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Edalati E, Saneei B, Alizadeh M, Hosseini SS, Zahedi Bialvaei A, Taheri K. Isolation of probiotic bacteria from raw camel's milk and their antagonistic effects on two bacteria causing food poisoning. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 27:64-68. [PMID: 30622712 PMCID: PMC6317326 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the main classes of acid-producing organisms in the food industry, and they play a vital part in many food and feed fermentations. We isolated and performed molecular identification of LAB from raw camel's milk and assessed their protective effects against pathogenicity induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Fourteen samples of camel's milk were obtained from several districts under aseptic conditions. Bacteria isolation was performed by plating the samples on selective media. Isolates were identified by amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA by PCR and sequencing. A total of 32 isolates were randomly picked, eight of which were analysed in this study. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic methods, isolated LAB was included Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Weissella paramesenteroides and Weissella confuse. Antagonistic activity of isolated LAB against two pathogenic bacteria showed that they had more inhibitory activity against S. aureus subsp. aureus PTCC 1431 than E. coli ATCC 25922. This study discovered that raw camel's milk obtained from three districts of Kerman province contain LAB bacteria that have antagonistic properties on S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Edalati
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran
| | - B Saneei
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - M Alizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran
| | - S S Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - A Zahedi Bialvaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Taheri
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Kardan MR, Fathabdi N, Attarilar A, Esmaeili-Gheshlaghi MT, Karimi M, Najafi A, Hosseini SS. A national survey of natural radionuclides in soils and terrestrial radiation exposure in Iran. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:168-176. [PMID: 28843952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past, some efforts have been made for measuring natural radioactivity and evaluating public exposure to natural radiation in certain areas of Iran especially in well-known High Level Natural Radiation Areas (HLNRA) in Ramsar and Mahallat. However, the information on radionuclide concentrations, and, consequently, terrestrial radiation exposure for many other areas are not available. There was therefore a need for a systematic and nation-wide survey. For this purpose, 979 soil samples from 31 provinces were collected. The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were measured by HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations for Iran were found to be 457.7 Bq/kg for 40K, 24.3 Bq/kg for 226Ra and 25.8 Bq/kg for 232Th. Results were compared with previous regional or provincial surveys. The population-weighted average outdoor and indoor annual effective dose due to external exposure to terrestrial sources of radiation are 0.06 mSv and 0.33 mSv, respectively. It was shown that there is a significant correlation between the activity concentrations of 232Th and 40K in soil. In addition, the results of chi square tests show normal and lognormal distributions cannot be considered for the frequency distributions of activity concentration of 232Th and 226 Ra while 40K has a normal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kardan
- Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Fathabdi
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Attarilar
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Karimi
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Najafi
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
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Gooniband Shooshtari M, Deevband MR, Kardan MR, Fathabadi N, Salehi AA, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, Karimi M, Hosseini SS. Analytical study of 226Ra activity concentration in market consuming foodstuffs of Ramsar, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2017; 15:19. [PMID: 28904802 PMCID: PMC5590218 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-017-0281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramsar, a city of Iran located on the coast of the Caspian Sea, has been considered to be enormously important due to its high natural radioactivity levels. People living in High Level Natural Radiation Areas (HLNRAs) have been exposed by several sources, one of which could be foodstuff. However, many studies have been carried out to measure the environmental radioactivity in Ramsar, but no survey has been conducted in all stapled consumed foods yet. This study was dedicated to determine 226Ra activity concentration in the daily diets of Ramsar residents as a probable exposure. METHODS Approximately 70 different market samples were collected during the four seasons based on the daily consumption patterns of residents which have the highest consumption and their availability in the seasons. All samples, after washing, drying and pretreatment, were analyzed for 226Ra radionuclide determination by α-spectrometry. RESULTS The mean radioactivity concentration of 226Ra ranged between 7 ± 1 mBq Kg-1 wet weight in meat, and 318 ± 118 mBq Kg-1 for tea dry leaves. The 226Ra activity concentrations in collected samples varied from below the minimum detectable activity up to 530 ± 30 mBq Kg-1. To compare the results with United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reference values, the 226Ra activity concentrations concluded from the results appear to be higher in milk, chicken and eggs and less in grain products, vegetables, fruits and fish products. These results indicate that no significant 226Ra contamination is present in market foodstuffs and provide reference values for the foodstuffs in Ramsar. CONCLUSIONS Of the total daily dietary 226Ra exposure from market consuming foodstuffs for adults in Ramsar, the largest percentage was from wheat. The residents consuming wheat and manufacturing wheat products such as bread, pasta, porridge, crackers, biscuits, pancakes, pies, pastries, cakes, cookies, muffins, rolls, doughnuts, breakfast cereals and so on may receive an elevated dose in the diet. In conclusion, with regards to presence of 226Ra in foodstuffs it is necessary to monitor regularly the activity of 226Ra in foodstuffs including market and local foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gooniband Shooshtari
