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Thorwirth S, Salomon T, Fanghänel S, Kozubal J, Dudek J. High-resolution infrared fingerprints of carbon-sulfur clusters: The ν1 band of C5S. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Martin-Drumel MA, Roucou A, Brown GG, Thorwirth S, Pirali O, Mouret G, Hindle F, McCarthy MC, Cuisset A. High resolution spectroscopy of six SOCl2 isotopologues from the microwave to the far-infrared. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4942024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Martin-Drumel
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A. Roucou
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - G. G. Brown
- Coker College, Hartsville, South Carolina 29550, USA
| | - S. Thorwirth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - O. Pirali
- AILES Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, France
| | - G. Mouret
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - F. Hindle
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - M. C. McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A. Cuisset
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
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Cernicharo J, McCarthy MC, Gottlieb CA, Agúndez M, Velilla Prieto L, Baraban JH, Changala PB, Guélin M, Kahane C, Martin-Drumel MA, Patel NA, Reilly NJ, Stanton JF, Quintana-Lacaci G, Thorwirth S, Young KH. Discovery of SiCSi in IRC +10216: A missing link between gas and dust carriers of Si-C bonds. Astrophys J Lett 2015; 806:L3. [PMID: 26722621 PMCID: PMC4693961 DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/806/1/l3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery in space of a disilicon species, SiCSi, from observations between 80 and 350 GHz with the IRAM 30m radio telescope. Owing to the close coordination between laboratory experiments and astrophysics, 112 lines have now been detected in the carbon-rich star CW Leo. The derived frequencies yield improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants up to sixth order. From the line profiles and interferometric maps with the Submillimeter Array, the bulk of the SiCSi emission arises from a region of 6″ in radius. The derived abundance is comparable to that of SiC2. As expected from chemical equilibrium calculations, SiCSi and SiC2 are the most abundant species harboring a Si-C bond in the dust formation zone and certainly both play a key role in the formation of SiC dust grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cernicharo
- Group of Molecular Astrophysics. ICMM. CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz N3. E-28049, Madrid. Spain
| | - M C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - C A Gottlieb
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - M Agúndez
- Group of Molecular Astrophysics. ICMM. CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz N3. E-28049, Madrid. Spain
| | - L Velilla Prieto
- Group of Molecular Astrophysics. ICMM. CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz N3. E-28049, Madrid. Spain
| | - J H Baraban
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - P B Changala
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - M Guélin
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406, St-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - C Kahane
- Universit Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M A Martin-Drumel
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - N A Patel
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - N J Reilly
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - J F Stanton
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - G Quintana-Lacaci
- Group of Molecular Astrophysics. ICMM. CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz N3. E-28049, Madrid. Spain
| | - S Thorwirth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - K H Young
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Krieg J, Klemann A, Gottbehüt I, Thorwirth S, Giesen TF, Schlemmer S. A continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator around 5-μm wavelength for high-resolution spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:063105. [PMID: 21721672 DOI: 10.1063/1.3596569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO) capable of high resolution spectroscopy at wavelengths between 4.8 μm and 5.4 μm. It is based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and is singly resonant for the signal radiation around 1.35 μm. Because of the strong absorption of PPLN at wavelengths longer than 4.5 μm, the OPO threshold rises to the scale of several watts, while it produces idler powers of more than 1 mW and offers continuous tuning over 15 GHz. A supersonic jet spectrometer is used in combination with the OPO to perform measurements of the transient linear molecule Si(2)C(3) at 1968.2 cm(-1). Fifty rovibrational transition frequencies of the ν(3) antisymmetric stretching mode have been determined with an accuracy on the order of 10(-4) cm(-1), and molecular parameters for the ground and the v(3) = 1 state have been determined most precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krieg
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.
