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Khien VV, Mao HV, Chinh TT, Ha PT, Bang MH, Lac BV, Hop TV, Tuan NA, Don LV, Taketa K, Satomura S. Clinical Evaluation of Lentil Lectin-Reactive Alpha-Fetoprotein-L3 in Histology-Proven Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 16:105-11. [PMID: 11471892 DOI: 10.1177/172460080101600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a useful marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the serum AFP concentration is also increased in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD). The analysis of AFP glycoforms has been known to be of diagnostic value. We applied the lectin-affinity electrophoresis and antibody-affinity blotting techniques to HCC patients in Vietnam in order to better understand the role of lentil lectin-affinity AFP-L3 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HCC, and its relationship with the biological characteristics of HCC. Methods Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3) was measured in 65 patients with histologically proven HCC and 25 patients with CLD. All patients had serum AFP levels above 54 ng/mL. AFP-L3 levels were determined by lectin affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody-affinity blotting. The diagnosis of HCC was confirmed histologically by ultrasound-guided biopsy. Results The mean value of AFP-L3 in the HCC patients was 49.6 ± 21.6%, which was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that in the 25 CLD patients (10.7 ± 4.3%). When the cutoff level for AFP-L3 was set at 15% (mean ± SD), the sensitivity was 96.9%, the specificity 92.0% and the accuracy 95.5% in the 65 HCC patients. There was no clear correlation between serum AFP level and AFP-L3 percentage (r=0.16). There was no correlation between AFP-L3 and the maximum diameter of HCC nodules (r=0.05). However, the mean AFP-L3 value was higher in moderately or poorly differentiated HCC than in well differentiated tumors (p<0.001). Conclusions AFP-L3 is potentially a clinically useful marker for the differentiation of increased AFP levels in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver diseases. The AFP-L3 percentage is closely related to HCC differentiation. We consider the analysis of AFP-L3 a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Khien
- Department of Hepatology, Central Tran Hung Dao Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Fox R, Berhane S, Teng M, Cox T, Tada T, Toyoda H, Kumada T, Kagebayashi C, Satomura S, Johnson PJ. Biomarker-based prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: validation and extension of the BALAD model. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2090-8. [PMID: 24691419 PMCID: PMC3992496 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Japanese 'BALAD' model offers the first objective, biomarker-based, tool for assessment of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma, but relies on dichotomisation of the constituent data, has not been externally validated, and cannot be applied to the individual patients. METHODS In this Japanese/UK collaboration, we replicated the original BALAD model on a UK cohort and then built a new model, BALAD-2, on the original raw Japanese data using variables in their continuous form. Regression analyses using flexible parametric models with fractional polynomials enabled fitting of appropriate baseline hazard functions and functional form of covariates. The resulting models were validated in the respective cohorts to measure the predictive performance. RESULTS The key prognostic features were confirmed to be Bilirubin and Albumin together with the serological cancer biomarkers, AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP. With appropriate recalibration, the model offered clinically relevant discrimination of prognosis in both the Japanese and UK data sets and accurately predicted patient-level survival. CONCLUSIONS The original BALAD model has been validated in an international setting. The refined BALAD-2 model permits estimation of patient-level survival in UK and Japanese cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - S Berhane
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - M Teng
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - T Cox
- Liverpool Cancer Research UK Centre, Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - T Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu 503-8052, Japan
| | - H Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu 503-8052, Japan
| | - T Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu 503-8052, Japan
| | - C Kagebayashi
- Wako Life Sciences, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043-1829, USA
| | - S Satomura
- Wako Life Sciences, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043-1829, USA
| | - P J Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington, Wirral CH63 4JY, UK
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Fukushima H, Satomura S, Kawai T, Tanaka M, Kamegawa T, Matsuno F. Modeling and Control of a Snake-Like Robot Using the Screw-Drive Mechanism. IEEE T ROBOT 2012. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2012.2183050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Senn L, Robinson JO, Schmidt S, Knaup M, Asahi N, Satomura S, Matsuura S, Duvoisin B, Bille J, Calandra T, Marchetti O. 1,3- -D-Glucan Antigenemia for Early Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Neutropenic Patients with Acute Leukemia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:878-85. [DOI: 10.1086/527382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Senn L, Robinson J, Schmidt S, Knaup M, Asahi N, Satomura S, Matsuura S, Duvoisin B, Calandra T, Marchetti O. 112 Beta-1,3-D-glucan (BGL) antigenemia in neutropenic cancer patients (Pts) with invasive aspergillosis (IA) and candidiasis (IC). Int J Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(06)80109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Oka H, Saito A, Ito K, Kumada T, Satomura S, Kasugai H, Osaki Y, Seki T, Kudo M, Tanaka M. Multicenter prospective analysis of newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma with respect to the percentage of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:1378-83. [PMID: 11851836 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) has been reported to be a highly useful marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with a conventional serum AFP concentration, which allows earlier detection of HCC compared with using other imaging modalities and predicting prognosis after therapy. A collaborative prospective study involving nine Japanese hospitals was conducted to analyze the relationships between the tumor characteristics of a HCC patient and the percentage of AFP-L3/AFP total at the initial detection. METHODS Between 1 October 1996 and 30 September 1997, a total of 388 patients with newly diagnosed HCC were registered. RESULTS The cut-off level of the percentage of AFP-L3 was altered from 15 to 10%. The AFP-L3-positive HCC patients demonstrated the characteristics of having an advanced tumor, such as the number of tumors, maximum diameter, tumor spread, portal vein invasion, tumor stage, and tumor classification. With the conventional cut-off level of 15% of the percentage of AFP-L3, the malignant characteristics were more definite than that of 10%. However, no significant differences of serum AFP concentration were observed for malignant characteristics such as maximum diameter and histopathological grading. CONCLUSION Serum AFP concentration does not reveal a malignancy of HCC, however, the AFP-L3-positive HCC has biologically malignant characteristics, especially portal vein invasion and lower tumor classification, and is an advanced tumor regardless of small tumor size and lower serum AFP concentration. As AFP-L3 shows the tumor characteristics, its presence should be an important factor in the determination of therapy and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City General Hospital,Osaka, Japan.