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicin, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. R. Deevband
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicin, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. R. Kardan
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Fathabadi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER)Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Environmental Radiological Protection Division, National Radiation Protection Department, Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran, Iran
| | - A. A. Salehi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - K. Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER)Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Yunesian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER)Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R. Nabizadeh Nodehi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER)Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Karimi
- Environmental Radiological Protection Division, National Radiation Protection Department, Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran, Iran
| | - S. S. Hosseini
- Environmental Radiological Protection Division, National Radiation Protection Department, Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Tehran, Iran
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Boldaji MR, Mahvi AH, Dobaradaran S, Hosseini SS. Evaluating the effectiveness of a hybrid sorbent resin in removing fluoride from water. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03326103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Hosseini SS, Ghorbani M, Ghahremanzadeh M. Determination of soil conservation effects on shadow price of soil quality in dry-farmed wheat in Iran (a case study). Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:458-462. [PMID: 18817173 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.458.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to measure the effects of soil conservation practices on soil quality in dry-farmed wheat in Iran (Zanjan province) using a bio-economic production function. Because of the nature of data (panel data) and information used in this study, error components approach (REM method) was used for estimating the production functions. The results indicate that the shadow price increases with soil depth and its magnitude is greater 72% in average--in conserved soils compared to non-conserved ones. In fact the results support the effectiveness of soil conservation in improving physical, chemical and biochemical properties of soil which contributes to sustainable agriculture. Finally, soil conservation benefits were estimated to be about 29.98 dollar pre hectare. That may be use for extension, payment of green subsidy, investment and adoption of new technologies for soil conservation. In this way, it will increase the real value of farm and farmer's welfare.
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Tobey NA, Argote CM, Hosseini SS, Orlando RC. Calcium-switch technique and junctional permeability in native rabbit esophageal epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 286:G1042-9. [PMID: 14739143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00387.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-switch technique was used to investigate the nature of the barrier governing (paracellular) permeability across the junctions of "native" rabbit esophageal epithelium. This was done by mounting esophageal epithelium in Ussing chambers to monitor transepithelial electrical resistance (R(T)), a marker of junctional permeability. When exposed to Ca(2+)-free Ringer solutions containing EDTA, R(T) declined approximately 35% below baseline over 2 h, and this decline reversed within 2 h by restoration of (1.2 mM) Ca(2+)-containing, normal Ringer solution ("Ca(2+)-switch technique"). Junctional resealing, i.e., increased R(T) on Ca(2+) replacement, was assessed by the Ca(2+)-switch technique and shown to be 1) specific for Ca(2+), with only Mn(2+) among substituted divalent cations yielding partial resealing; 2) a function of extracellular Ca(2+) levels because maneuvers (BAPTA/AM or A23187 exposure) to alter intracellular Ca(2+) had no effect; 3) dose dependent, requiring as a minimum > or =0.5 mM Ca(2+) and 1.2 mM Ca(2+) for optimization; and 4) independent of protein synthesis because it was not inhibited by cycloheximide. Resealing was also inhibited by luminal antibodies or synthetic peptides to the extracellular domain of E-cadherin. Immunohistochemistry revealed E-cadherin within all layers of stratum corneum in Ca(2+)-free but not Ca(2+)-containing solution. The present investigation documents, using the Ca(2+)-switch technique, that esophageal epithelial junctions contain a major Ca(2+)-dependent component and that this component reflects adhesion between the extracellular domains of E-cadherin containing a histidine-alanine-valine recognition sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tobey
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, and the Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Tobey NA, Hosseini SS, Argote CM, Dobrucali AM, Awayda MS, Orlando RC. Dilated intercellular spaces and shunt permeability in nonerosive acid-damaged esophageal epithelium. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99:13-22. [PMID: 14687135 DOI: 10.1046/j.1572-0241.2003.04018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has recently been established that patients with nonerosive reflux disease have on biopsy within esophageal epithelium a lesion known as dilated intercellular spaces (DIS). METHODS To further explore the nature and implications of this lesion, in vitro models of nonerosive acid and acid-pepsin damage were created in Ussing chamber-mounted rabbit esophageal epithelium. Using these models circuit analysis and permeability studies were carried out, the latter using dextran of varying size and human epidermal growth factor (EGF). RESULTS Luminal HCl, pH 1.1, or HCl, pH 2.0 + pepsin, 1 mg/ml, for 30 min significantly reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (RT) but produced no gross erosions or histologic evidence of cell necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy, however, documented the presence of DIS. Circuit analysis on healthy esophageal epithelium showed that shunt resistance (RS) was much lower than apical membrane, basolateral membrane and transcellular resistances (Ra, Rb, and Rcell, respectively) and approached that of RT. Further, circuit analysis on acid and acid-pepsin damaged tissues showed that the declines in RT resulted from declines in RS. Moreover, the declines in RT (and so RS) were associated with a linear increase in permeability to 4 kD dextrans as well as an increase in permeability to 6 kD EGF and dextrans as large as 20 kD. CONCLUSIONS In nonerosive acid-damaged esophageal epithelium DIS develop in association with and as a marker of reduced transepithelial resistance and increased shunt permeability. This change in shunt permeability upon acid or acid-pepsin exposure is substantial, permitting dextran molecules as large as 20 kD (33 A) to diffuse across the epithelium. Also, this shunt leak enables luminal EGF at 6 kD to diffuse across the acid-damaged epithelium and by so doing enables it to access its receptors on epithelial basal cells. We hypothesize that the shunt leak of EGF may in part account for the development of a reparative phenomenon on esophageal biopsy in patients with nonerosive reflux disease known as basal cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tobey
