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Bouwman L, den Hamer B, van den Heuvel A, Franken M, Jackson M, Dwyer C, Tapscott S, Rigo F, van der Maarel S, de Greef J. FSHD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Goossens R, van den Boogaard M, Lemmers R, Balog J, van der Vliet P, Willemsen I, Schouten J, Maggio I, van der Stoep N, Hoeben R, Tapscott S, Geijsen N, Gonçalves M, Sacconi S, Tawil R, van der Maarel S. FSHD / OPMD / MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Goselink R, Scheur V, van Kernebeek C, Padberg G, van der Maarel S, van Engelen B, Erasmus C, Theelen T. P.40Ophthalmological findings in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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van den Heuvel A, Mahfouz A, Kloet S, Balog J, van Engelen B, Tawil R, Tapscott S, van der Maarel S. NEW GENES, FUNCTIONS AND BIOMARKERS. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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de Greef J, Krom Y, den Hamer B, Snider L, Hiramuki Y, van den Akker R, Salvatori D, Tawil R, Blewitt M, Tapscott S, van der Maarel S. Smchd1 haploinsufficiency exacerbates the phenotype of a transgenic FSHD1 mouse model. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Goossens R, Balog J, Lemmers J, van den Boogaard M, van der Vliet P, Donlin-Smith C, Nations S, Kriek M, Ruivenkamp C, Heard P, Bakker B, Tapscott S, Cody J, Tawil R, van der Maarel S. Monosomy 18p: Risks for developing FSHD. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Lassche S, Voermans N, Heerschap A, Hopman M, Kusters B, van der Maarel S, van Engelen B, Ottenheijm C. Changes in sarcomeric contractile function influence force generation in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lassche S, Voermans N, Heerschap A, Hopman M, Kusters B, van der Maarel S, Stienen G, Ottenheijm C, van Engelen B. Why are FSHD muscles weak? A novel role for sarcomeric proteins. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mul K, Horlings G, Lemmers R, Voermans N, van der Maarel S, van Engelen B. Disease modifying factors in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Protocol of the FSHD-FOCUS study. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Trollet C, Bales O, Anvar Y, Foster K, Mamchaoui K, ’t Hoen P, Raz V, van der Maarel S, Antoniou M, Mouly V, Butler-Browne G, Dickson G. T.P.1.09 Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD): Physiopathological mechanisms and gene therapy approaches. Neuromuscul Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sacconi S, Salviati L, Bourget I, Figarella D, Péréon Y, Lemmers R, van der Maarel S, Desnuelle C. Diagnostic challenges in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Neurology 2006; 67:1464-6. [PMID: 17060574 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000240071.62540.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) can be difficult due to its clinical variability and complex genetic cause. We present three challenging cases: one misdiagnosis of FSHD, one patient with FSHD resembling mitochondrial myopathy, and one patient with combined FSHD and limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. Detailed clinical and genetic evaluation, including 4qA/4qB allele determination, may be needed for the diagnosis of FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sacconi
- Féderation des maladies neuromusculaires, CHU de Nice and INSERM U638, Nice, France.
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Buzhkov BT, Vŭzharova R, Dimitrova V, Dimova I, Tŭrnev I, van der Wielen M, van der Maarel S, Bakker B. [First facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy prenatal diagnosis in a Bulgarian family]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 2005; 44:30-3. [PMID: 15853025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common myopathy. It is characterized by progressive descendent involvement of facial, shoulder girdle, truncal and lower extremities muscles. FSHD locus was mapped on the terminal part of the long arm of chromosome 4 (4q35). The disease is caused by a deletion of an integral number of tandem D4Z4 repeats and dimension of the pathological fragments < or = 38kb. Prenatal diagnosis of FSHD is possible but it is potentially difficult because of the big amount and high quality of DNA required. Hereby we describe the first prenatal tests performed for a Bulgarian family.
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Nothwang HG, Schröer A, van der Maarel S, Kübart S, Schneider S, Riesselmann L, Menzel C, Hinzmann B, Vogt D, Rosenthal A, Fryns J, Tommerup N, Haaf T, Ropers HH, Wirth J. Molecular cloning of Xp11 breakpoints in two unrelated mentally retarded females with X;autosome translocations. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2001; 90:126-33. [PMID: 11060462 DOI: 10.1159/000015647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mental retardation is a very common and extremely heterogeneous disorder that affects about 3% of the human population. Its molecular basis is largely unknown, but many loci have been mapped to the X chromosome. We report on two mentally retarded females with X;autosome translocations and breakpoints in Xp11, viz., t(X;17)(p11;p13) and t(X;20)(p11;q13). (Fiber-) FISH analysis assigned the breakpoints to different subbands, Xp11.4 and Xp11.23, separated by approximately 8 Mb. High-resolution mapping of the X- chromosome breakpoints using Southern blot hybridization resulted in the isolation of breakpoint-spanning genomic subclones of 3 kb and 0. 5 kb. The Xp11.4 breakpoint is contained within a single copy sequence, whereas the Xp11.23 breakpoint sequence resembles an L1 repetitive element. Several expressed sequences map close to the breakpoints, but none was found to be inactivated. Therefore, mechanisms other than disruption of X-chromosome genes likely cause the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Nothwang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.
