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Moroni JL, Tsoi S, Wenger II, Tran C, Plastow GS, Charagu P, Dyck MK. The influence of litter birth weight phenotype on embryonic and placental development at day 30 of gestation in multiparous purebred Large White sows. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 244:107035. [PMID: 35901575 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the intrauterine biological processes associated with the low litter birth weight phenotype in pigs. Analyses were conducted on reproductive data from a purebred Large White maternal line to identify sows (>2 parities) with repeatable high or low litter birth weight phenotype (HLBWP or LLBWP). A total of 40 sows were selected (n = 20 HLBWP and n = 20 LLBWP) and bred with semen from purebred Large White boars of proven fertility. Sows were euthanized on day 28-30 of gestation (day 29.5 ± 0.6) and samples of placenta and embryos collected. Total number of embryos (TNE), embryonic weight (EW), embryonic viability, and crown-rump (CRL) measurements were recorded, along with the ovulation rate (OR) and allantochorionic fluid volume (AFV). No significant difference was detected (P > 0.05) in OR, TNE, and number of viable embryos on day 30 of gestation between the two groups. There was no significant difference in EW (LLBWP: 0.80 ± 0.05 g; HLBWP: 0.88 ± 0.04 g, P = 0.18) or CRL (LLBWP: 21.5 ± 0.7 mm; HLBWP: 21.9 ± 0.68 mm, P = 0.46). Placental development represented by the average AFV was significantly lower in the LLBWP compared to HLBWP (LLBWP: 131 ± 9.82 mL; HLBWP: 149 ± 9.39 mL, P = 0.03). In conclusion, placental development may be the main factor causing lower BW of entire litters in LLBWP sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Moroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - S Tsoi
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - I I Wenger
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Tran
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G S Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Charagu
- Hypor, Hendrix Genetics, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - M K Dyck
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Dalto BD, Tsoi S, Audet I, Dyck MK, Foxcroft GR, Matte JJ. Gene expression of porcine blastocysts from gilts fed organic or inorganic selenium and pyridoxine. Reproduction 2014; 149:31-42. [PMID: 25326430 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined how maternal dietary supplementation with pyridoxine combined with different sources of selenium (Se) affected global gene expression of porcine expanded blastocysts (PEB) during pregnancy. Eighteen gilts were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental diets (n=6 per treatment): i) basal diet without supplemental Se or pyridoxine (CONT); ii) CONT+0.3 mg/kg of Na-selenite and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (MSeB610); and iii) CONT+0.3 mg/kg of Se-enriched yeast and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (OSeB610). All gilts were inseminated at their fifth post-pubertal estrus and killed 5 days later for embryo harvesting. A porcine embryo-specific microarray was used to detect differentially gene expression between MSeB610 vs CONT, OSeB610 vs CONT, and OSeB610 vs MSeB610. CONT gilts had lower whole blood Se and erythrocyte pyridoxal-5-P concentrations than supplemented gilts (P<0.05). No treatment effect was observed on blood plasma Se-glutathione peroxidase activity (P=0.57). There were 10, 247, and 96 differentially expressed genes for MSeB610 vs CONT, OSeB610 vs CONT, and OSeB610 vs MSeB610 respectively. No specific biological process was associated with MSeB610 vs CONT. However, for OSeB610 vs CONT, upregulated genes were related with global protein synthesis but not to selenoproteins. The stimulation of some genes related with monooxygenase and thioredoxin families was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In conclusion, OSeB610 affects PEB metabolism more markedly than MSeB610. Neither Se sources with pyridoxine influenced the Se-glutathione peroxidase metabolic pathway in the PEB, but OSeB610 selectively stimulated genes involved with antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Dalto
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - S Tsoi
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - I Audet
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - M K Dyck
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - G R Foxcroft
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - J J Matte
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8Department of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Animal ScienceUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
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Abstract
The etiology of preeclampsia is unknown but is thought to be related to hypoxia in the placenta. We previously reported that the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has increased activity and gene expression in placentas from preeclamptic pregnancies [Tsoi SCM, Zheng J, Xu F, Kay HH. Differential expression of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes (LDH) in human placenta with high expression of LDH-A(4) isozyme in the endothelial cells of pre-eclampsia villi. Placenta 2001;22:317-22]. LDH is responsible for pyruvate conversion to lactate through glycolysis. In this study, we further investigated the role of hypoxia in primary trophoblast cells and a cultured cell line, JEG3 cells, to obtain a better understanding of how it affects the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, lactate production and regulatory genes, as a possible model for preeclampsia. Primary trophoblast cells and JEG3 cells were cultured under 1% oxygen. At 6, 12 and 24h, cells were analyzed for LDHA and LDHB isozyme activities, mRNA and protein expression compared to standard culture conditions. Lactate was measured from cell medium. The hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1alpha) protein expression was confirmed by western blot. Two lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) mRNA and protein expression were also studied under hypoxia. Finally, lactate was measured in plasma obtained from patients with severe preeclampsia. Under hypoxic conditions, LDHA mRNA is increased in primary trophoblast cells and JEG3 cells. The HIF-1alpha protein expression is higher in hypoxia-treated JEG3 cells than control. LDHA isozyme activity and its protein expression are increased most significantly at 24h of culture under hypoxia. However, LDHB protein is unchanged while its mRNA is decreased. Lactate secretion from JEG3 cells under hypoxia is increased, as is the lactate levels in the plasma from preeclampsia patients. Of the two lactate transporters studied, MCT4 mRNA and protein level are increased under hypoxia. Our findings support the role of hypoxia in inducing HIF-1alpha activity in trophoblasts and increasing LDH transcription as well as its activity. Higher levels of lactate are produced and secreted which may contribute to the higher lactate levels in plasma of preeclamptic patients. These mechanisms may be important in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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