentrations. Animals were blocked by BW and within each block were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. Animals were housed and fed in individual pens with 5 animals per treatment. All animals were weighed weekly, and muscle biopsy samples were taken from the LM of each steer on d 0 (before implantation), 7, 14, and 28. Total RNA was isolated from each sample and real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the quantity of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), myogenin, and 3 isoforms of bovine myosin heavy chain (MHC) mRNA. Total BW gain from the 28-d period was adjusted to d 0 by use of covariant analysis, and steers in the implant groups tended (P = 0.09) to have increased BW gain compared with nonimplanted control steers. Analysis of the gene expression of MHC showed that neither implant nor day (P > 0.20) had a significant effect on the expression of type I or IIX MHC mRNA There was also no treatment effect (P > 0.20) on MHC-IIA and myogenin, but increasing days on feed increased (P = 0.05) the expression of MHC-IIA mRNA. Relative mRNA abundance of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and SCD increased (P < 0.05) during days of feed but PPARγ decreased (P < 0.05) with the treatment of combined TBA/E(2) implant. Results of this study indicate that implanting with TBA, E(2), or both increased BW gain and decreased adipogenic gene expression of finishing steers without significantly affecting the concentration of type I, IIA, or IIX MHC mRNA. Increasing days on feed increased both MHC-IIA and adipogenic gene expression in bovine skeletal muscle biopsy samples. We conclude that administration of steroidal implants had no effect on the proportion of the 3 MHC mRNA isoforms but decreased C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and SCD mRNA in bovine skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Chung
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA
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Chung KY, Baxa TJ, Parr SL, Luqué LD, Johnson BJ. Administration of estradiol, trenbolone acetate, and trenbolone acetate/estradiol implants alters adipogenic and myogenic gene expression in bovine skeletal muscle1. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Y. Chung
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - T. J. Baxa
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - S. L. Parr
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - L. D. Luqué
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - B. J. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
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Garmyn AJ, Knobel SM, Spivey KS, Hightower LF, Brooks JC, Johnson BJ, Parr SL, Rathmann RJ, Starkey JD, Yates DA, Hodgen JM, Hutcheson JP, Miller MF. Warner-Bratzler and slice shear force measurements of 3 beef muscles in response to various aging periods after trenbolone acetate and estradiol implants and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation of finishing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3783-91. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quinn MJ, May ML, DiLorenzo N, Ponce CH, Smith DR, Parr SL, Galyean ML. Effects of roughage source and distillers grain concentration on beef cattle finishing performance, carcass characteristics, and in vitro fermentation1,2. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2631-42. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Parr SL, Chung KY, Hutcheson JP, Nichols WT, Yates DA, Streeter MN, Swingle RS, Galyean ML, Johnson BJ. Dose and release pattern of anabolic implants affects growth of finishing beef steers across days on feed1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:863-73. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Parr SL, Chung KY, Galyean ML, Hutcheson JP, DiLorenzo N, Hales KE, May ML, Quinn MJ, Smith DR, Johnson BJ. Performance of finishing beef steers in response to anabolic implant and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:560-70. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pampusch MS, White ME, Hathaway MR, Baxa TJ, Chung KY, Parr SL, Johnson BJ, Weber WJ, Dayton WR. Effects of implants of trenbolone acetate, estradiol, or both, on muscle insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, estrogen receptor-α, and androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in feedlot steers1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:3418-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a strategic dosing scheme in lowering the incidence of fasciolosis on a mixed dry-stock farm and in maintaining the reduced incidence following a reduction in dosing intensity. Two neighbouring farms with a history of chronic fluke disease were selected, the strategic dosing scheme being implemented on one (the trial farm) while the other (the control farm) continued to treat according to its normal practice. The strategic dosing scheme was designed to suppress the faecal egg output of Fasciola hepatica at critical times of the year in order to limit infection of the intermediate host snail population and thus reduce the subsequent contamination of the pasture with metacercariae. On the trial farm cattle and sheep were treated three times per year for the first 2 years at approximately 8 week intervals, starting in March of each year. A fourth treatment was given when the cattle were housed and out-wintered sheep received an additional treatment in January. In Years 3 and 4 the dosing intensity was reduced. By the end of Year 2, data from faecal egg counts, tracer-sheep fluke burdens and snail infection levels indicated that the treatment strategy had succeeded in suppressing the fluke population and eliminating the occurrence of clinical fasciolosis. The decrease in dosing intensity in Years 3 and 4 maintained both stock and snail infections at low levels and there was no re-emergence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Parr
- Department Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.
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Parr SL, Gray JS, Sheehan P, Simon AJ. Effect of doramectin on the performance of cattle exposed to gastrointestinal worms and lungworms in Ireland. Vet Rec 1995; 137:617-8. [PMID: 8746853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Parr
- Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Abstract
Two in vivo drug resistance assays were developed using gerbils. Cross resistance, involving related babesicides as well as the chemically unrelated antibiotic, oxytetracycline, was demonstrated, but the suggestion that imidocarb may select for pathogenic strains of parasites was not supported. Limited tests of field strains did not detect resistance. It is suggested that an in vitro assay would be more appropriate for surveys through in vivo assays would be essential for confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gray
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, University College, Dublin, Ireland
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