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Aslanyan V, Keresztes K, Feldman C, Pearson JF, Willingale R, Martindale A, Sembay S, Osborne JP, Sachdev SS, Bicknell CL, Houghton PR, Crawford T, Chornay D. Design and implementation of electron diverters for lobster eye space-based X-ray optics. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:124502. [PMID: 31893794 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micropore optics have recently been implemented in a lobster eye geometry as a compact X-ray telescope. Fields generated by rare-earth magnets are used to reduce the flux of energetic electrons incident upon the focal plane detector in such a setup. We present the design and implementation of the electron diverters for X-ray telescopes of two upcoming missions: the microchannel X-ray telescope onboard the space-based multiband astronomical variable objects monitor and the soft X-ray instrument onboard the solar wind magnetosphere ionosphere link explorer. Electron diverters must be configured to conform to stringent limits on their total magnetic dipole moment and be compensated for any net moment arising from manufacturing errors. The two missions have differing designs, which are presented and evaluated in terms of the fractions of electrons reaching the detector, as determined by relativistic calculations of electron trajectories. The differential flux of electrons to the detector is calculated, and the integrated electron background is determined for both designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aslanyan
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - K Keresztes
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Feldman
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J F Pearson
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - R Willingale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Martindale
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Sembay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J P Osborne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S S Sachdev
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C L Bicknell
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - P R Houghton
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - T Crawford
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Chornay
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Das S, Sakhare N, Mathur A, Mallia MB, Mirapurkar S, Sheela M, Sarma HD, Sachdev SS, Dash A. Synthesis and evaluation of 99mTc-analogues of [ 123/131I]mIBG prepared via [ 99mTc][Tc(CO) 3(H 2O) 3] + synthon for targeting norepinephrine transporter. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 68-69:49-57. [PMID: 30770228 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION meta-[123/131I]Iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) is a clinical agent used for imaging neuroendocrine tumors, where uptake in tumor is via active transport mechanism through norepinephrine transporters (NET). Our group in past have evaluated a 99mTc-analogue of the above tracer, based on 99mTc-4 + 1 labeling approach, which exhibited significant affinity for NET but suffered from reduced specific uptake in comparison to reference standard no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [125I]mIBG. The present work attempts to synthesize two new 99mTc-analogues of the radio-iodinated derivative following [99mTc]Tc(CO)31+ approach with an aim to improve the above specific uptake content. METHODS Two different precursors, xylylenediamine and 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)benzene, were synthetically modified to yield meta-functionalized benzylguanidine derivatives bearing iminodiacetate (IDA) and aminoethylglycine (AEG) tridentate chelating moieties, respectively. These ligands were labeled with technetium-99m via [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ synthon to form desired radioactive complexes 9 and 10. The radiolabeling yields of the complexes obtained were >90% as confirmed by radio-HPLC. The HPLC purified complexes were used for in vitro and in vivo evaluation to understand the true biological efficacy. Structural characterization of the radiolabeled complexes was carried after synthesizing and characterizing their Re-analogues. RESULTS Cell uptake studies with the radiolabeled complexes in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell lines revealed reduced uptake in the cells (<1% of incubated radioactivity/106 cells) in comparison to n.c.a. [125I]mIBG (~12%). However, limited specificity (~60%) was observed for the complexes as ascertained through desmethylimipramine (DMI) inhibition. Biodistribution studies in normal Wistar rats exhibited desired non-target clearance pharmacokinetics for the complexes but in vivo NET efficacy in myocardium for the neutral complex 10 could not be established. CONCLUSIONS Tridentate [99mTc]Tc(CO)31+ chelation approach severely affects biological behavior of the present small bioactive molecule under study to a significant extent in comparison to monodentate ligation in 99mTc-4 + 1 strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Navin Sakhare
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India.
