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Rosati P, Basa S, Blain AW, Bozzo E, Branchesi M, Christensen L, Ferrara A, Gomboc A, O’Brien PT, Osborne JP, Rossi A, Schüssler F, Spurio M, Stergioulas N, Stratta G, Amati L, Casewell S, Ciolfi R, Ghirlanda G, Grimm S, Guetta D, Harms J, Le Floc’h E, Longo F, Maggiore M, Mereghetti S, Oganesyan G, Salvaterra R, Tanvir NR, Turriziani S, Vergani SD, Balman S, Caruana J, Erkut MH, Guidorzi G, Frontera F, Martin-Carrillo A, Paltani S, Porquet D, Sergijenko O. Synergies of THESEUS with the large facilities of the 2030s and guest observer opportunities. Exp Astron (Dordr) 2021; 52:407-437. [PMID: 35153378 PMCID: PMC8807471 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The proposed THESEUS mission will vastly expand the capabilities to monitor the high-energy sky. It will specifically exploit large samples of gamma-ray bursts to probe the early universe back to the first generation of stars, and to advance multi-messenger astrophysics by detecting and localizing the counterparts of gravitational waves and cosmic neutrino sources. The combination and coordination of these activities with multi-wavelength, multi-messenger facilities expected to be operating in the 2030s will open new avenues of exploration in many areas of astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics, thus adding considerable strength to the overall scientific impact of THESEUS and these facilities. We discuss here a number of these powerful synergies and guest observer opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rosati
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - S. Basa
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
| | - A. W. Blain
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - E. Bozzo
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - M. Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - L. Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - A. Ferrara
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Gomboc
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - P. T. O’Brien
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - J. P. Osborne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - A. Rossi
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Spurio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - N. Stergioulas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G. Stratta
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Amati
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Casewell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - R. Ciolfi
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - G. Ghirlanda
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, LC Italy
| | - S. Grimm
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - D. Guetta
- ORT Braude, Karmiel, Israel
- Physics Department, University of Ariel, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
| | - J. Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - E. Le Floc’h
- AIM, CEA-Irfu/DAp, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F. Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Maggiore
- Départment de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ansermet, CH–1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S. Mereghetti
- INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Oganesyan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - R. Salvaterra
- INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N. R. Tanvir
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - S. Turriziani
- Physics Department, Gubkin Russian State University, 65 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - S. D. Vergani
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S. Balman
- Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Beyazit, 34119 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J. Caruana
- Department of Physics and Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080 Malta
| | - M. H. Erkut
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. Guidorzi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F. Frontera
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Martin-Carrillo
- School of Physics and Centre for Space Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S. Paltani
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - D. Porquet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
| | - O. Sergijenko
- Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str., 3, Kyiv, 04053 Ukraine
- Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho str., 27, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
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Kaastra JS, Kriss GA, Cappi M, Mehdipour M, Petrucci PO, Steenbrugge KC, Arav N, Behar E, Bianchi S, Boissay R, Branduardi-Raymont G, Chamberlain C, Costantini E, Ely JC, Ebrero J, Di Gesu L, Harrison FA, Kaspi S, Malzac J, De Marco B, Matt G, Nandra K, Paltani S, Person R, Peterson BM, Pinto C, Ponti G, Pozo Nuñez F, De Rosa A, Seta H, Ursini F, de Vries CP, Walton DJ, Whewell M. Active galaxies. A fast and long-lived outflow from the supermassive black hole in NGC 5548. Science 2014; 345:64-8. [PMID: 24994647 DOI: 10.1126/science.1253787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Supermassive black holes in the nuclei of active galaxies expel large amounts of matter through powerful winds of ionized gas. The archetypal active galaxy NGC 5548 has been studied for decades, and high-resolution x-ray and ultraviolet (UV) observations have previously shown a persistent ionized outflow. An observing campaign in 2013 with six space observatories shows the nucleus to be obscured by a long-lasting, clumpy stream of ionized gas not seen before. It blocks 90% of the soft x-ray emission and causes simultaneous deep, broad UV absorption troughs. The outflow velocities of this gas are up to five times faster than those in the persistent outflow, and, at a distance of only a few light days from the nucleus, it may likely originate from the accretion disk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kaastra
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universiteit Utrecht, Post Office Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - G A Kriss
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - M Cappi
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (IASF) Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mehdipour
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K C Steenbrugge
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avenida Angamos 0610, Casilla 1280, Antofagasta, Chile. Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - N Arav
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E Behar
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - S Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - R Boissay
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 16 Chemin d'Ecogia, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - G Branduardi-Raymont
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - C Chamberlain
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E Costantini
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J C Ely
- Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - J Ebrero
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. European Space Astronomy Centre, Post Office Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Di Gesu
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F A Harrison
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S Kaspi
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - J Malzac
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planélogie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. CNRS, IRAP, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - B De Marco
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Matt
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - K Nandra
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Paltani
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, 16 Chemin d'Ecogia, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - R Person
- 22 Impasse du Bois Joli, 74410 St. Jorioz, France
| | - B M Peterson
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Pinto
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - G Ponti
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Pozo Nuñez
- Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - A De Rosa
- INAF/Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - H Seta
- Research Center for Measurement in Advanced Science, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Physics, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - F Ursini
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C P de Vries
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D J Walton
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M Whewell
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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Le Fèvre O, Paltani S, Arnouts S, Charlot S, Foucaud S, Ilbert O, McCracken HJ, Zamorani G, Bottini D, Garilli B, Le Brun V, Maccagni D, Picat JP, Scaramella R, Scodeggio M, Tresse L, Vettolani G, Zanichelli A, Adami C, Bardelli S, Bolzonella M, Cappi A, Ciliegi P, Contini T, Franzetti P, Gavignaud I, Guzzo L, Iovino A, Marano B, Marinoni C, Mazure A, Meneux B, Merighi R, Pellò R, Pollo A, Pozzetti L, Radovich M, Zucca E, Arnaboldi M, Bondi M, Bongiorno A, Busarello G, Gregorini L, Lamareille F, Mathez G, Mellier Y, Merluzzi P, Ripepi V, Rizzo D. A large population of galaxies 9 to 12 billion years back in the history of the Universe. Nature 2005; 437:519-21. [PMID: 16177783 DOI: 10.1038/nature03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To understand the evolution of galaxies, we need to know as accurately as possible how many galaxies were present in the Universe at different epochs. Galaxies in the young Universe have hitherto mainly been identified using their expected optical colours, but this leaves open the possibility that a significant population remains undetected because their colours are the result of a complex mix of stars, gas, dust or active galactic nuclei. Here we report the results of a flux-limited I-band survey of galaxies at look-back times of 9 to 12 billion years. We find 970 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts between 1.4 and 5. This population is 1.6 to 6.2 times larger than previous estimates, with the difference increasing towards brighter magnitudes. Strong ultraviolet continua (in the rest frame of the galaxies) indicate vigorous star formation rates of more than 10-100 solar masses per year. As a consequence, the cosmic star formation rate representing the volume-averaged production of stars is higher than previously measured at redshifts of 3 to 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Le Fèvre
- Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, UMR6110, CNRS, Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I, BP8, F-13376 Marseille cedex 12, France.
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