1
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Egashira S, Tachibana T, Nakamura M, Ohkawa Y, Harada A. Production of a Monoclonal Antibody for Histone H2b Isoform H2b3b. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:75-80. [PMID: 38502827 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
H2b3b is one of the histone H2b isoforms that differs from canonical H2b by five to six amino acids. Previously, we identified H3t as the testis-specific histone H3 variant located in histone cluster 3, which is also the site of H2b3b. In this study, we produced monoclonal antibodies against H2b3b, using the iliac rat lymph node method for rat antibody and the immunochamber method for rabbit antibody. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that our antibodies could specifically discriminate between H2b3b and canonical H2b. Moreover, immunostaining revealed colocalization with a testicular stem cell marker, Plzf, but not with a meiotic marker, Sycp. This indicated that H2b3b is expressed in spermatogenic cells before meiosis. Our monoclonal antibodies enable further studies to reveal specific functions of H2b3b during spermatogenesis. We also hope that the established method will lead to the production of antibodies that can identify other H2b isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Egashira
- Animal Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Division of Science and Engineering for Materials, Chemistry and Biology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Animal Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Egashira S, Tachibana T, Nakamura M, Ohkawa Y, Harada A. Monoclonal Antibody Rat 2F11 and Rabbit A3 Against Anti-H2b3b. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:81-82. [PMID: 38563773 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2024.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Egashira
- Animal Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Animal Life Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Morita T, Kojima T, Matsuo S, Matsukiyo S, Isayama S, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Sato Y, Shiota J, Pan Y, Tomita K, Takezaki T, Kuramitsu Y, Sakai K, Egashira S, Ishihara H, Kuramoto O, Matsumoto Y, Maeda K, Sakawa Y. Detection of current-sheet and bipolar ion flows in a self-generated antiparallel magnetic field of laser-produced plasmas for magnetic reconnection research. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055207. [PMID: 36559487 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection in laser-produced magnetized plasma is investigated by using optical diagnostics. The magnetic field is generated via the Biermann battery effect, and the inversely directed magnetic field lines interact with each other. It is shown by self-emission measurement that two colliding plasmas stagnate on a midplane, forming two planar dense regions, and that they interact later in time. Laser Thomson scattering spectra are distorted in the direction of the self-generated magnetic field, indicating asymmetric ion velocity distribution and plasma acceleration. In addition, the spectra perpendicular to the magnetic field show different peak intensity, suggesting an electron current formation. These results are interpreted as magnetic field dissipation, reconnection, and outflow acceleration. Two-directional laser Thomson scattering is, as discussed here, a powerful tool for the investigation of microphysics in the reconnection region.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Matsuo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S Isayama
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - J Shiota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Pan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - H Ishihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - O Kuramoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Maeda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Sakai K, Moritaka T, Morita T, Tomita K, Minami T, Nishimoto T, Egashira S, Ota M, Sakawa Y, Ozaki N, Kodama R, Kojima T, Takezaki T, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Mabey P, Woolsey N, Matsukiyo S, Takabe H, Hoshino M, Kuramitsu Y. Author Correction: Direct observations of pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16501. [PMID: 36192592 PMCID: PMC9530177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan. .,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.
| | - T Moritaka
- Department of Helical Plasma Research, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509‑5292, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6‑1 Kasuga‑Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816‑8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita‑ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060‑8628, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6‑1 Kasuga‑Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816‑8580, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930‑8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5‑10‑1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252‑5258, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5‑10‑1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252‑5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5‑10‑1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252‑5258, Japan
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Mabey
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6‑1 Kasuga‑Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816‑8580, Japan
| | - H Takabe
- Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113‑0033, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan. .,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2‑6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565‑0871, Japan.
