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Anderson EJ, Creech CB, Berthaud V, Piramzadian A, Johnson KA, Zervos M, Garner F, Griffin C, Palanpurwala K, Turner M, Gerber J, Bennett RL, Ali K, Ampajwala M, Berman G, Nayak J, Chronis C, Rizzardi B, Muller WJ, Smith CA, Fuchs G, Hsia D, Tomassini JE, DeLucia D, Reuter C, Kuter B, Zhao X, Deng W, Zhou H, Ramirez Schrempp D, Hautzinger K, Girard B, Slobod K, McPhee R, Pajon R, Aunins A, Das R, Miller JM, Schnyder Ghamloush S. Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1673-1687. [PMID: 36260859 PMCID: PMC9634866 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2209367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA-1273 coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccine in young children are unknown. METHODS Part 1 of this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 was an observer-blinded, placebo-controlled evaluation of the selected dose. In part 2, we randomly assigned young children (6 months to 5 years of age) in a 3:1 ratio to receive two 25-μg injections of mRNA-1273 or placebo, administered 28 days apart. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine and to determine whether the immune response in these children was noninferior to that in young adults (18 to 25 years of age) in a related phase 3 trial. Secondary objectives were to determine the incidences of Covid-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection after administration of mRNA-1273 or placebo. RESULTS On the basis of safety and immunogenicity results in part 1 of the trial, the 25-μg dose was evaluated in part 2. In part 2, 3040 children 2 to 5 years of age and 1762 children 6 to 23 months of age were randomly assigned to receive two 25-μg injections of mRNA-1273; 1008 children 2 to 5 years of age and 593 children 6 to 23 months of age were randomly assigned to receive placebo. The median duration of follow-up after the second injection was 71 days in the 2-to-5-year-old cohort and 68 days in the 6-to-23-month-old cohort. Adverse events were mainly low-grade and transient, and no new safety concerns were identified. At day 57, neutralizing antibody geometric mean concentrations were 1410 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1272 to 1563) among 2-to-5-year-olds and 1781 (95% CI, 1616 to 1962) among 6-to-23-month-olds, as compared with 1391 (95% CI, 1263 to 1531) among young adults, who had received 100-μg injections of mRNA-1273, findings that met the noninferiority criteria for immune responses for both age cohorts. The estimated vaccine efficacy against Covid-19 was 36.8% (95% CI, 12.5 to 54.0) among 2-to-5-year-olds and 50.6% (95% CI, 21.4 to 68.6) among 6-to-23-month-olds, at a time when B.1.1.529 (omicron) was the predominant circulating variant. CONCLUSIONS Two 25-μg doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine were found to be safe in children 6 months to 5 years of age and elicited immune responses that were noninferior to those in young adults. (Funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; KidCOVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04796896.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Anderson
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - C Buddy Creech
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Vladimir Berthaud
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Arin Piramzadian
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Kimball A Johnson
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Marcus Zervos
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Fredric Garner
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Carl Griffin
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Khozema Palanpurwala
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Mark Turner
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Gerber
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Richard L Bennett
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Kashif Ali
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Madhavi Ampajwala
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Gary Berman
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Jennifer Nayak
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Carey Chronis
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Barbara Rizzardi
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - William J Muller
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Christopher A Smith
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - George Fuchs
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Daniel Hsia
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Joanne E Tomassini
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Dianne DeLucia
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Caroline Reuter
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Barbara Kuter
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Weiping Deng
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Honghong Zhou
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Daniela Ramirez Schrempp
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Kelly Hautzinger
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Bethany Girard
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Karen Slobod
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Roderick McPhee
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Rolando Pajon
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Anne Aunins
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Rituparna Das
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Jacqueline M Miller
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (E.J.A.), and IResearch Atlanta, Decatur (K.A.J.) - all in Georgia; the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; OnSite Clinical Solutions, Charlotte, NC (A.P.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (M.Z.); Pi-Coor Clinical Research, Burke, VA (F.G.); the Lynn Health Science Institute, Oklahoma City (C.G.); the Cyfair Clinical Research Center (K.P.) and the Texas Center for Drug Development (K.A.), Houston, and ACRC Trials, Frisco (M.A.) - all in Texas; Velocity Clinical Research, Meridian, ID (M.T.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Research Partners, Philadelphia (J.G.); Clinical Research Partners, Richmond, VA (R.L.B.); Clinical Research Institute, Minneapolis (G.B.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (J.N.), and Certified Research Associates, Cortland (C.A.S.) - both in New York; Pediatric, Infant, and Adolescent Medicine, Ventura, CA (C.C.); Velocity Clinical Research, West Jordan, UT (B.R.); Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (W.J.M.); the University of Kentucky, Lexington (G.F.); the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (D.H.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., D.D., C.R., B.K., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., A.A., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