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of reflux esophagitis in humans is a process resulting from esophageal exposure to refluxed gastric contents. There is no doubt that damage to the esophageal epithelium requires exposure to gastric acid; however, the role of refluxed pepsin as contributor to this damage seems to be underappreciated. METHODS The role of physiological concentrations of pepsin was examined in Ussing chambered rabbit esophageal epithelium and in cultured esophageal epithelial cells. RESULTS The results of this investigation reaffirmed the ability of pepsin to increase the rate and degree of esophageal cell and tissue damage at acidic pH, although the range of activity was limited to pH < 3.0. Moreover, the increased rate of tissue damage by acidified pepsin rapidly (within 15 min) produced a lesion that was irreversible, whereas, in a similar time frame, acid alone produced a lesion that was completely reversible. This early lesion by acidified pepsin was localized by performance of mannitol fluxes in apparently undamaged esophageal epithelium on light microscopy to the intercellular junctional complex. Further acid produced similar degrees of cell killing as acidified pepsin at pH < 3.0 in rabbit esophageal epithelial cells in suspension but not when growing on coverslips or present within intact epithelium. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that acidified pepsin plays a key role in the development of reflux esophagitis by producing an early irreversible lesion that results in an increase in paracellular permeability, which indirect evidence suggests is due to damage to the junctional complex. The irreversibility of the increase in paracellular permeability is likely to aid conversion of nonerosive to erosive damage to the epithelium by permitting luminal acid greater access to the basolateral membrane of esophageal epithelial cells, which is known to be acid permeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tobey
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin is measured by a variety of assays, each of which has a unique normal level. Our purpose is to show that among the different assays available in the United States, using the same patient's blood sample, assay results may vary widely and may more or less easily achieve a glycated hemoglobin value within the normal range. The following assays were compared using the same patient's blood sample for each pair of assays: glycohemoglobin affinity assay (GHB Reader; Isolab, Akron, OH) versus gel electrophoresis assay (n = 76); Isolab versus ion capture assay (IMX; Abbott Laboratories, Irving, TX) (n = 57); monoclonal antibody assay (DCA2000; Bayer Diagnostics, Pittsburgh, PA) versus IMX (n = 100); and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay (Bio-Rad Variant A1c; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA) versus IMX assay (n = 55). Our analyses indicate that a relative ranking can be established for the ease of achieving a normal glycated hemoglobin level. The ranking indicates that the most stringent or difficult assays for achieving a normal level are the Isolab and DCA2000 assays. The intermediate assays are the IMX and Bio-Rad Variant, and the easiest method for achieving a normal value is the gel electrophoresis assay. Our results indicate that various glycated hemoglobin assays vary widely and are associated with more or less difficulty for an individual patient to achieve a glycated hemoglobin level within the normal range. These results are especially significant with respect to (1) the clinically narrow therapeutic window of glycated hemoglobin values in type 1 diabetes to avoid rapidly advancing severe hypoglycemia rates and chronic microvascular complication rates, and (2) the glycated hemoglobin threshold for rapidly advancing macrovascular disease in both type 1 and type 2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hosseini
- Diabetes Research Program and the Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
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Abstract
Hot beverages expose the esophageal epithelium to temperatures as high as 58 degrees C. To study the impact of such temperatures, rabbit esophageal epithelium was exposed to luminal heat or both luminal and serosal heat while mounted in Ussing chambers. Luminal heat, mimicking exposure to hot beverages, reduced potential difference (PD) and resistance (R) when applied at >/=49 degrees C and reduced short-circuit current (Isc) at >/=60 degrees C. At >/=60 degrees C, subepithelial blisters developed. Higher temperatures reduced R only moderately and reversibly. In contrast, the Isc declined sharply and irreversibly once threshold was reached. Luminal and serosal heat also reduced PD, Isc, and R, although the threshold for reduction in Isc was now similar to that for R. Additionally, luminal and serosal heat reduced Isc more than R for any given temperature and resulted in blisters at lower temperatures (50 degrees C) than luminal heat alone. The heat-induced decline in Isc was attributed in part to inactivation of Na-K-ATPase activity, although other transport systems could have been equally affected, and the decline in R to an increase in paracellular permeability. The latter effect on R also contributed to an increase in tissue sensitivity to luminal acid damage. Consumption of hot beverages exposes the esophagus to temperatures that can negatively impact epithelial structure and function. Impaired barrier function by heat increases the risk of esophageal damage by subsequent contact with (refluxed) gastric acid. These findings help explain in part the association between esophageal disease and consumption of hot beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tobey
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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