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5
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Matsukiyo S, Yamazaki R, Morita T, Tomita K, Kuramitsu Y, Sano T, Tanaka SJ, Takezaki T, Isayama S, Higuchi T, Murakami H, Horie Y, Katsuki N, Hatsuyama R, Edamoto M, Nishioka H, Takagi M, Kojima T, Tomita S, Ishizaka N, Kakuchi S, Sei S, Sugiyama K, Aihara K, Kambayashi S, Ota M, Egashira S, Izumi T, Minami T, Nakagawa Y, Sakai K, Iwamoto M, Ozaki N, Sakawa Y. High-power laser experiment on developing supercritical shock propagating in homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:025205. [PMID: 36109929 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.025205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A developing supercritical collisionless shock propagating in a homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin having higher uniformity than the previous experiments is formed by using high-power laser experiment. The ambient plasma is not contaminated by the plasma produced in the early time after the laser shot. While the observed developing shock does not have stationary downstream structure, it possesses some characteristics of a magnetized supercritical shock, which are supported by a one-dimensional full particle-in-cell simulation taking the effect of finite time of laser-target interaction into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminamiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-0985, Japan
| | - S Isayama
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Murakami
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Horie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - N Katsuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Hatsuyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Edamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Nishioka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Takagi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Tomita
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kakuchi
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Sei
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kambayashi
- Department of Physical Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Iwamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Sakai K, Moritaka T, Morita T, Tomita K, Minami T, Nishimoto T, Egashira S, Ota M, Sakawa Y, Ozaki N, Kodama R, Kojima T, Takezaki T, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Mabey P, Woolsey N, Matsukiyo S, Takabe H, Hoshino M, Kuramitsu Y. Direct observations of pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10921. [PMID: 35773286 PMCID: PMC9247195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a universal process in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. It alters magnetic field topology and results in energy release to the plasma. Here we report the experimental results of a pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection, which is not accompanied with ion flows. By controlling an applied magnetic field in a laser produced plasma, we have constructed an experiment that magnetizes the electrons but not the ions. This allows us to isolate the electron dynamics from the ions. Collective Thomson scattering measurements reveal the electron Alfvénic outflow without ion outflow. The resultant plasmoid and whistler waves are observed with the magnetic induction probe measurements. We observe the unique features of electron-scale magnetic reconnection simultaneously in laser produced plasmas, including global structures, local plasma parameters, magnetic field, and waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - T Moritaka
- Department of Helical Plasma Research, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - P Mabey
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Takabe
- Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Nakano T, Tagashira Y, Egashira S, Morimoto M, Irie K, Hosokawa M, Hayashi T, Egawa T, Hayakawa K, Mishima K. Therapeutic effect of anti-HMGB1 antibody in a mouse model of 4-h middle cerebral artery occlusion: comparison with tissue plasminogen activator. Neuroreport 2022; 33:297-303. [PMID: 35594440 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke. We previously demonstrated that tPA treatment caused hemorrhagic complications in a 4-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model when administered after reperfusion. In the present study, we administered an anti-high mobility group box 1 (αHMGB1) antibody to 4-h MCAO mice to evaluate the usability of αHMGB1 antibody treatment in the delayed phase of ischemia, beyond the therapeutic time window of tPA. METHODS αHMGB1 antibody, tPA and control IgG were dissolved in normal saline and administered intravenously into the tail vein of the mice after reperfusion. Infarct volume, hemorrhagic volume, brain swelling, functional outcomes and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as HMGB1, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were evaluated 24 h after MCAO. RESULTS tPA treatment was not only ineffective but also caused a massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Treatment with αHMGB1 antibody reduced the infarct volume and swelling and ameliorated neurologic impairment and motor coordination without hemorrhagic complications by inhibiting HMGB1 activity. Moreover, the αHMGB1 antibody suppressed pathways of secondary inflammatory responses, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, after cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION These results indicate that αHMGB1 antibody may be therapeutically efficient in the delayed phase of ischemia, where tPA treatment is no longer an eligible option. Treatment with an αHMGB1 antibody may be an effective therapeutic option in patients who exceed the tPA therapeutic time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nakano
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Management
| | | | | | | | | | - Masato Hosokawa
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Egawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Management