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Halfen DT, Clouthier DJ, Ziurys LM, Lattanzi V, McCarthy MC, Thaddeus P, Thorwirth S. The pure rotational spectrum of HPS (X̃1A′): Chemical bonding in second-row elements. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:134302. [PMID: 21476750 DOI: 10.1063/1.3562374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D T Halfen
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona Radio Observatory, and Steward Observatory University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Thorwirth S, Theulé P, Gottlieb C, Müller H, McCarthy M, Thaddeus P. Rotational spectroscopy of S2O: Vibrational satellites, 33S isotopomers, and the sub-millimeter-wave spectrum. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thorwirth S, McCarthy MC, Gottlieb CA, Thaddeus P, Gupta H, Stanton JF. Rotational spectroscopy and equilibrium structures of S3 and S4. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:054326. [PMID: 16108658 DOI: 10.1063/1.1942495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfur molecules thiozone S3 and tetrasulfur S4 have been observed in a supersonic molecular beam in the centimeter-wave band by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, and in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave bands in a low-pressure glow discharge. For S3 over 150 rotational transitions between 10 and 458 GHz were measured, and for S4 a comparable number between 6 and 271 GHz. The spectrum of S3 is reproduced to within the measurement uncertainties by an asymmetric top Hamiltonian with three rotational and 12 centrifugal distortion constants; ten distortion constants, but an additional term to account for very small level shifts caused by interchange tunneling, are required to reproduce to comparable accuracy the spectrum of S4. Empirical equilibrium (r(e)(emp)) structures of S3 and S4 were derived from experimental rotational constants of the normal and sulfur-34 species and vibrational corrections from coupled-cluster theory calculations. Quantum chemical calculations show that interchange tunneling occurs because S4 automerizes through a transition state with D2h symmetry which lies about 500 cm(-1) above the two equivalent C2upsilon minima on the potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thorwirth
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Thorwirth S, McCarthy MC, Dudek JB, Thaddeus P. Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of vinyldiacetylene, vinyltriacetylene, and vinylcyanodiacetylene. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:184308. [PMID: 15918705 DOI: 10.1063/1.1893920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotational spectra of the three carbon chain molecules vinyldiacetylene (hex-1-ene-3,5-diyne, C(6)H(4)), vinyltriacetylene (oct-1-ene-3,5,7-triyne, C8H4), and its cyano analog vinylcyanodiacetylene (1-cyanohex-5-ene-1,3-diyne, C7H3N) have been observed for the first time by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of a supersonic molecular beam. The molecules were observed as products of an electrical discharge through selected precursor mixtures: ethylene/diacetylene and vinylacetylene/diacetylene for the pure hydrocarbon molecules and vinylacetylene/cyanoacetylene for vinylcyanodiacetylene. The measurements yield precise sets of rotational constants that compare very well with theoretical constants obtained by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level of theory. Since these three carbon chains are similar in structure and composition to known astronomical molecules and because of their significant polarity, all three are candidates for radio astronomical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thorwirth
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Desyatnyk O, Pszczółkowski L, Thorwirth S, Krygowski TM, Kisiel Z. The rotational spectra, electric dipole moments and molecular structures of anisole and benzaldehyde. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1708-15. [DOI: 10.1039/b501041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McCarthy MC, Thorwirth S, Gottlieb CA, Thaddeus P. Tetrasulfur, S4: Rotational spectrum, interchange tunneling, and geometrical structure. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:632-5. [PMID: 15260588 DOI: 10.1063/1.1769372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotational spectrum of S4 has been observed for the first time in an electrical discharge through sulfur vapor. Two techniques have been used: Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and long-path millimeter-wave absorption spectroscopy. Small, but systematic shifts of the measured transition frequencies of the normal isotopic species indicate that S4 has C2v symmetry but with a low-lying transition state of D2h symmetry, yielding interchange tunneling at 14.1(2) kHz in its ground vibrational state. From the rotational constants of the normal and the single 34S isotopic species, an experimental (r0) structure has been derived: S4 is a singlet planar trapezoid with a terminal bond length of 1.899(7) A, a central bond of 2.173(32) A, and an S-S-S angle of 103.9(8) degrees. Like thiozone (S3), S4 is a candidate for detection in the atmosphere of the Jovian moon Io and in other astronomical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Thorwirth S, Behse F. EMG-Veränderungen bei lumbaler Stenose. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-36001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dickens JE, Irvine WM, Nummelin A, Møllendal H, Saito S, Thorwirth S, Hjalmarson A, Ohishi M. Searches for new interstellar molecules, including a tentative detection of aziridine and a possible detection of propenal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2001; 57:643-660. [PMID: 11345244 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(00)00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rotational spectroscopy at millimeter wavelengths is a powerful means of investigating the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds. These regions can exhibit an interesting complement of gas phase molecules, including relatively complex organics. Here we report the tentative first astronomical detection of aziridine (ethylenimine), the possible detection of propenal (acrolein), and upper limits on the abundances of cyclopropenone, furan, hydroxyethanal (glycolaldehyde), thiohydroxylamine (NH2SH), and ethenol (vinyl alcohol) in various interstellar clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Dickens
- Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Bizzocchi L, Degli Esposti C, Thorwirth S, Müller HSP, Lewen F, Winnewisser G. Rotational spectroscopy of C-cyanophosphaethyne, NCCP, in states of multiple vibrational excitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b102775c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bizzocchi L, Thorwirth S, Müller HS, Lewen F, Winnewisser G. Submillimeter-Wave Spectroscopy of Phosphaalkynes: HCCCP, NCCP, HCP, and DCP. J Mol Spectrosc 2001; 205:110-116. [PMID: 11148114 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The submillimeter-wave rotational spectra of the unstable phosphorus-bearing molecules HCCCP (phosphabutadiyne) and NCCP (C-cyanophosphaethyne) have been investigated in selected frequency regions between 490 and 815 GHz using the Cologne Terahertz Spectrometer. Both molecules were studied in their ground vibrational states. Additionally, vibrational satellites within the bending states v(4) = 1 and v(5) = 1 were recorded for NCCP. Furthermore, the ground state rotational spectra of the (13)C and (15)N isotopomers of NCCP were detected in natural abundance. The new measurements allowed us to evaluate the sextic centrifugal distortion constants for each isotopomer and vibrational state investigated. The pyrolysis reactions, through which HCCCP and NCCP were produced in situ, also yielded phosphaethyne, HCP, as a by-product. Some transitions of HCP and DCP were recorded in their ground vibrational states along with v(2) = 1 vibrational satellites of the former. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bizzocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
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Thorwirth S, Müller HS, Winnewisser G. The Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Spectrum of HC(3)N in the Ground and Vibrationally Excited States. J Mol Spectrosc 2000; 204:133-144. [PMID: 11034851 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The pure rotational spectrum of the astrophysically very important linear molecule cyanoacetylene, HC(3)N, in the ground and vibrationally excited states has been studied in selected regions from 118 to 814 GHz using the Cologne terahertz spectrometer. Vibrational satellites appendant to the following vibrational states have been recorded and analyzed (v(4), v(5), v(6), v(7)): (0, 0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0, 2), (0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0, 1), and the Fermi resonance systems (0, 1, 0, 0)/(0, 0, 0, 3) and (1, 0, 0, 2)/(0, 2, 0, 0)(0e). With the exception of the latter resonance system, all states have been fitted within experimental accuracy. This work provides improved rest frequencies for the astronomical community and may also be beneficial in the improvement of global fits. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thorwirth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, Cologne, 50937, Germany
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Thorwirth S, Gendriesch R, Müller HS, Lewen F, Winnewisser G. Pure Rotational Spectrum of Ethylenimine at 1.85 THz. J Mol Spectrosc 2000; 201:323-325. [PMID: 10814498 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thorwirth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, Cologne, 50937, Germany
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Thorwirth S, Müller HS, Winnewisser G. The Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Spectrum and the Dipole Moment of Ethylenimine. J Mol Spectrosc 2000; 199:116-123. [PMID: 10712878 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.1999.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The rotational spectrum of ethylenimine (aziridine, c-C(2)H(4)NH) has been investigated in selected regions from 118 to 950 GHz using the Cologne terahertz spectrometer. About 320 lines have been measured spanning the quantum numbers 2 </= J </= 59 and 0 </= K(c) </= 50. All lines have been fit together with previously published data to yield refined ground state constants such as A = 22 736.19294(31) MHz, B = 21 192.46114(31) MHz, and C = 13 383.16401(30) MHz and centrifugal distortion constants that permit accurate frequency predictions. FTMW measurements were performed at the ETH Zürich to redetermine the dipole moment, to improve (14)N-quadrupole-coupling constants, as well as to determine (14)N-spin-rotation coupling constants. The most reliable values for the components of the dipole moment are µ(b) = 0.97(12) D and µ(c) = 1.357(25) D determined by the Stark- and additional intensity measurements of appropriate b- and c-type transitions. Moreover, we performed quantum chemical calculations of the dipole moment of ethylenimine that confirm these experimental results. This three-membered ring molecule is of potential astrophysical interest. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thorwirth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, D-50937, Germany
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