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) displays differential affinity to lectin Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) compared to that from chronic hepatitis/liver cirrhosis. According to their binding capability to LCA, total AFP can be separated into three different glycoforms, AFP-L1, AFP-L2, and AFP-L3. AFP-L1 is the non-LCA-bound fraction, which constitutes the major glycoform of AFP in serum of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. AFP-L3 is the LCA-bound fraction of AFP. It has been reported that malignant liver cells produce AFP-L3, even when HCC is at its early stages, and especially when the tumor mass is supplied by the hepatic artery. Clinical research has determined that AFP-L3 is a highly specific marker for HCC. The AFP-L3 can be detected in the serum of approximately 35% of the patients with small HCC (<2 cm). The AFP-L3-positive HCC has potential for rapid growth and early metastasis. Compared to imaging techniques, it has been shown to have 9-12 months of lead-time in early HCC recognition. Combined sensitivity of AFP-L3 for HCC is 56%, with a specificity of >95%. METHODS Automated assay for measuring AFP-L3 has been developed and introduced in clinical use. The new automated method for measurement of ALP-L3 is based on liquid phase binding of the AFP-L3 glycoform with LCA and two specific monoclonal antibodies labeled with peroxidase and polysulfated tyrosine peptide, respectively. CONCLUSION AFP-L3 is a new generation of tumor marker for HCC and yields useful information on HCC for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Diagnostics, Wako Chemicals USA, 1600 Bellwood Road, Richmond, VA 23237, USA.
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Yamamoto R, Azuma M, Kishida T, Yamada H, Satomura S, Fujimoto S. Total alpha-fetoprotein and Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in fetal chromosomal abnormalities. BJOG 2001; 108:1154-8. [PMID: 11762654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2003.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the differences in multiples of the median (MoM) of total alpha-fetoprotein, and the proportion of Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive alpha-fetoprotein (% alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3) in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid of pregnant women whose fetuses were diagnosed with autosomal or sex chromosomal abnormalities. DESIGN Prospective consecutive series. SETTING University hospital. SAMPLE Maternal sera and amniotic fluids from 46 pregnant women with trisomy 21 fetuses, 10 pregnant women with trisomy 18 fetuses, one pregnant woman with a trisomy 13 fetus, six pregnant women with fetal sex chromosomal abnormalities, and 100 pregnant women for whom the fetal karyotype was diagnosed as normal following a genetic amniocentesis. RESULTS The proportion of alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3 in maternal serum for trisomy 21 (40.3%. P < 0.0001) and trisomy 18 (39.8%, P < 0.05) showed a significantly higher value compared with normal (32.6%). The proportion of alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3 in amniotic fluid was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) for trisomy 21 (46.6%) than for a normal karyotype (41.5%). Only for the trisomy 21 group was there a strong correlation in the % alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3 between maternal serum and amniotic fluid (r = 0.840, P < 0.0001). For all groups, there was no correlation between alpha-fetoprotein MoM and % alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3 in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. CONCLUSION The proportion of alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3 in maternal serum is an appropriate choice for a trisomy 21 biochemical marker, and it is possible that combining alpha-fetoprotein-L2 + L3 analysis with assays of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum could further improve the sensitivity and specificity of multiple marker screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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9
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Yamamoto R, Azuma M, Hoshi N, Kishida T, Satomura S, Fujimoto S. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein, an alternative variant to alpha-fetoprotein in prenatal screening for Down's syndrome. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:2438-44. [PMID: 11679535 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.11.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three serum tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin and unconjugated oestriol, are now widely used for screening for Down's syndrome. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a variant of alpha-fetoprotein with alpha1-->6 fucose appended to the reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine. It is the most prominent AFP detected in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS We investigated microheterogeneities of the carbohydrate chain on AFP in fetal liver tissues, amniotic fluids and maternal sera obtained from pregnancies with Down's syndrome using lectin affinity electrophoresis with four lectins. The percentages of AFP-L3 in maternal sera from 22 Down's syndrome and 227 unaffected pregnancies were determined. RESULTS Unlike the case with AFP concentration, the percentage of AFP-L3 in maternal serum and amniotic fluid was similar, and apparently not influenced by membrane permeability. Knowing the percentage of AFP-L3 in maternal serum was effective for discriminating between Down's syndrome-affected pregnancies and unaffected pregnancies. The percentage of AFP-L3 in maternal serum identified 55% of Down's syndrome cases with a 5% false-positive rate. CONCLUSIONS AFP-L3 should be an effective replacement for AFP in prenatal Down's syndrome screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Satomura S, Yokota I, Tatara K, Naito E, Ito M, Kuroda Y. Paradoxical weight loss with extra energy expenditure at brown adipose tissue in adolescent patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Metabolism 2001; 50:1181-5. [PMID: 11586490 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2001.26701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the energy expenditure in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) to evaluate the cause of the paradoxical weight loss observed in large numbers of adolescent patients before any obvious impairment of their swallowing function. In the morning, resting energy expenditure (REE)/m(2) was almost the same as that in normal controls despite a reduction in fat-free mass (FFM); thus, REE/m(2)/FFM was significantly increased in patients (median, 21.2 