| | - Madhava B Mallia
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India; Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Shubhangi Mirapurkar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - M Sheela
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - H D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S S Sachdev
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Navi Mumbai 400703, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India; Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Sakhare N, Das S, Mathur A, Mirapurkar S, Paradkar S, Sarma HD, Sachdev SS. Synthesis and characterization of a novel 99mTc analogue of *I-mIBG showing affinity for nor-epinephrine transport positive tumors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
123I/131I labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) is a radiopharmaceutical used for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) related to neural crest origin. Present work evaluates a newly synthesized 99mTc analogue of this radioiodinated derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Sakhare
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi-Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Soumen Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi-Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi-Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Shubhangi Mirapurkar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi-Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Shalaka Paradkar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi-Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Science Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - S. S. Sachdev
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi-Mumbai-400703
- India
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Mathur A, Sharma AK, Murhekar VV, Mallia MB, Pawade S, Sarma HD, Chaudhari P, Sachdev SS, Banerjee S. Syntheses and biological evaluation of99mTc-HYNIC-fatty acid complexes for myocardial imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to identify a99mTc-labeled fatty acid tracer which could be a possible substitute of the widely used123I-labeled fatty acids in studying myocardial metabolism and in detection of myocardial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Abhishek K. Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - V. V. Murhekar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Madhava B. Mallia
- Radipharmaceuticals Chemistry Section
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Shital Pawade
- Advanced Centre for Treatment
- Research & Education in Cancer
- Tata Memorial Centre
- Navi Mumbai-410210
- India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment
- Research & Education in Cancer
- Tata Memorial Centre
- Navi Mumbai-410210
- India
| | - S. S. Sachdev
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
- Navi Mumbai-400703
- India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Radipharmaceuticals Chemistry Section
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
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Gnanasekar R, Paradkar S, Kadwad V, Bapat K, Samuel G, Sachdev SS, Sivaprasad N. Development of a simple method for the immobilization of anti-thyroxine antibody on polystyrene tubes for use in the measurement of total thyroxine in serum. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bagchi S, Sachdev SS, Nalwa A, Das CJ, Sinha S, Suri V, Mahajan S, Bhowmik D, Agarwal S. Multiple intracranial space-occupying lesions in a renal transplant recipient from an area endemic for tuberculosis (TB): TB vs. toxoplasmosis. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:838-42. [PMID: 25040057 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients may present with intracranial space-occupying lesions (SOLs) due to infections as well as a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Here, we discuss a renal transplant recipient who presented with neurologic symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed multiple focal SOLs. Tuberculosis (TB), toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, fungal infections, and PTLD were considered in the differential diagnosis. MRI spectroscopy was suggestive of an infectious cause, such as toxoplasmosis or TB. Serologic tests using Toxoplasma were negative. A brain biopsy followed by immunohistochemical staining using Toxoplasma antibody demonstrated multiple intravascular cysts of toxoplasma. This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma in an immunocompromised patient with multiple focal brain lesions, especially in areas where TB is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagchi
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Murhekar VV, Mathur A, Prabhakar G, Karkhanis BP, Pilkhwal NS, Tiwari BK, Padmanabhan D, Samuel G, Sachdev SS. Specific activity determination and stability studies of therapeutic 131I-mIBG radiopharmaceutical. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pandey PM, Sachdev SS, Ramamoorthy N, Lal R, Ranganatha DK, Narasimhan S, Oommen R, Gunasekaran S, Nair NA. Formulation and evaluation of a two-components lyophilized kit for Tc-sestamibi: transchelation preparation of Tc-99m-sestamibi. Nucl Med Biol 1997; 24:697-700. [PMID: 9352543 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Pandey
- Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), BARC Vashi Complex, Navi Mumbai, India
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Ramanathan P, Patel RB, Subrahmanyam N, Nayak UN, Sachdev SS, Ramamoorthy N. Visualization of suppressed thyroid tissue by technetium-99m-tertiary butyl isonitrile: an alternative to post-TSH stimulation scanning. J Nucl Med 1990; 31:1163-5. [PMID: 2362195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) is a discrete, nodular structure which operates independently of pituitary control and without relation to the remaining thyroid tissue. Presently, for the visualization of a suppressed thyroid lobe, a patient has to undergo the thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation test, which has several disadvantages. In this study we have used tertiary butyl isonitrile (99mTc-TBI), well known as a myocardial imaging agent, for visualization of the suppressed lobe. Thirteen of fourteen patients studied demonstrated a contralateral lobe on a 99mTc-TBI scan which was not visualized with a 99mTc0(4) or 131I scan. Although it is not possible to demonstrate the autonomous nature of the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule using 99mTc-TBI, we conclude that it is feasible to use this agent to visualize the lobe without the TSH test.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramanathan
- Radiation Medicine Centre, (B.A.R.C.), Tata Memorial Centre Annexe, Parel, Bombay, India
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Sachdev SS, Ramamoorthy N, Nayak UN, Patel RB, Ramanathan P, Srivastava S, Lal R, Raghavan SV, Shah KB, Desai CN. Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc-t-butylisonitrile (99mTc-TBI) for myocardial imaging: a kit for hospital radiopharmacy. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1990; 17:543-52. [PMID: 2254092 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(90)90130-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A previous method was modified to obtain [99mTc(TBI)6]+ by reacting Zn(TBI)2Br2 directly with 99mTcO4- in the presence of Sn2+ ions. [Cu(TBI)4]Cl was next used as a source of TBI. On reaction with 99mTcO4- and Sn2+ ions for 3 min at 100 degrees C, [99mTc(TBI)6]+ product of radiochemical purity greater than 90% and yield greater than 70% was obtained. Data of biodistribution in rats (2-2.5% in heart) and biokinetics in rabbits were satisfactory. The kit formulation was found to be stable and also safe for administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sachdev
- Isopharm, Radiopharmaceuticals Operations, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, BARC Vashi Complex, New Bombay, India
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Wedin GP, Pennente CM, Sachdev SS. Renal involvement in organophosphate poisoning. JAMA 1984; 252:1408. [PMID: 6471259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Sachdev SS, Sharma KB, Bhasin RC, Sapra SM. A study of immune status in rheumatoid arthritis. J Assoc Physicians India 1976; 24:69-75. [PMID: 1002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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