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Morimoto M, Nakano T, Egashira S, Irie K, Matsuyama K, Wada M, Nakamura Y, Shigemori Y, Ishikura H, Yamashita Y, Hayakawa K, Sano K, Mishima K. Haptoglobin Regulates Macrophage/Microglia-Induced Inflammation and Prevents Ischemic Brain Damage Via Binding to HMGB1. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024424. [PMID: 35243897 PMCID: PMC9075294 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) is known to worsen the functional prognosis after cerebral ischemia. Hp (haptoglobin) binds and sequesters HMGB1. Furthermore, Hp-HMGB1 complexes are rapidly cleared by scavenger receptors on macrophages/microglia and modulate polarization of macrophages/microglia toward the M2 phenotype. Therefore, Hp may prevent aggravation by HMGB1 after cerebral ischemia and promote tissue repair by M2 macrophages/microglia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hp on ischemic brain damage induced by a high systemic HMGB1 level in mice subjected to 4 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods and Results One day after MCAO, Hp was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 or 200 U/kg once daily for 7 days. Neurological scores, motor coordination, and plasma HMGB1 levels were measured 1, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. Expression of M1 and M2 macrophage/microglia markers, such as CD16/32 and CD206, were evaluated by immunostaining 7 days after MCAO. Treatment with Hp for 7 days improved the neurological score, motor coordination, and survival and prevented brain damage after MCAO. The systemic HMGB1 level increased 1 to 7 days after MCAO and was higher at 7 days than at day 1. Hp significantly decreased the systemic HMGB1 level and increased the M2 phenotype when compared with the M1 phenotype after MCAO. Conclusions Hp improved functional outcomes, including survival, motor function, and brain damage by binding to HMGB1 and modulating the polarization of macrophages/microglia. Hp may be an effective option in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuka Morimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan.,Department of Pharmacy Almeida Memorial Hospital Oita Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan.,Departments of Radiology and Neurology Neuroprotection Research LaboratoryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA
| | - Saki Egashira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsuyama
- Faculty of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan
| | - Momoka Wada
- Faculty of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yutaka Shigemori
- Department of Sports Medicine Faculty of Sports and Health Science Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Fukuoka University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuta Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology Neuroprotection Research LaboratoryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA
| | - Kazunori Sano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
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Yamazaki R, Matsukiyo S, Morita T, Tanaka SJ, Umeda T, Aihara K, Edamoto M, Egashira S, Hatsuyama R, Higuchi T, Hihara T, Horie Y, Hoshino M, Ishii A, Ishizaka N, Itadani Y, Izumi T, Kambayashi S, Kakuchi S, Katsuki N, Kawamura R, Kawamura Y, Kisaka S, Kojima T, Konuma A, Kumar R, Minami T, Miyata I, Moritaka T, Murakami Y, Nagashima K, Nakagawa Y, Nishimoto T, Nishioka Y, Ohira Y, Ohnishi N, Ota M, Ozaki N, Sano T, Sakai K, Sei S, Shiota J, Shoji Y, Sugiyama K, Suzuki D, Takagi M, Toda H, Tomita S, Tomiya S, Yoneda H, Takezaki T, Tomita K, Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y. High-power laser experiment forming a supercritical collisionless shock in a magnetized uniform plasma at rest. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025203. [PMID: 35291161 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental method to generate quasiperpendicular supercritical magnetized collisionless shocks. In our experiment, ambient nitrogen (N) plasma is at rest and well magnetized, and it has uniform mass density. The plasma is pushed by laser-driven ablation aluminum (Al) plasma. Streaked optical pyrometry and spatially resolved laser collective Thomson scattering clarify structures of plasma density and temperatures, which are compared with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is indicated that just after the laser irradiation, the Al plasma is magnetized by a self-generated Biermann battery field, and the plasma slaps the incident N plasma. The compressed external field in the N plasma reflects N ions, leading to counterstreaming magnetized N flows. Namely, we identify the edge of the reflected N ions. Such interacting plasmas form a magnetized collisionless shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - T Umeda
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Edamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - R Hatsuyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Hihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Horie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Ishii
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - N Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Itadani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Kambayashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kakuchi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - N Katsuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Kawamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Kawamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kisaka
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - A Konuma
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - R Kumar
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - I Miyata
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - T Moritaka
- Fundamental Physics Simulation Research Division, National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Murakami
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Nagashima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Nishioka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Ohira
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ohnishi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Sei
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - J Shiota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Shoji
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Takagi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Toda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Tomita
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Tomiya
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - H Yoneda