kcal/m(2)/FFM kg; range, 17.7 to 44.2, P =.012). A thermographic examination in the morning showed an obvious elevation of the body surface temperature on the back. This phenomenon was consistent with a paradoxical fall in the low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio at night analyzed using the inter-RR spectrum by 24-hour electrocardiogram, which indicated relative activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The urinary secretion of norepinephrine at night was also significantly greater in patients (median, 0.119 microg/kg/h; range, 0.061 to 0.219, P =.011). These results suggest that paradoxical activation of the sympathetic nervous system may accelerate the production of heat in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increase the level of energy consumption in patients, and that adolescent DMD patients may require greater caloric intake than expected to maintain body weight, which is important to improve the prognosis of their respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satomura
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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11
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Okada T, Sato Y, Kobayashi N, Sumida K, Satomura S, Matsuura S, Takasaki M, Endo T. Structural characteristics of the N-glycans of two isoforms of prostate-specific antigens purified from human seminal fluid. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1525:149-60. [PMID: 11342264 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycosylated chymotrypsin-like serine protease and is found mainly in prostatic tissue and seminal fluid. We purified two forms of PSA (PSA-A and PSA-B) from human seminal fluid with pI values of approx. 7.2 and approx. 6.9, respectively. To characterize the N-glycans of the two isoforms, the sugar chains were liberated by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation, and derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide. Both PSA-A and PSA-B contained mono- and disialylated sugar chains, although PSA-B had a much higher content of the latter. After removal of sialic acid residues by sialidase digestion, mono- and biantennary N-glycans and three outer chain moieties (Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-, GlcNAcbeta1-, GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-) were found in both samples. However, the ratios of each N-glycan were different. These results indicate that PSA-A and PSA-B differ not only in their sialic acid contents, but also in their outer chain features.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okada
- Department of Glycobiology, Tokyo Metropolitain Institute of Gerontology, Japan
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12
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Yamamoto R, Azuma M, Wakui Y, Kishida T, Yamada H, Okuyama K, Sagawa T, Shimizu K, Satomura S, Fujimoto S. Alpha-fetoprotein microheterogeneity: a potential biochemical marker for Down's syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 304:137-41. [PMID: 11165209 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to examine the utility of analyzing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) microheterogeneity assessed by lectin affinity in Down's syndrome (DS) screening. Maternal sera and amniotic fluids were collected from 18 women who were carrying DS fetuses and 70 unaffected pregnancies around 16 weeks of gestation. The percentages of AFP which reacted with Lens culinaris agglutinin (AFP-L2,3) were determined by lectin affinity electrophoresis. AFP-L2,3 levels were significantly increased (P<0.0001) in both maternal serum and amniotic fluid from DS-affected versus unaffected pregnancies. The fractional areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.835 and 0.700 (P=0.106) for AFP-L3 and AFP MoM (multiples of the median) in maternal serum. No correlation was found between AFP-L3 and AFP MoM in maternal serum (r=0.006). Our data suggest that the measurement of AFP-L3 in maternal serum is a potential biochemical marker for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Taketa K, Kamakura K, Satomura S, Taga H. Lectin-dependent modulation of interaction between human alpha-fetoprotein and its monoclonal antibodies. Epitope mapping. Tumour Biol 2000; 19:318-28. [PMID: 9679744 DOI: 10.1159/000030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of lentil lectin (LCA) on the binding of mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to LCA-nonreactive AFP-L1 and LCA-reactive AFP-L3 was studied on a panel of 30 MoAbs provided by the TD-2 Workshop of ISOBM for epitope mapping. LCA inhibited the binding of MoAbs 93 and 98 to AFP-L3 but not to AFP-L1, indicating that there was a competition between the MoAbs and LCA for the AFP sugar chain. With MoAbs 100, 109, 118, and 120, LCA rather increased the binding to AFP-L3 over that to AFP-L1. These modulating effects of LCA on the MoAb binding to AFP-L3 were abolished by periodate treatment of the AFP preparations without affecting the binding of MoAb to AFP. Concanavalin A had similar inhibiting and enhancing effects on MoAb binding, but equally to AFP-L1 and AFP-L3, both of which are fully reactive with concanavalin A. The results suggested that MoAbs 93 and 98 recognized epitopes closely related to sugar chain, and their binding to AFP-L3 was inhibited by the bound LCA due to steric hindrance. The enhanced binding of some MoAbs to AFP-L3 over AFP-L1 with LCA, or both glycoforms of AFP with concanavalin A, may be explained by postulating an allosteric mechanism mediated by the oligosaccharide-lectin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taketa
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
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Hayashi K, Kumada T, Nakano S, Takeda I, Sugiyama K, Kiriyama S, Sone Y, Miyata A, Shimizu H, Satomura S. Usefulness of measurement of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein as a marker of prognosis and recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:3028-33. [PMID: 10520864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3%) is a recently described marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its usefulness has been demonstrated in many studies. We evaluated the usefulness of serial measurement of AFP-L3% as a marker of prognosis and recurrence after treatment of small HCC. METHODS AFP-L3% was measured before and after initial treatment in 60 patients with small HCC (maximum diameter < or = 2 cm). AFP-L3% was taken as the ratio of AFP-L3 to total AFP and multiplied by 100%, and levels > or = 10% were considered positive. Outcomes and recurrence were compared between patients AFP-L3%-negative after initial treatment (Group A, n = 43) and patients who were AFP-L3%-positive after initial treatment (Group B, n = 17). RESULTS Before treatment, AFP-L3% was positive in 14 (23.3%) of the 60 patients. The cumulative survival rate of Group A was significantly longer (p = 0.0091) than that of Group B. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in Group B (p = 0.0104) than in Group A. When recurrence was limited to intrahepatic metastasis, the recurrence rate was significantly higher in Group B (p = 0.0064). However, the recurrence rate of multicentric occurrence did not differ significantly between Groups A and B. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of AFP-L3% after treatment may be useful for understanding prognosis and recurrence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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15
