Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS, Gabri MF, Abdel-Aziz SM, Ismail AM, Raafat DM, Elnakeeb IF. Midkine: Utility as a Predictor of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021;
13:293-299. [PMID:
33565751 PMCID:
PMC8388054 DOI:
10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2020.0303]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to assess the role of serum midkine (MK) as a biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) before microalbuminuria emerges.
Methods
A total of 120 children with T1DM, comprising 60 microalbuminuric patients (Group 1), 60 normoalbuminuric patients (Group 2), and 60 healthy participants as a control group (Group 3) were included. Detailed medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c percentage (HbA1c%), lipid profile, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), serum MK and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine were performed in all participants.
Results
Both Group 1 and Group 2 had significantly higher serum MK compared to controls (p<0.001). Additionally, significantly higher MK concentrations were present in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the MK concentration cutoff value of 1512 pg/mL was able to predict microalbuminuria with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 92%. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that HbA1c%, hs-CRP, and ACR were independently related to MK levels (p<0.001 for each).
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that serum MK is a useful, novel, practical marker for the evaluation of renal involvement in children with T1DM, especially in normoalbuminuric children.
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