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminamiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-0985, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Mijiddorj T, Kajihara I, Tasaki Y, Otsuka-Maeda S, Sakamoto R, Sawamura S, Kanazawa-Yamada S, Egashira S, Inoue K, Makino K, Miyashita A, Aoi J, Igata T, Makino T, Masuguchi S, Fukushima S, Jinnin M, Morinaga J, Ikeda T, Ihn H. Serum cell-free DNA levels are a useful marker for extramammary Paget disease. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:505-511. [PMID: 30706452 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) are useful markers for extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), serum CEA and CYFRA levels are not elevated in most patients with EMPD without metastasis. Cell-free (cf)DNA has attracted attention as an indicator of clinical conditions in several cancers. OBJECTIVES To identify further useful biomarkers for the detection of EMPD, including early lesions, and to study the clinical implications of cfDNA in EMPD. METHODS cfDNA were isolated from serum of patients with EMPD with and without metastasis, and from healthy volunteers. Serum extracts were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum cfDNA levels were significantly elevated in patients with EMPD with or without metastasis compared with those in healthy controls. Serum cfDNA was a better diagnostic marker for the presence of EMPD than serum CYFRA. Moreover, the postoperative serum cfDNA levels were significantly lower than those from the preoperative samples, and the change in serum cfDNA levels reflected the clinical courses of patients with EMPD treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Taking the evidence together, serum cfDNA levels may be a useful marker for diagnosis and disease progression in EMPD. What's already known about this topic? Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) are not elevated in most patients with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) without metastasis. Cell-free (cf)DNA has attracted attention as an indicator of clinical conditions in several cancers. There are few reports of the clinical implications of cfDNA in dermatology. What does this study add? Serum cfDNA levels were significantly elevated in patients with EMPD with or without metastasis compared with those in healthy controls. Postoperative serum cfDNA levels were significantly lower than those from the preoperative samples. Changes in serum cfDNA levels reflected the clinical courses of patients with EMPD treated with chemotherapy. What is the translational message? Serum cfDNA levels in patients with EMPD are a useful marker for the detection of EMPD, including localized EMPD. Changes in serum cfDNA levels in an individual patient may reflect the clinical course of EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mijiddorj
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - I Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Y Tasaki
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Otsuka-Maeda
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - R Sakamoto
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Kanazawa-Yamada
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - A Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - J Aoi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Igata
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Masuguchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - J Morinaga
- Department of Clinical Investigation (Biostatistics), Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Investigation (Biostatistics), Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - H Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Egashira S, Jinnin M, Harada M, Masuguchi S, Fukushima S, Ihn H. 470 Putative driver mutations of Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma detected by exome sequence analysis. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kawase A, Yamamoto T, Egashira S, Iwaki M. Stereoselective Inhibition of Methotrexate Excretion by Glucuronides of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs via Multidrug Resistance Proteins 2 and 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 356:366-74. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Andia-Merlin R, Egashira S, Armonia P, Abbate M, Cadastro G, Giovani E. P139 A current evaluation of oral and genital HPV lesions concomitantly present in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Egashira S, Matsuda M, Iwaasa H, Kanatani A. Development of structure-activity relationship of orexins: possible roles of three regions of orexin-B. DRUG FUTURE 2004. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2004.029.10.863387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the relative humidity and the electrical resistivity of enamel in vitro. The electrical resistivity of enamel samples was measured in a thermo-hygrostat where the relative humidity varied between 60% and 90%, with the measurements carried out first in a descending direction and then in an ascending direction. When the electrical resistivity was measured from a low to high relative humidity in an ascending direction, a higher value of electrical resistivity was always obtained in comparison to that when measured in the reverse descending direction. The difference between the mean electrical resistivity in an ascending and a descending direction increased in proportion to the relative humidity. These findings suggest that the diffusion of electrolytes and water in enamel is sensitive to changes in the relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yukizaki
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Yoshinari T, Ohkubo M, Fukasawa K, Egashira S, Hara Y, Matsumoto M, Nakai K, Arakawa H, Morishima H, Nishimura S. Mode of action of a new indolocarbazole anticancer agent, J-107088, targeting topoisomerase I. Cancer Res 1999; 59:4271-5. [PMID: 10485471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
J-107088 [6-N-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxy)ethylamino-12,13-dihydro-2,10-dihydroxy- 13-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-5H-indolo[2,3-a]-pyrrolo[3,4-c]-carb azo le-5,7(6H)-dione] is a new derivative of NB-506, an indolocarbazole antitumor agent. J-107088 induced single-strand DNA cleavage only in the presence of topoisomerase I (top1) more effectively than NB-506 or camptothecin. The preferable sequences of the DNA cleaved by J-107088 were C/T / G as in the case of NB-506. This base-preference of J-107088 in top1-mediated cleavage was different from that of camptothecin, which was T / G/A. top1 poisons stabilize the complex between DNA and top1 (cleavable complex). This cleavable complex is released on addition of a high concentration of monovalent cation or removal of top1 poisons. The complex induced by J-107088 was quite stable; it was scarcely released on the addition of NaCl or dilution of J-107088, contrary to the case with camptothecin and NB-506. J-107088-inducing complexes were also stable in cultured cells, when the compound was added to the culture medium. These unique in vitro activities of J-107088 on top1 that differed from those of camptothecin and NB-506 may be relevant to its more potent in vivo antitumor efficacy in a human tumor xenographted nude mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshinari