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Okuda K, Tanaka M, Kanazawa N, Nagashima J, Satomura S, Kinoshita H, Eriguchi N, Aoyagi S, Kojiro M. Evaluation of curability and prediction of prognosis after surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma by lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein. Int J Oncol 1999; 14:265-71. [PMID: 9917501 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.14.2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of serum lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), which can distinguish between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis by detecting a sugar chain micro heterogeneity, was evaluated for its possible ability to recognize previously undetectable residual tumors, and for increasing the accuracy of prognosis after surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein was measured pre- and post-operatively in 130 patients who underwent curative surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. The preoperative AFP-L3 positive rate was 35.4%. AFP-L3 remained positive postoperatively in 28 of the 46 preoperative AFP-L3 positive patients, and converted to positive in 4 of the 84 preoperative AFP-L3 negative patients. Regardless to preoperative AFP-L3, the postoperative AFP-L3 positive patients had a poorer recurrence-free rate (p<0.0001). The postoperative L3 positive patients had a high incidence of recurrence due to metastasis, but did not have recurrence due to multicentric origin. Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP-L3 (p<0.0001) was the most independently significant factor for predicting survival after surgery among several conventional prognostic factors. Thus, AFP-L3 is a valuable marker for evaluation of curability of surgical treatment and for improving the accuracy of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okuda
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0001, Japan
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Kumada T, Nakano S, Takeda I, Kiriyama S, Sone Y, Hayashi K, Katoh H, Endoh T, Sassa T, Satomura S. Clinical utility of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in small hepatocellular carcinoma: special reference to imaging diagnosis. J Hepatol 1999; 30:125-30. [PMID: 9927159 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(99)80016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Blood concentration levels of alpha-fetoprotein like the Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction (AFP-L3) are a useful marker for predicting the long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigated the relationship between serum AFP-L3 and various imaging modalities. METHODS Sixty-three patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas < or = 2 cm in diameter were studied. Serum AFP-L3 concentrations were measured by lectin-affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody-affinity blotting and expressed as % AFP-L3 (the percent of AFP-L3 as total AFP). A clinical "cutoff level" of 10% was used in this study to indicate the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Selective hepatic intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA), ultrasonographic angiography with carbon dioxide microbubbles (USAG), and computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP) were performed to evaluate the hemodynamics of hepatic nodules. RESULTS Fourteen (22.2%) of the 63 patients were positive for % AFP-L3. The % AFP-L3 levels (n=45, 4.4%) of patients with hypervascular tumors were significantly higher than those (n=15, 0.0%) of patients with isovascular or hypovascular tumors as determined by USAG (p=0.0061). The % AFP-L3 levels (n=53, 4.4%) of patients with a negative portal blood supply were significantly higher than the % AFP-L3 levels (n=7, 0.0%) of patients with a positive portal blood supply as determined by CTAP (p=0.0140). The % AFP-L3 levels of patients with tumors with a long doubling time (DT) were significantly lower than for patients with tumors with a short DT (p=0.0176). CONCLUSION AFP-L3 is a positive indicator which may be more specific for small advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki City, Gifu, Japan
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17
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Katoh H, Nakamura K, Tanaka T, Satomura S, Matsuura S. Automatic and simultaneous analysis of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein ratio and total alpha-fetoprotein concentration. Anal Chem 1998; 70:2110-4. [PMID: 9608849 DOI: 10.1021/ac971280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An automated analytical method for analyzing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) carbohydrate chain microheterogeneity based on competitive reaction between lectin and anti-AFP monoclonal antibody in liquid phase is described. The antibody used binds to all species of AFP molecule without Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA); however, its binding reaction to LCA-reactive AFP was inhibited by LCA. Sulfated tyrosine octamer was conjugated to the antibody, and sulfated tyrosine pentamer and peroxidase were conjugated to other monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Serum reacted with three anti-AFP monoclonal antibodies and LCA in liquid phases, and two types of immune complex were observed. The two types were separated directly by the liquid-phase binding assay system equipped with an anion-exchange column. Peroxidase activity of immune complex was determined fluorophotometrically. Total AFP concentration and the ratio of LCA-reactive AFP in samples were calculated simultaneously, using the sum of the two peaks and the ratio of peaks obtained by LCA inhibition to sum of two peaks. The results correlated well with conventional methods. The method is simple and convenient for routine clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Katoh
- Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Hyogo, Japan.