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Creech CB, Anderson E, Berthaud V, Yildirim I, Atz AM, Melendez Baez I, Finkelstein D, Pickrell P, Kirstein J, Yut C, Blair R, Clifford RA, Dunn M, Campbell JD, Montefiori DC, Tomassini JE, Zhao X, Deng W, Zhou H, Ramirez Schrempp D, Hautzinger K, Girard B, Slobod K, McPhee R, Pajon R, Das R, Miller JM, Schnyder Ghamloush S. Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2011-2023. [PMID: 35544369 PMCID: PMC9127699 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2203315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination of children to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an urgent public health need. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in children 6 to 11 years of age are unknown. METHODS Part 1 of this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 was an observer-blinded, placebo-controlled expansion evaluation of the selected dose. In part 2, we randomly assigned children (6 to 11 years of age) in a 3:1 ratio to receive two injections of mRNA-1273 (50 μg each) or placebo, administered 28 days apart. The primary objectives were evaluation of the safety of the vaccine in children and the noninferiority of the immune response in these children to that in young adults (18 to 25 years of age) in a related phase 3 trial. Secondary objectives included determination of the incidences of confirmed Covid-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, regardless of symptoms. Interim analysis results are reported. RESULTS In part 1 of the trial, 751 children received 50-μg or 100-μg injections of the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and on the basis of safety and immunogenicity results, the 50-μg dose level was selected for part 2. In part 2 of the trial, 4016 children were randomly assigned to receive two injections of mRNA-1273 (50 μg each) or placebo and were followed for a median of 82 days (interquartile range, 14 to 94) after the first injection. This dose level was associated with mainly low-grade, transient adverse events, most commonly injection-site pain, headache, and fatigue. No vaccine-related serious adverse events, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, myocarditis, or pericarditis were reported as of the data-cutoff date. One month after the second injection (day 57), the neutralizing antibody titer in children who received mRNA-1273 at a 50-μg level was 1610 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1457 to 1780), as compared with 1300 (95% CI, 1171 to 1443) at the 100-μg level in young adults, with serologic responses in at least 99.0% of the participants in both age groups, findings that met the prespecified noninferiority success criterion. Estimated vaccine efficacy was 88.0% (95% CI, 70.0 to 95.8) against Covid-19 occurring 14 days or more after the first injection, at a time when B.1.617.2 (delta) was the dominant circulating variant. CONCLUSIONS Two 50-μg doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine were found to be safe and effective in inducing immune responses and preventing Covid-19 in children 6 to 11 years of age; these responses were noninferior to those in young adults. (Funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; KidCOVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04796896.).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buddy Creech
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Evan Anderson
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Vladimir Berthaud
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Inci Yildirim
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Andrew M Atz
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Ivan Melendez Baez
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Daniel Finkelstein
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Paul Pickrell
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Judith Kirstein
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Clifford Yut
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Ronald Blair
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Robert A Clifford
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Michael Dunn
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - James D Campbell
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - David C Montefiori
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Joanne E Tomassini
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Weiping Deng
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Honghong Zhou
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Daniela Ramirez Schrempp
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Kelly Hautzinger
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Bethany Girard
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Karen Slobod
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Roderick McPhee
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Rolando Pajon
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Rituparna Das
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Jacqueline M Miller
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
| | - Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush
- From the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (C.B.C.), and Meharry Medical College (V.B.) - both in Nashville; the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine - both in Atlanta (E.A.); the Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and the Yale Institute for Global Health - all in New Haven, CT (I.Y.); the Medical University of South Carolina (A.M.A.) and Coastal Pediatric Associates (R.A.C.) - both in Charleston; Boca Raton Clinical Research Global, Edinburg (I.M.B.), Tekton Research, Austin (P.P.), Highland Woods Health, The Woodlands (C.Y.), Texas Health Care, Privia Medical Group-North Texas, Fort Worth, and Forest Lane Pediatrics, Dallas (R.B.) - all in Texas; Capitol Medical Group, Chevy Chase (D.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.D.C.) - both in Maryland; Privia Medical Group, Arlington, VA (D.F., C.Y.); Velocity Clinical Research, Banning, CA (J.K.); Javara, Winston-Salem (C.Y., R.B.), and the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (D.C.M.) - both in North Carolina; Quality Clinical Research, Omaha, NE (M.D.); and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (J.E.T., X.Z., W.D., H.Z., D.R.S., K.H., B.G., K.S., R.M., R.P., R.D., J.M.M., S.S.G.)
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