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute and Merck Research Laboratories, Japan
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Egashira S, Yamamoto Y, Doi Y, Nakagaki O, Matsumoto S. Case of pulmonary embolism. Circulation 1999; 99:E1-2. [PMID: 10209016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Egashira
- Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka City, Japan
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Ando H, Fukuyama T, Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Imamura Y, Masaki H, Ashihara T. Influence of downscatter in simultaneously acquired thallium-201/technetium-99m-PYP SPECT. J Nucl Med 1996; 37:781-5. [PMID: 8965145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Simultaneously acquired dual-isotope imaging is a unique and useful approach in SPECT. Photon spillover, however, is a potential limitation of this technique. METHODS To investigate the degree of 99mTc downscatter into the 201Tl window in patients, simultaneously acquired dual-isotope 201Tl/99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging was performed in 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Thallium-201 SPECT imaging was performed first, with a 201Tl photopeak window after the 201Tl injection (early 201Tl images), followed by 99mTc injection and SPECT acquisition using dual-isotope windows (dual 201Tl images). Twenty-four hours after the 99mTc injection, a third set of 201Tl images was obtained (24-hr 201Tl images). Thallium defect size (extent score) and defect severity (severity score) were calculated from these three sets of 201Tl images to quantify the MI. RESULTS Technetium-99m accumulation of varying intensity was recognized in all patients. Extent scores and severity scores were identical in early 201Tl images and 24-hr 201Tl images. Both scores, however, in the dual 201Tl images were decreased by 36% and 53%, respectively. CONCLUSION There in a considerable 99mTc downscatter into the 201Tl window, which prevents precise quantification of MI in simultaneously acquired dual-isotope 201Tl/99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ando
- Division of Cardiology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, Japan
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Imamura Y, Ando H, Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Masaki H, Ashihara T, Fukuyama T. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine images reflect intense myocardial adrenergic nervous activity in congestive heart failure independent of underlying cause. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26:1594-9. [PMID: 7594091 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to assess myocardial adrenergic activity using iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging in patients with heart failure. BACKGROUND In patients with congestive heart failure, adrenergic nerve activity is accelerated. However, whether myocardial adrenergic nerve activity reflects the severity of heart failure and its relation to the underlying cause have not yet been elucidated. METHODS Planar MIBG images were obtained from 96 patients with heart failure and compared with images from 9 age-matched healthy subjects. Groups 1 and 2 included 65 patients with heart failure related to impaired myocardial function and whose left ventricular ejection fraction was < 40% (group 1 = 40 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy; group 2 = 25 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy). Group 3 included 31 patients with heart failure related to a mechanical abnormality and whose left ventricular ejection fraction was > 40% (mitral regurgitation in 16, aortic regurgitation in 9, aortic and mitral regurgitation in 4, ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva in 2). Myocardial uptake of MIBG was calculated as the heart/mediastinal activity ratio. Storage and release of MIBG were calculated as percent myocardial MIBG washout from 15 min to 4 h after isotope injection. RESULTS The heart/mediastinal activity ratio in the immediate images (15 min) showed a significant decrease only in patients with severe heart failure (groups 1 and 2). The myocardial washout was accelerated in all three heart failure groups. The level of myocardial washout was related to severity of heart failure and correlated well with New York Heart Association functional classification. CONCLUSIONS In severe heart failure associated with cardiomyopathy, norepinephrine uptake is reduced. In addition, myocardial adrenergic nerve activity is accelerated in proportion to severity of heart failure, independent of the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imamura
- Department of Cardiology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of an implantation test using Teflon-simulated root canals for evaluating the pathogenicity of root canal bacteria. Models including suspensions of lyophilized strains (Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus faecalis, and Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus) were implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue for 1 wk, and histological changes were observed. Severe inflammation occurred around the models. Among them, P. asaccharolyticus induced the severest inflammatory response. Further study using P. asaccharolyticus was conducted to compare the implantation test's ability to evaluate pathogenicity with that of an injection test at 1, 2, or 4 wk. Tissue injected with a bacterial suspension showed no clear response through the experimental periods, whereas tissue around implantation sites showed a severe response at 1 wk. However, the inflammatory response subsided at later stages. Consequently, further improvement is needed to investigate pathogenicity for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yanagiguchi