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18
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Yamagata Y, Katoh H, Nakamura K, Tanaka T, Satomura S, Matsuura S. Determination of alpha-fetoprotein concentration based on liquid-phase binding assay using anion exchange chromatography and sulfated peptide introduced antibody. J Immunol Methods 1998; 212:161-8. [PMID: 9672204 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein based upon liquid-phase binding reactions is described. In this procedure, a sample that contains alpha-fetoprotein is mixed with a solution of two anti-alpha-fetoprotein monoclonal antibodies complexed with peroxidase and sulfated peptide, respectively. After incubation, immune complex is separated from other components by anion exchange column chromatography. Immune complex is quantified using fluorometric detection by peroxidase enzymatic activity. Peroxidase activity correlated with a alpha-fetoprotein with a 1:1 relationship. The stoichiometric immunoreaction allowed a large analytical range (0.4-7500 ng/ml) with a linear dose-response relationship, high sensitivity and good precision. Endogenous substances did not interfere with assay performance. Assay results showed good correlation with other established methods. These results indicate that the method is useful for clinical alpha-fetoprotein determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamagata
- Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
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19
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Nakamura K, Imajo N, Yamagata Y, Katoh H, Fujio K, Tanaka T, Satomura S, Matsuura S. Liquid-phase binding assay of alpha-fetoprotein using a sulfated antibody for bound/free separation. Anal Chem 1998; 70:954-7. [PMID: 9511471 DOI: 10.1021/ac9711495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid immunoassay using a sulfated antibody for bound/free separation in a liquid-phase binding assay is described. A first anti-alpha-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody was labeled with peroxidase (Fab'-POD) and a second monoclonal antibody was conjugated with polysulfated tyrosine peptide (Fab'-YS). The monoclonal antibodies and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were mixed, incubated, and analyzed directly by anion-exchange column chromatography. The amount of POD activity in the column effluent was determined fluorophotometrically. The bound (Fab'-POD + AFP + Fab'-YS) and free (Fab'-POD) forms of the conjugate were clearly and easily separated by ionic charge, and the free sulfated antibody (Fab'-YS) was not detectable fluorophotometrically. The elution position of the bound conjugate was adjusted by varying the length of the polysulfated tyrosine peptide. This method is convenient for antigen measurement because (1) only two modified antibodies are used in a buffer solution, (2) the concentration of antibodies and other assay conditions are easily set, (3) no solid phase is required, and (4) no washing is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan.
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20
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Shimizu K, Katoh H, Yamashita F, Tanaka M, Tanikawa K, Taketa K, Satomura S, Matsuura S. Comparison of carbohydrate structures of serum alpha-fetoprotein by sequential glycosidase digestion and lectin affinity electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta 1996; 254:23-40. [PMID: 8894307 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(96)06369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein of which the sugar chain is considered to show structural changes with malignancies. Microheterogeneity of the serum AFP carbohydrate structure was studied in samples from 35 patients with benign and malignant diseases. Sera were digested directly, extensively, and sequentially with sialidase. beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Before and after digestion, sera were examined by means of lectin affinity electrophoresis using eight lectins. Relationships between AFP carbohydrate structures and liver diseases were elucidated by the lectin-reactive profiles and the effect of glycosidase digestion. More than 94% of the AFP carbohydrate structures found in patients with benign and malignant liver diseases were biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides. Changes in the AFP carbohydrate structures at the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed the addition of alpha 1-->6 fucose to the reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine and monosialylated AFPs. In both advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and AFP producing extrahepatic malignancies, AFP carbohydrate structures were characterized as the further addition of beta 1-->4 N-acetylglucosamine and heterogeneity in the galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Sequential glycosidase digestion and lectin affinity electrophoresis is useful for analysing the carbohydrate structures of serum glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimizu
- Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Hyoga, Japan
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21
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Yamashita F, Tanaka M, Satomura S, Tanikawa K. Prognostic significance of Lens culinaris agglutinin A-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in small hepatocellular carcinomas. Gastroenterology 1996; 111:996-1001. [PMID: 8831594 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lens culinaris agglutinin A-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) has been reported to be a useful marker in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of AFP-L3 for HCC. METHODS Fifty-five patients with HCC whose AFP-L3 levels were negative before initial therapy were studied. AFP-L3 levels were measured by lectin-affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody-affinity blotting. RESULTS Of the 55 patients, 28, 15, and 12 underwent percutaneous ethanol injection, transcatheter arterial embolization, and hepatectomy, respectively. Thirty-two (58.2%) of the 55 patients maintained a negative AFP-L3 status during the study, and 23 patients (41.8%) became positive for AFP-L3 during posttreatment observation. Multiple recurrences of HCC and portal vein tumor thrombus were observed significantly more often in patients with positive AFP-L3 than in those with negative AFP-L3 status (P < 0.0001). In contrast, most patients with negative AFP-L3 had solitary recurrences of HCC without portal vein tumor thrombus. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with positive AFP-L3 than in those with negative AFP-L3 status (P = 0.0006). Cox's proportional hazards model identified that AFP-L3 was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS AFP-L3 seems to be a significant marker of poor prognosis for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, Saga Social Insurance Hospital, Japan
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22
