Designing prenatal care messages for low-income Mexican women

Communication theories and research data were used to design cross-cultural health education messages. A University of California Los Angeles-Universidad Autonoma in Tijuana, Mexico, research team used the methods of ethnographic and survey research to study behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge concerning prenatal care of a sample of pregnant low-income women living in Tijuana. This audience provided information that served as a framework for a series of messages to increase awareness and change prenatal care behaviors. The message design process was guided by persuasion theories that included Petty and Caccioppo's elaboration likelihood model, McGuire's persuasion matrix, and Bandura's social learning theory. The results from the research showed that poor women in Tijuana tend to delay or not seek prenatal care. They were not aware of symptoms that could warn of pregnancy complications. Their responses also revealed pregnant women's culturally specific beliefs and behaviors regarding pregnancy. After examination of these and other results from the study, prenatal care messages about four topics were identified as the most relevant to communicate to this audience: health services use, the mother's weight gain, nutrition and anemia, and symptoms of high-risk complications during pregnancy. A poster, a calendar, a brochure, and two radio songs were produced and pretested in focus groups with low-income women in Tijuana. Each medium included one or more messages addressing informational, attitudinal, or behavioral needs, or all three, of the target population.

Factors which influence use of prenatal care in low-income racial-ethnic women in Los Angeles County

There is very limited information on ethnic differences in use of prenatal care services. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sociodemographic, health behaviors, medical risk, and psychosocial risk factors on the timing of prenatal care among Black-American, Mexican-American, and recent Mexican immigrant women in Los Angeles. A sample of 107 primiparous women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Information obtained included socioeconomic indicators, relationship with baby's father, timing of prenatal care, psychosocial factors, and substance use before pregnancy. Ethnic patterns of timing of prenatal care revealed no significant differences. The relationship with the baby's father was associated with early timing of prenatal care and more prenatal care visits. Substance use before pregnancy was significantly related to total number of visits for this pregnancy.