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Tagawa H, Kuga T, Hayashi Y, Yamada A, Tomoike H, Nakamura M, Takeshita A. Augmentation of coronary responsiveness to serotonin at the site of X-ray-induced intimal thickening in miniature pigs. Cardiovasc Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(95)00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Tagawa H, Kuga T, Hayashi Y, Yamada A, Tomoike H, Nakamura M, Takeshita A. Augmentation of coronary responsiveness to serotonin at the site of X-ray-induced intimal thickening in miniature pigs. Cardiovasc Res 1995; 30:246-54. [PMID: 7585812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE X-irradiation is known to enhance atherosclerotic change. We tested whether coronary vasoconstrictor responses are augmented at the sites of X-ray-induced intimal thickening in Göttingen miniature pigs. METHODS In 17 pigs, a major branch of the left coronary artery was denuded with a balloon catheter. In 10 pigs, the denuded portion of the left coronary artery was selectively irradiated with 15 Gy of X-rays twice at 3 and 4 months after denudation (group 1). The remaining 7 pigs were not irradiated (group 2). The effects of intracoronary administration of serotonin, histamine and phenylephrine on the coronary diameter were studied 3 (3M) and 5 months (5M) after denudation. After the angiographical study at 5M, the vessels were isolated and isometric tension was measured in an organ chamber. RESULTS The percent reduction in coronary diameter evoked with 10 micrograms.kg-1 of serotonin increased from 39(s.e.m. 4)% before X-irradiation (3M) to 75(6)% after X-irradiation (5M) in group 1 (P < 0.01), while it did not differ in group 2 [39(6)% at 3M vs. 33(8)% at 5M[ [39(6)% at 3M vs. 33(8)% at 5M]. In group 1, serotonin-induced coronary constriction was frequently accompanied by ischemic ECG changes. Histamine (10 micrograms.kg-1)-induced vasoconstriction was also augmented but to a smaller degree [47(6)% at 3M vs. 62(4)% at 5M; P < 0.05] in group 1, while it remained unchanged in group 2[52(5)% at 3M vs. 44(7)% at 5M]. Phenylephrine did not cause detectable contraction in either group at 3M or 5M. Methysergide and ketanserin attenuated serotonin-induced hypercontraction in a dose-dependent fashion. In the in vitro studies, endothelium-dependent relaxation to serotonin was impaired at the denuded site with (group 1) and without (group 2) X-irradiation to a similar extent. Isometric tension of medial smooth muscle developed by serotonin was significantly greater at the denuded site with X-irradiation (group 1) than the control site and the denuded site without X-irradiation (group 2) (P < 0.05). Intimal thickening was significantly greater at the denuded sites with X-irradiation [group 1, 238(45) microns] than at the denuded sites without X-irradiation [group 2, 58(5) microns] (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that X-irradiation augments the coronary vasoconstrictor responses to autacoids, predominantly to serotonin, and that this augmentation is accompanied by enhanced intimal thickening. Serotonin-induced hypercontraction after X-irradiation resulted mainly from the hyperreactivity of medial smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mitsuoka
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Egashira S, Mitsuoka W, Tagawa H, Kuga T, Tomoike H, Nakamura M, Takeshita A. Mechanisms of ergonovine-induced hyperconstriction of coronary artery after x-ray irradiation in pigs. Basic Res Cardiol 1995; 90:167-75. [PMID: 7646419 DOI: 10.1007/bf00789446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of ergonovine-induced coronary hyperconstriction were examined in vivo and in vitro in miniature pigs. To provoke coronary hyperconstriction, the endothelium of a segment of a major branch of the left coronary artery was denuded in 19 Göttingen miniature pigs (4 to 6 months of age). In Group I (n = 12), the denuded site of the coronary artery was selectively irradiated with 15Gy of x-ray twice, 3 and 4 months after endothelial denudation. The remaining 7 pigs were not irradiated (Group II). The vasoconstrictive effect of intracoronary administration of ergonovine (1 to 1000 microgram) was examined angiographically 3 months (just before irradiation in group I) and 5 months after denudation in the two groups. After the angiographical study, the vessels were isolated and isometric tensions were measured in an organ chamber. In the in vivo studies, ergonovine-induced vasoconstriction at the denuded and x-ray irradiated site in Group I was significantly greater than that at the control site or that at the denuded site in Group II. Pretreatments with serotonin receptor blockers (ketanserin or methysergide) significantly attenuated ergonovine-induced hyperconstriction, while an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (prazosin) did not (% inhibition; ketanserin 74 +/- 9%, p < 0.01, methysergide 60 +/- 10%, p < 0.01, prazosin 9 +/- 5%, NS). In the in vitro studies, ergonovine produced significantly greater tension at the denuded and x-ray irradiated site (Group I) than at the control site or at the denuded site (Group II). Ergonovine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired at the denuded site in both groups to a similar extent. These results suggest that ergonovine-induced hyperconstriction at the denuded and x-ray irradiated coronary artery resulted mainly from the hyperreactivity of medial smooth muscle mediated by serotonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Egashira
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mutti DO, Zadnik K, Egashira S, Kish L, Twelker JD, Adams AJ. The effect of cycloplegia on measurement of the ocular components. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35:515-27. [PMID: 8113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cycloplegic agent on the measurement of refractive error and the ocular components. METHODS We compared two commonly used topical cycloplegic agents, 1% tropicamide and 1% cyclopentolate, for their effect on the measurement of refractive error (by Canon R-1 autorefraction), accommodative response (by Canon R-1 autorefraction and by the conventional, subjective "pushup" method), crystalline lens power (by video phakometry and by calculation), and axial ocular dimensions (by A-scan ultrasonography) in 20 emmetropic to moderately hyperopic children. RESULTS Comparison of refractive error at each drug's reported time of maximum cycloplegia (30 minutes for tropicamide and 60 minutes for cyclopentolate) showed that distance autorefraction in the vertical meridian differed by +0.20 +/- 0.30 diopters (D) (P = 0.008). The average difference was +0.07 +/- 0.10 mm for anterior chamber depth (P = 0.004), -0.03 +/- 0.05 mm for crystalline lens thickness (P = 0.025), -0.65 +/- 0.69 D for phakometrically measured crystalline lens power (P < 0.001), +0.03 +/- 1.55 D for calculated crystalline lens power (P = 0.94), and -0.09 +/- 0.19 mm for vitreous chamber depth (P = 0.062, all paired t tests; positive signs denote greater values with cyclopentolate). Residual accommodation was 0.47 and 0.67 D greater with tropicamide when measured by autorefraction and the pushup method (P = 0.013 and 0.08 respectively, paired t test). All significant differences were consistently in the direction of poorer cycloplegia with tropicamide. CONCLUSIONS Although tropicamide, as expected, showed poorer cycloplegia compared to cyclopentolate, the degree of difference appeared to be small, with minimal effect on the measurement of distance refractive error and the ocular optical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Mutti