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Yamashita F, Tanaka M, Satomura S, Tanikawa K. Monitoring of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoproteins in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated using transcatheter arterial embolization. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7:627-33. [PMID: 8590157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (LR-AFP) levels for assessing therapeutic effects and for predicting prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated using transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). DESIGN Twenty-nine patients with HCC were studied. METHODS LR-AFP levels were measured using lectin-affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody-affinity blotting. Patients who were initially LR-AFP-positive were divided into those who became negative after TAE and those who remained positive. Patients were also classified into groups showing a reduction in total AFP levels of 75% or more and those showing a reduction of less than 75% and into groups whose tumour size was reduced by 50% or more and those whose tumour size was reduced by less than 50%. RESULTS Both the length of time between TAE and the recurrence of HCC and the cumulative survival rate differed significantly between the group of patients who became negative after TAE and that which remained positive. However, no significant differences in these parameters were found between the patients in the two classes for total AFP levels or tumour size. CONCLUSIONS LR-AFP levels appeared to be more useful for predicting clinical results than the serum total AFP value or changes in tumour size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yamashita
- Second Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka-ken, Japan
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23
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Miyazaki M, Hashimoto T, Omura H, Satomura S, Bando N, Yoshimoto T, Tayama M, Kuroda Y. Infantile spasms with predominantly unilateral cerebral abnormalities. Neuropediatrics 1994; 25:325-30. [PMID: 7770131 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenesis of infantile spasms, 12 children underwent a combination of neurophysiologic and neuroimaging studies including brainstem evoked potentials and single photon emission computed tomography with 99mTcHMPAO. Three of the children had localized cerebral abnormalities on neuroimaging, i.e. right frontotemporal cortical microdysgenesis, left frontotemporal polymicrogyria, and right parietooccipitotemporal porencephalic cyst. Neurophysiologic studies also indicated that a single cerebral hemisphere was predominantly involved, while the other hemisphere and the brainstem were relatively spared, a result compatible with the clinical findings of hemiparesis and hemiconvulsion. In these three patients, administration of carbamazepine was followed by marked improvement of the clinical and electroencephalographic findings. Our results suggest that a combination of noninvasive examinations can distinguish a particular subtype of infantile spasms associated with a localized cerebral abnormality and responsive to carbamazepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
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24
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Ozawa K, Yamagata Y, Satomura S, Ishida H, Kiso M, Hasegawa A. Synthesis of 6(5)- and/or 4(5)-O-glycosyl p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside derivatives for the differential assay of human alpha-amylases. Carbohydr Res 1994; 262:137-45. [PMID: 7954519 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)84010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ozawa
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Japan
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25
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Taketa K, Endo Y, Sekiya C, Tanikawa K, Koji T, Taga H, Satomura S, Matsuura S, Kawai T, Hirai H. A collaborative study for the evaluation of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoproteins in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 1993; 53:5419-23. [PMID: 7693340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-affinity electrophoretic separation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was carried out using AFP Differentiation Kits, which used Lens culinaris agglutinin-A (Kit L) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (Kit P). Separated AFP bands were detected with a sensitive antibody-affinity blotting technique and determined quantitatively by densitometry, and the results were expressed as percentages of the intensity of total AFP bands. Sera from 424 patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extrahepatic tumors were assayed for proportion of AFP present as Lens culinaris agglutinin-A-reactive AFP (AFP-L3) and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-reactive AFPs (AFP-P4+P5). From the maximum Youden indices determined, cutoff levels were set at 15% for both AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5 to discriminate between patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5 showed sensitivities of 55.3 and 61.0% at specificities of 93.9% and 82.3%, respectively. Thirty-eight % of tumors that measured less than 20 mm in diameter were positive for AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5. AFP-L3 exceeded the cutoff level of 15% 4.0 +/- 4.9 months before detection of hepatocellular carcinomas by imaging techniques with a sensitivity of 48% and a specificity of 81%. Thus, these tests are useful for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with hepatitis or liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taketa
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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26
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Ozawa K, Taki Y, Ishida H, Yamagata Y, Satomura S, Kiso M, Hasegawa A. Systematic synthesis of sulfur-containing p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside derivatives for a differential assay of human alpha-amylases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1993; 57:821-8. [PMID: 7763778 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.57.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
For use in a differential assay of human alpha-amylases, a variety of 6(5)-S-substituted p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside derivatives (6-54) were systematically synthesized via the key intermediate, p-nitrophenyl O-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-S-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl-6-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl) - (-->4)-tris[O-(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->4)]-2,3,6 -tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (4), which was easily prepared from p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside (G5P) in four steps. The sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives were prepared by oxidizing the corresponding sulfides with m-chloroperbenzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozawa
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Japan
