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Juan-Salvadores P, Castro-Rodríguez M, Jiménez-Díaz VA, Veiga C, Busto L, Fernández-Barbeira S, Iñiguez-Romo A. Sex differences in delay times in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A cohort study. Med Clin (Barc) 2024:S0025-7753(24)00189-1. [PMID: 38688735 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study analyzes a cohort of consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), evaluating the ischemia-reperfusion times from the perspective of gender differences (females versus males), with a long-term follow-up. METHODS Single-center analytical cohort study of patients with STEMI in a tertiary hospital, between January 2015 and December 2020. RESULTS A total of 2668 patients were included, 2002 (75%) men and 666 (25%) women. The time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to the opening of the artery was 197min (IQR 140-300) vs 220min (IQR 152-340), p=0.004 in men and women respectively. A delay in health care significantly impacts the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events at follow-up, HR 1.34 [95%CI 1.06-1.70]; p=0.015. CONCLUSIONS Women took longer to go to health care services and had a longer delay both in the diagnosis of STEMI and in coronary reperfusion. It is imperative to emphasize the necessity of educating women about the recognition of ischemic heart disease symptoms, empowering them to raise early alarms and seek timely medical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Juan-Salvadores
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain.
| | - María Castro-Rodríguez
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain
| | - Víctor Alfonso Jiménez-Díaz
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain
| | - Cesar Veiga
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Laura Busto
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Saleta Fernández-Barbeira
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain
| | - Andrés Iñiguez-Romo
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Interventional Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Spain
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Trejo-Velasco B, Tello-Montoliu A, Cruz-González I, Moreno R, Baz-Alonso JA, Salvadores PJ, Romaguera R, Molina-Navarro E, Paredes-Galán E, Fernández-Barbeira S, Ortiz-Saez A, Bastos-Fernandez G, De Miguel-Castro A, Figueiras-Guzman A, Iñiguez-Romo A, Jimenez-Diaz VA. Impact of Comorbidities and Antiplatelet Regimen on Platelet Reactivity Levels in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:463-473. [PMID: 34117181 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of our study is to assess the impact of anemia, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus on platelet reactivity (PR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis, both at baseline and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study is a prespecified subanalysis of the REAC-TAVI prospective, multicenter trial that included patients pretreated with aspirin + clopidogrel before TAVI. PR was measured at baseline and at 5 different time points after TAVI with the VerifyNow assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, CA), over a 3-month follow-up period. Patients with high PR (HPR) at baseline, before TAVI (n = 48) were randomized to aspirin + clopidogrel or aspirin + ticagrelor for 3 months, whereas those with normal PR (NPR) (n = 20) were continued on aspirin + clopidogrel. A "raiser response" in PR was defined as an increase in PR units >20% of baseline after TAVI. Patients with HPR before TAVI presented concomitant anemia and chronic kidney disease more frequently than their counterparts with NPR. Anemia and higher body mass index were independently associated with HPR to clopidogrel at baseline. Moreover, anemic patients with baseline HPR who were continued on clopidogrel presented higher PR after TAVI than patients with HPR switched to ticagrelor. All patients with baseline NPR presented a "raiser response" after TAVI, which was nonexistent among patients with HPR managed with ticagrelor. In summary, anemia seems as a relevant factor associated with baseline HPR and higher PR after TAVI in patients with baseline HPR randomized to clopidogrel, whereas ticagrelor proved more effective than clopidogrel at attaining sustained reductions in PR during follow-up, regardless of baseline comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Trejo-Velasco
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Tello-Montoliu
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Network Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases), CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-González
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Network Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases), CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Network Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases), CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
- Interventional Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital La Paz (IDIPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Baz-Alonso
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Pablo J Salvadores
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Romaguera
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Paredes-Galán
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz-Saez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Adolfo Figueiras-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Andres Iñiguez-Romo