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Kuga T, Tagawa H, Tomoike H, Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Ohara Y, Takeshita A, Nakamura M. Role of coronary artery spasm in progression of organic coronary stenosis and acute myocardial infarction in a swine model. Importance of mode of onset and duration of coronary artery spasm. Circulation 1993; 87:573-82. [PMID: 8425301 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.87.2.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary spasm may play an important role in progression of organic coronary stenosis and myocardial infarction, but the mechanisms responsible for these complications are not known. This study aimed to examine whether the mode of onset and the duration of coronary spasm influenced progression of organic coronary stenosis and acute myocardial infarction in a swine model of coronary spasm. METHODS AND RESULTS Göttingen miniature pigs were subjected to cholesterol feeding, balloon-induced coronary arterial denudation, and x-ray irradiation. Five months later, coronary spasm was induced by intracoronary injection of serotonin. In 10 pigs, coronary spasm was provoked abruptly and maintained for 25 minutes by five repeated intracoronary injections of serotonin (10 micrograms/kg) every 5 minutes (group A, abrupt onset and short duration). In group B, coronary spasm was provoked gradually by intracoronary injections of serotonin at graded doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 microgram/kg every 5 minutes and was then maintained for 25 minutes in four pigs (group B1, gradual onset and short duration) and for 120 minutes in six pigs (group B2, gradual onset and long duration) by repeated intracoronary injections of serotonin (10 micrograms/kg) every 5 minutes. Intramural hemorrhage was noted histologically at the spastic site more frequently in group A with abrupt onset (nine of 10 pigs) than in group B with gradual onset (two of 10 pigs) (p < 0.01). Progression of organic coronary stenosis due to intramural hemorrhage was noted in seven pigs (six pigs in group A and one pig in group B), including three cases of total coronary occlusion. Evidence for the evolution of acute myocardial infarction (serial ECG findings, left ventriculograms, and histological findings) was noted in one pig (7%) of group A or B1 with short duration and in five of six pigs (83%) in group B2 with long duration (p < 0.01 versus group A and B1). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that: 1) intramural hemorrhage was frequently induced by coronary spasm of abrupt but not of gradual onset, 2) intramural hemorrhage resulted in acute progression of coronary stenosis and sometimes resulted in persistent total coronary occlusion leading to acute myocardial infarction, and 3) prolonged coronary spasm resulted in acute myocardial infarction without progression of organic coronary stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuga
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Muramatsu K, Tomoike H, Ohara Y, Egashira S, Nakamura M. Effects of endothelin-1 on epicardial coronary tone, coronary blood flow, ECG-ST change and regional wall motion in anesthetized dogs. Heart Vessels 1991; 6:191-6. [PMID: 1800477 DOI: 10.1007/bf02125096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intracoronary-administrated endothelin-1 on coronary hemodynamics and regional myocardial function were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Epicardial coronary diameter (CoD) and coronary blood flow (CBF) were measured by a sonomicrometer of 10 MHz piezoelectric crystals and an electro-magnetic flow probe on the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Regional wall motion was sonomicrometrically measured at regions supplied by the LCX and left anterior descending artery (LAD) and electrocardiograms were recorded. Endothelin-1, administered as a bolus injections into the LCX via an intracoronary cannula, in a dose-dependent manner reduced COD and CBF. The extent of the reduction of COD and CBF at a dose-dependent manner reduced COD and CBF. The extent of the reduction of COD and CBF at a dose of 300 pmol was 12.3 +/- 1.5% (P less than 0.01) and 86 +/- 5% (P less than 0.01), respectively, of the control. The extent of CBF reduction and deterioration of systolic wall motion were linearly related with the dosage of endothelin-1. ST-elevation (lead II) and fatal ECG abnormalities, including complete atrioventricular block or ventricular fibrillation, were observed with doses above 60 and 100 pmol, respectively. Coronary angiography revealed that filling defects of dye were propagated from the third or distal branches to those of more proximal arteries when the doses of endothelin-1 were cumulatively infused into the LCX. Accordingly, lethal myocardial ischemia induced by endothelin-1 is produced by critical obstruction of rather small coronary vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Muramatsu
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Satoh S, Tomoike H, Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Tagawa H, Kuga T, Nakamura M. Smooth muscles from spastic coronary artery segments show hypercontractility to histamine. Am J Physiol 1990; 259:H9-13. [PMID: 2375416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.1.h9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An animal model of coronary spasm was produced in Göttingen miniature pigs by a selective endothelial denudation of the coronary artery. Five months after the denudation, intracoronary bolus administration of 10 micrograms/kg histamine reduced the luminal diameter angiographically by 57 +/- 16 and 17 +/- 10% (P less than 0.01) in the previously denuded and contralateral control coronary arteries. Muscle fibers of 0.08-0.1 mm wide were prepared from circumferential bundles of the medial smooth muscle in the spastic and nonspastic coronary arteries. Upward shifts of either dose-tonic contraction relationships in Ca2(+)-containing solution or dose-monophasic contraction relationships in Ca2(+)-free solution were noted in muscle fibers taken from the spastic site compared with those from the nonspastic site with no difference between the mean effective dose values. After skinning the muscle fibers with saponin, there was no significant difference in the Ca2+ concentration-tension relationships between the two fibers. These findings suggest that an increased number of histaminergic receptors and/or augmentation of signal transduction, but not Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins in the medial smooth muscle cells, cause histamine-induced coronary hypercontraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satoh