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27
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Abstract
A new enzyme immunoassay technique (LBA: liquid-phase binding assay) to examine the characteristics of liquid-phase antigen-antibody reactions is described. Antigen (human chorionic gonadotropin: hCG) and peroxidase (POD)-labeled anti-hCG monoclonal antibody (Fab'-POD) solutions were mixed, incubated, and analyzed directly by gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn enzyme activity measurement. Using the system, bound (hCG-Fab'-POD) and free (Fab'-POD) forms of enzyme-labeled antibody were separated by their molecular mass difference, and the POD activity of the conjugate was determined fluorophotometrically. All analytes became bound upon addition of excess Fab'-POD, because reaction conditions in a liquid phase could be easily altered. Thus, hCG molecule could be measured via the activity of one POD molecule. And the liquid-phase antibody reaction was very fast and quantitative. On the basis of this stoichiometric relationship, equilibrium and rate constants, optimum pH, and temperature effects were easily examined. The method is simple and convenient for examination of the antigen-antibody reaction and is applicable for antigen assays requiring an accurate definition of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Osaka Research Laboratory, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
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28
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Shimizu K, Taniichi T, Satomura S, Matsuura S, Taga H, Taketa K. Establishment of assay kits for the determination of microheterogeneities of alpha-fetoprotein using lectin-affinity electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta 1993; 214:3-12. [PMID: 7680970 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(93)90297-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic kits for determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) carbohydrate chain microheterogeneity were developed using lectin affinity electrophoresis with Lens culinaris agglutinin-A (LCA-A) and erythro-agglutinating phytohemagglutinin-E4 (PHA-E4). Separated AFP bands by electrophoresis were detected with high sensitivity by antibody-affinity blotting and immunoenzymatic amplification. Densitometry was used to apportion lectin reactive AFPs. The within-run S.D. for proportions of AFP bands was below 3%. Band intensity was linearly related to AFP concentration between 2 and 200 ng/ml. Profiles of lectin reactive AFPs were compared in serum samples from 55 patients having liver diseases. The average values of lectin reactive AFPs for chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients were both below 13%, but those of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were above 25%. Correlation of data with disease states suggests that the methods can greatly facilitate the discrimination between benign and malignant liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimizu
- Osaka Research Laboratory, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
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29
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Abstract
A simple and rapid analytical method for the structural identification of sugar chains involving lectins and ultrafiltration was developed. In the procedure, a mixture of fluorogenic sugar chains is mixed with an unmodified lectin. Unbound sugar chains are removed by ultrafiltration. Qualitative differences between sugar chains from the sample and from the filtrate were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of different sugar chains could be determined from the specificity of the lectins used. Because the lectins used for the procedure were not modified, both the lectins used and sugar chains could be recovered. The method is simple and can be used for structural analysis of sugar chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Katoh
- Osaka Research Laboratory, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo
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30
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Abstract
Measurement of renin activity in human fluids using a fluorogenic substrate and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. A nine amino acid peptide containing the fluorogenic residue, N-(2-pyridyl) glycine (Pg) is used as a substrate. The peptide sequence is homologous with the cleavage site of human angiotensinogen. This substrate is hydrolyzed by renin to generate fluorogenic and non-fluorogenic products. The amount of fluorogenic product is directly measured by reversed phase HPLC. Optimization of assay conditions and measurement of human serum renin levels are described. Assay results correlated well with those from radioimmunoassay. The method is simple, convenient, highly sensitive and can be used for routine clinical renin assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakamura-Imajo
- Osaka Research Laboratory, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
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31
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Abstract
A convenient method for the analysis of the binding properties of lectin with fluorogenic sugar chains is described. A lectin (concanavalin A or Datura stramonium agglutinin) was mixed with pyridylaminated sugar chains in buffer and the free chains obtained were isolated by membrane ultrafiltration. The amount of free sugar chains in the filtrate was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The binding constants with the sugar chains, reaction kinetics, and other properties of these lectins were easily investigated. The method is simple and could be used to study the characteristics of any lectin in native form.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Katoh
- Osaka Research Laboratory, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo
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32
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Abstract
Fluorogenic peptide substrates were synthesized in which amino acid residues corresponded to the C-terminal and the N-terminal sides of the site of human angiotensinogen cleaved by renin. Compared with the synthetic substrates of renin previously reported, these fluorogenic substrates had practical advantages in that their digestion products could be rapidly separated and sensitively detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. The recombinant human renin and human plasma split Leu-Val, which cleavage site is similar to that in human angiotensinogen. The kinetic parameters of the reaction of renin using these substrates were calculated. There seemed to be at least eight subsites in the active site of recombinant human renin, to judge from the enzyme-substrate binding characteristics. The two histidine residues (S5 and S'3) in the octapeptide His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His were important in the enzyme action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakamura
- Osaka Research Laboratory, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd