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Beckers M, Gabriëls J, van der Maarel S, De Vriese A, Frants RR, Collen D, Belayew A. Active genes in junk DNA? Characterization of DUX genes embedded within 3.3 kb repeated elements. Gene 2001; 264:51-7. [PMID: 11245978 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains hundreds of repeats of the 3.3 kb family in regions associated with heterochromatin. We have previously isolated a 3.3 kb-like cDNA encoding a double homeodomain protein (DUX1). Demonstration that the protein was expressed in human rhabdomyosarcoma TE671 cells, and characterization of a homologous promoter suggested that functional DUX genes might be present in 3.3 kb elements. In the present study, we describe two nearly identical 3.3 kb/DUX genes derived from PAC 137F16 (DUX3), and TE671 genomic DNA (DUX5), both mapping to all the acrocentric chromosomes. Their promoters harbor a GC and a TATAA box, and the open reading frame of the intronless structural part encodes two DUX proteins differing by alternative translation initiation. The shorter protein of the DUX5 gene is identical to DUX1. Using a protein truncation test, we could show that these two proteins are encoded by total RNA, but not by poly (A)(+) RNA, from different human tissues and cell lines. Our results indicate that active genes of unusual structure are present in chromosome regions characterized by large amounts of heterochromatic repetitive DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beckers
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Scheer MP, van der Maarel S, Kübart S, Schulz A, Wirth J, Schweiger S, Ropers H, Nothwang HG. DXS6673E encodes a predominantly nuclear protein, and its mouse ortholog DXHXS6673E is alternatively spliced in a developmental- and tissue-specific manner. Genomics 2000; 63:123-32. [PMID: 10662551 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DXS6673E is a candidate gene for nonspecific X-linked mental retardation and encodes a novel Zn-finger protein. The ortholog murine gene DXHXS6673E in XC-D was isolated and characterized. It is ubiquitously expressed in all embryonic stages and adult tissues. Two different transcription start sites exist that result in two major transcripts of 6055 and 5352 nucleotides, each composed of 25 exons. Exon 1A is tissue specific, whereas exon 1B is transcribed constitutively. Both variants are translated into the same 1370-amino-acid protein. Transcripts are subject to alternative splicing at the 5'-end. Some of the isoforms are developmental stage and tissue specific. Among them, one was present only in embryos and adult brain. Sequence analysis demonstrated evolutionary conservation down to the arthropods and defined several conserved protein motifs. Subcellular localization studies with green fluorescent protein as a reporter showed that DXS6673E is predominantly located in the nucleus due to several functional nuclear localization signals. Three distinct protein distribution patterns in COS-7 cells could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Scheer
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Ihnestrasse 73, Berlin-Dahlem, D-14195, Germany
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16
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Stout K, van der Maarel S, Frants RR, Padberg GW, Ropers HH, Haaf T. Somatic pairing between subtelomeric chromosome regions: implications for human genetic disease? Chromosome Res 1999; 7:323-9. [PMID: 10515207 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009287111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to study the spatial orientation of subtelomeric chromosome regions in the interphase nucleus. Compared to interstitial chromosomal sites, subtelomeres showed an increased number of somatic pairings. However, pairing frequency also depended on the specific regions involved and varied both between different subtelomeres and between different interstitial regions. An increased incidence of somatic pairing may play at least some role in the frequent involvement of the subtelomeres in cytogenetically cryptic chromosome rearrangements. In patients suffering from facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), which is associated with a deletion of subtelomeric repeats, the FSHD region on 4qter showed a changed pairing behavior, which could be indicative of a position effect and/or trans-sensing effect as a cause for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stout
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Wirth J, Nothwang HG, van der Maarel S, Menzel C, Borck G, Lopez-Pajares I, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Tommerup N, Bugge M, Ropers HH, Haaf T. Systematic characterisation of disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements by FISH: cytogenetically and genetically anchored YACs identify microdeletions and candidate regions for mental retardation genes. J Med Genet 1999; 36:271-8. [PMID: 10227392 PMCID: PMC1734345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements (DBCRs) have been instrumental in the isolation of many disease genes. To facilitate the molecular cytogenetic characterisation of DBCRs, we have generated a set of >1200 non-chimeric, cytogenetically and genetically anchored CEPH YACs, on average one per 3 cM, spaced over the entire human genome. By fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), we have performed a systematic search for YACs spanning translocation breakpoints. Patients with DBCRs and either syndromic or non-syndromic mental retardation (MR) were ascertained through the Mendelian Cytogenetics Network (MCN), a collaborative effort of, at present, 270 cytogenetic laboratories throughout the world. In this pilot study, we have characterised 10 different MR associated chromosome regions delineating candidate regions for MR. Five of these regions are narrowed to breakpoint spanning YACs, three of which are located on chromosomes 13q21, 13q22, and 13q32, respectively, one on chromosome 4p14, and one on 6q25. In two out of six DBCRs, we found cytogenetically cryptic deletions of 3-5 Mb on one or both translocation chromosomes. Thus, cryptic deletions may be an important cause of disease in seemingly balanced chromosome rearrangements that are associated with a disease phenotype. Our region specific FISH probes, which are available to MCN members, can be a powerful tool in clinical cytogenetics and positional cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wirth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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Grewal