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Egashira S, Tomoike H, Nishijima H, Adachi H, Nakamura M. Effects of ionic and nonionic contrast media on coronary diameter and blood flow in chronically instrumented dogs. Am Heart J 1989; 118:39-46. [PMID: 2500838 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intracoronary administration of ionic and nonionic contrast media on coronary circulation were studied in 14 chronically instrumented dogs. A pair of 10 MHz piezoelectric crystals and an electromagnetic flow probe were placed on the left circumflex coronary artery, under sterile conditions, to measure the epicardial coronary diameter and coronary blood flow, respectively. A polyethylene tube for drug infusion was inserted into the circumflex coronary artery proximal to the sonomicrometers. In the conscious dogs (n = 8), iopamidol, 2 ml and 5 ml increased the coronary diameter by 64 +/- 19 microns and 66 +/- 19 microns and coronary blood flow by 35 +/- 10% and 61 +/- 18%, respectively (p less than 0.01 vs control level). Meglumine diatrizoate, 2 ml and 5 ml, increased coronary diameter by 102 +/- 20 microns and 114 +/- 18 microns and coronary blood flow by 87 +/- 32% and 107 +/- 26%, respectively (p less than 0.01 vs control level). In the anesthetized dogs (n = 6), a bolus intracoronary injection of 5 ml iopamidol and meglumine diatrizoate within few seconds increased the coronary diameter by 103 +/- 23 microns and 164 +/- 39 microns (p less than 0.05) and increased the coronary blood flow by 126 +/- 33% and 180 +/- 40% (p less than 0.05), respectively. Balloon denudation of the endothelium was performed in six anesthetized dogs. The increases in coronary diameter and coronary blood flow after a bolus injection of contrast medium remained the same after the denudation. Thus application of iopamidol seems to be more suitable than meglumine diatrizoate for quantitative coronary angiography because of the milder and more transient effects on coronary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Egashira
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Adachi H, Tomoike H, Nishijima H, Egashira S, Nakamura M. Sustained dilatation of large coronary artery by alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious dogs: a comparison with nitroglycerin. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 161:189-96. [PMID: 2524391 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) on the coronary circulation were compared with those of nitroglycerin in 16 conscious dogs chronically instrumented with a pair of miniature sonomicrometers and an electromagnetic flow probe placed on the left circumflex coronary artery. alpha-hANP (1 and 10 micrograms) and nitroglycerin (0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms) were administered intracoronarily via a cannula implanted in the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. Both alpha-hANP and nitroglycerin dose dependently increased the coronary diameter and coronary blood flow. Although alpha-hANP (10 micrograms) and nitroglycerin (1 microgram) dilated the large coronary artery to almost the same extent (92 +/- 10 vs. 98 +/- 8 microns), the time course of the dilating action differed; the peak dilatation occurred at 5.6 +/- 0.8 and 0.9 +/- 0.07 min (P less than 0.01), and full recovery occurred at 31.5 +/- 3.8 and 5.5 +/- 1.3 min (P less than 0.01) after alpha-hANP and nitroglycerin, respectively. Topical application of alpha-hANP (50 micrograms) to the epicardial coronary artery of three anesthetized open-chest dogs did not affect the coronary diameter and coronary blood flow, while nitroglycerin (50 micrograms) increased both variables. Thus, intracoronary alpha-hANP dilates the large coronary artery more gradually and more sustainedly than nitroglycerin does.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Adachi
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Japan
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Shimokawa H, Nagasawa K, Irie T, Egashira S, Egashira K, Sagara T, Kikuchi Y, Nakamura M. Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with variant angina. A comparative study between western and Japanese populations. Int J Cardiol 1988; 18:331-49. [PMID: 3129375 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(88)90052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine the factors influencing the prognosis of variant angina, the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of 158 consecutive Japanese patients were examined and compared with those in previous major western studies (Pisa, Montreal, and Duke studies). The Japanese patients were characterized by relatively low prevalences of coronary risk factors, significant coronary stenoses and previous myocardial infarction. Survival and survival without myocardial infarction for the entire group or for the subpopulation with significant coronary artery disease were significantly better in the Japanese population than in the western populations; however, in the subpopulation without significant coronary artery disease, the prognosis was excellent in all four studies. If the prevalence of coronary artery disease was corrected for the Japanese population, there would be no difference in the prognosis between the Japanese and the western populations. It is concluded: (1) the overall prognosis of variant angina may be better in Japanese patients, and (2) coronary artery disease appears to be the strongest prognostic factor for assessing the differences in the prognosis between the Japanese and the western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimokawa
- Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
The low-frequency red cell antigen NFLD was identified in 2 Japanese donors. A family study showed that the antigen is not part of the P1 blood group system. Anti-NFLD was found in serum of several donors (frequency of 0.044%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okubo
- Osaka Red Cross Center, Japan
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Akagawa H, Isomura T, Koga M, Egashira S, Yamasaki S, Ueki K, Suenaga R. [Screening of the donor's blood by measuring the serum guanase level for the prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis in cardiac surgery]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1984; 32:932-7. [PMID: 6491407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yamasaki S, Egashira S, Koga M, Akagawa H. [Measurement of serum guanase activity and prevention of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. Nihon Rinsho 1984; 42:740-53. [PMID: 6433080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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