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33
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Abstract
p-Nitrophenyl O-(6-O-benzyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- (1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-- --4)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (BG5P) is hydrolyzed by both human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) and human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) to O-(6-O-benzyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- (1----4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose (BG3) and p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltoside (G2P). Glucoamylase and alpha-glucosidase cannot hydrolyze BG5P because of the modification of the OH group of the 6-position of the non-reducing-end glucose residue with the benzyl group. Taking advantage of these characteristics of the substrate, BG5P, we developed a method to assay the total alpha-amylase activity in human fluids using glucoamylase and alpha-glucosidase as the coupled enzymes. This method is simple and can be used as the standard method for routine clinical assays of alpha-amylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satomura
- Osaka Research Division, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
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34
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Abstract
p-Nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside, having a benzyl group on O-6 of the terminal (nonreducing) D-glucosyl group was prepared by use of a reductive ring-opening reaction. Highly regioselective reduction of p-nitrophenyl O-(2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)- tris[O-(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)]-2,3,6-tri- O- benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside by dimethylamine-borane and p-toluenesulfonic acid, followed by debenzoylation, gave p-nitrophenyl O-(6-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-tris[O-alpha-D-glucopyran osyl- (1----4)]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. An experiment was done on the mode of action of human pancreatic and salivary alpha amylases on this derivative. The compound is suitable as a substrate for the assay of alpha amylase when used with glucoamylase and alpha-D-glucosidase as coupling enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satomura
- Osaka Research Division, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
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35
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Satomura S, Omichi K, Ikenaka T. Measurement of cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorogenic substrate. Anal Biochem 1986; 154:449-53. [PMID: 2942054 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A mixture of p-nitrophenyl O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranoside (FG5P) and p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside (GP) was incubated with cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) [EC 2.4.1.19]. Analysis of the digest by HPLC showed that the products were p-nitrophenyl O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (FG4P) and p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoside (G2P), and no other product could be detected. Based on the reaction, a sensitive method to assay for CGTase was developed.
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Satomura S, Miki Y, Hamanaka T, Sakata Y. Kinetic assay of gamma-glutamyltransferase with use of bilirubin oxidase as a coupled enzyme. Clin Chem 1985; 31:1380-3. [PMID: 2861922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the kinetic measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC.2.3.2.2), coupling the reaction with that catalyzed by bilirubin oxidase (EC 1.3.3.5), which oxidizes and combines a phenylenediamine derivative with an aniline derivative to produce a green pigment. We measured the formation of the pigment kinetically (at lambda max745 nm, epsilon = 75 000 L mol-1 cm-1), with L-gamma-glutamyl-N-hydroxyethylaminoanilide as substrate and N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine as a the coupling derivative. The within-run CV for measuring this reaction in samples of normal sera was 2.4%. A calibration plot of the change in absorbance per minute vs enzyme activity concentration showed good proportionality in the range of 0-1300 U/L. The results of this assay correlated well (r = 0.995) with those of the Boehringer method, in which L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide is the substrate. This new, highly sensitive procedure may be adapted to other assays involving phenylenediamine derivates as synthetic substrates.
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Abstract
Abstract
We studied the kinetic measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC.2.3.2.2), coupling the reaction with that catalyzed by bilirubin oxidase (EC 1.3.3.5), which oxidizes and combines a phenylenediamine derivative with an aniline derivative to produce a green pigment. We measured the formation of the pigment kinetically (at lambda max745 nm, epsilon = 75 000 L mol-1 cm-1), with L-gamma-glutamyl-N-hydroxyethylaminoanilide as substrate and N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine as a the coupling derivative. The within-run CV for measuring this reaction in samples of normal sera was 2.4%. A calibration plot of the change in absorbance per minute vs enzyme activity concentration showed good proportionality in the range of 0-1300 U/L. The results of this assay correlated well (r = 0.995) with those of the Boehringer method, in which L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide is the substrate. This new, highly sensitive procedure may be adapted to other assays involving phenylenediamine derivates as synthetic substrates.
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Satomura S, Okajima S, Hamanaka T, Shintani A, Miyashita Y, Sakata Y. Kinetics of human pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylases with carboxymethylamyloses as substrates. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 138:21-9. [PMID: 6609027 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic measurement of alpha-amylase in human serum with chemically modified amylose as substrate was studied. Several substitutions of carboxymethylamylose were prepared from amylose, suitable amounts of monochloroacetic acid, and sodium hydroxide. The relationship between the degree of substitution of the carboxymethylamylose and the kinetic parameters of human pancreatic, salivary and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylases was determined. The action of alpha-amylases on such modified amyloses in the presence of glucoamylase was measured by a specific enzymatic assay having glucose as the product. The kinetic parameters of human pancreatic alpha-amylase were similar to those of human salivary alpha-amylase. It was possible to determine suitable sensitivities for the alpha-amylase assay using this substrate. These results suggested a subsite model.
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