PK, Todd LC, van der Maarel S, Frants RR, Hewitt JE. FRG1, a gene in the FSH muscular dystrophy region on human chromosome 4q35, is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. Gene X 1998; 216:13-9. [PMID: 9714712 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human FRG1 gene maps to human chromosome 4q35 and was identified as a candidate for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. However, FRG1 is apparently not causally associated with the disease and as yet, its function remains unclear. We have cloned homologues of FRG1 from two additional vertebrates, the mouse and the Japanese puffer fish Fugu rubripes, and investigated the genomic organization of the genes in the two species. The intron/exon structure of the genes is identical throughout the protein coding region, although the Fugu gene is five times smaller than the mouse gene. We have also identified FRG1 homologues in two nematodes; Caenorhabditis elegans and Brugia malayi. The FRG1 protein is highly conserved and contains a lipocalin sequence motif, suggesting it may function as a transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Grewal
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, 3.239 Stopford Building, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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19
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Kingsley K, Wirth J, van der Maarel S, Freier S, Ropers HH, Haaf T. Complex FISH probes for the subtelomeric regions of all human chromosomes: comparative hybridization of CEPH YACs to chromosomes of the Old World monkey Presbytis cristata and great apes. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1997; 78:12-9. [PMID: 9345897 DOI: 10.1159/000134616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have generated a human subtelomere probe panel, utilizing well characterized CEPH YACs, for the investigation of human chromosome pathology and evolution through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Region-specific FISH probes will be extremely valuable for detecting cytogenetically cryptic telomere abnormalities. Here, we present the first comparative mapping study (with 29 subtelomere probes and 6 chromosome paints) to the Old World monkey Presbytis cristata, followed by hybridizations to the great apes, gorilla and orangutan, when rearrangements were detected. We observed that the position of telomere-associated genomic sequences has been only moderately conserved during primate evolution. YAC 364f9, specific for the subtelomeric long arm of human chromosome 3, contains an evolutionary inversion breakpoint that was involved in independent chromosome rearrangements in P. cristata and gorilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kingsley
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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van der Maarel S, van Dijk KW, Alexander CM, Sasso EH, Bull A, Milner EC. Chromosomal organization of the human VH4 gene family. Location of individual gene segments. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.150.7.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the organization and evolution of VH gene segments, we characterized the elements belonging to the VH4 gene family from the germline of a single subject. One hundred sixty VH4-carrying lambda-phage clones were isolated from a genomic library. A combination of hybridization and sequence analysis yielded 13 distinct VH4 clones. Six of these elements had one or more nucleotide substitutions that distinguished them from previously identified VH4 genes, whereas seven elements were identical to previously described VH4 genes. In four of the six new sequences, nucleotide substitutions resulted in amino acid replacements. One pseudogene was identified. On the basis of sequence-specific hybridization using oligonucleotide probes corresponding to these sequences, each of the elements could be assigned to a specific band in a BglII digest. Since the VH4-carrying BglII bands have been mapped in genomic DNA, it was also possible to assign chromosomal locations to the specific VH4 elements. The results indicate that the majority of VH4 elements are located in a region of approximately 500 kb, extending from approximately 500 to 1000 kb 5' of the JH locus. The distribution of shared structural motifs among the VH4 elements indicates that the VH4 gene family has evolved through repeated duplication and gene conversion events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K W van Dijk
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - E H Sasso
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - A Bull
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - E C Milner
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101
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van der Maarel S, van Dijk KW, Alexander CM, Sasso EH, Bull A, Milner EC. Chromosomal organization of the human VH4 gene family. Location of individual gene segments. J Immunol 1993; 150:2858-68. [PMID: 8454861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the organization and evolution of VH gene segments, we characterized the elements belonging to the VH4 gene family from the germline of a single subject. One hundred sixty VH4-carrying lambda-phage clones were isolated from a genomic library. A combination of hybridization and sequence analysis yielded 13 distinct VH4 clones. Six of these elements had one or more nucleotide substitutions that distinguished them from previously identified VH4 genes, whereas seven elements were identical to previously described VH4 genes. In four of the six new sequences, nucleotide substitutions resulted in amino acid replacements. One pseudogene was identified. On the basis of sequence-specific hybridization using oligonucleotide probes corresponding to these sequences, each of the elements could be assigned to a specific band in a BglII digest. Since the VH4-carrying BglII bands have been mapped in genomic DNA, it was also possible to assign chromosomal locations to the specific VH4 elements. The results indicate that the majority of VH4 elements are located in a region of approximately 500 kb, extending from approximately 500 to 1000 kb 5' of the JH locus. The distribution of shared structural motifs among the VH4 elements indicates that the VH4 gene family has evolved through repeated duplication and gene conversion events.
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