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Network Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases), CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Victor A Jimenez-Diaz
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Network Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases), CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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Trejo-Velasco B, Cruz-González I, Tello-Montoliu A, Baz-Alonso JA, Salvadores PJ, Moreno R, Romaguera R, Molina-Navarro E, Paredes-Galán E, De-Miguel-Castro A, Bastos-Fernandez G, Ortiz-Saez A, Fernández-Barbeira S, Iñiguez-Romo A, Jimenez-Diaz VA. Influence of Valve Type and Antiplatelet Regimen on Platelet Reactivity After TAVI: Subanalysis of the REAC-TAVI Trial. J Invasive Cardiol 2020; 32:446-452. [PMID: 32771996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ticagrelor has proven more effective than clopidogrel at attaining a maintained suppression of high platelet reactivity (HPR) in aortic stenosis patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study aims to assess the influence of implanted valve type on the degree of platelet reactivity (PR) after TAVI. METHODS This study is a prespecified analysis of REAC-TAVI, a prospective, multicenter study that included patients on dual-antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel before TAVI. Patients with HPR (n = 48) were randomized to aspirin and clopidogrel or aspirin and ticagrelor for 3 months, while those without HPR (n = 20) were continued on aspirin and clopidogrel. PR was measured 6 hours, 24 hours, 5 days, 30 days, and 90 days after TAVI with VerifyNow assay. Bioprosthetic valves were classified as balloon-expandable valve (BEV), self-expandable valve (SEV), or other. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients comprising 32 BEVs, 28 SEVs, and 8 other valves were included. Devices were larger and postdilation was more frequent in the SEV group. Follow-up PR was lower in patients treated with ticagrelor vs those treated with clopidogrel at all time points after TAVI, including patients without baseline HPR (P<.001). PR after TAVI was similar in the three groups. Major cardiovascular adverse events, stroke, and hemorrhagic complications were comparable across the different bioprosthesis groups at 4-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The effect of valve type on PR after TAVI is similar across the spectrum of most transcatheter valves. In our sample, ticagrelor achieved a faster and more effective reduction in PR than clopidogrel in patients with HPR undergoing TAVI, irrespective of valve type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor Alfonso Jimenez-Diaz
- Cardiovascular Research Unit & Cardiology Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital of Vigo, Estrada de Clara Campoamor, 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain. or
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Cespón-Fernández M, Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, Manzano-Fernández S, Flores-Blanco P, Barreiro-Pardal C, Castiñeira-Busto M, Muñoz-Pousa I, López-Rodríguez E, Caneiro-Queija B, Cobas-Paz R, Fernández-Barbeira S, Domínguez-Erquicia P, Domínguez-Rodríguez LM, López-Cuenca Á, Gómez-Molina M, Baz-Alonso JA, Calvo-Iglesias F, Valdés-Chávarri M, Íñiguez-Romo A. Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade and Risk of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction Based on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:487-495. [PMID: 30924021 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-019-00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study was to determine the association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and follow-up heart failure (HF) according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS This cohort study used a retrospective registry of 8169 consecutive patients discharged with a diagnosis of AMI from two university hospitals in Spain between 2010 and 2016. We used a multivariable competing risk analysis, survival-time inverse probability weighting (IPW) propensity score adjusting, and propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate the association between ACEI/ARB treatment and follow-up HF. RESULTS During the follow-up (3.3 ± 2.2 years), 1296 patients were admitted for HF (5.2 per 100 person-years). ACEI/ARB use was not associated with fewer follow-up HF admissions in patients with LVEF > 40% (univariate analysis: sub-hazard ratio [sHR] 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.27; p = 0.197; IPW adjusting analysis: sHR 1.11; 95% CI 0.95-1.29; p = 0.192; PSM analysis: sHR 1.12; 95% CI 0.92-1.36; p = 0.248). However, ACEI/ARB use was associated with a significant reduction in HF admission rates in patients with LVEF ≤ 40% (univariate analysis: HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.56-0.88; p = 0.003; IPW adjusting analysis: HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.50-0.83; p = 0.001; PSM analysis: HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46-0.92; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Among hospitalized survivors of AMI, the use of ACEIs/ARBs was associated with a lower risk of follow-up HF in patients with LVEF ≤ 40% but not in those with LVEF > 40%. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cespón-Fernández
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Flores-Blanco
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Barreiro-Pardal
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Castiñeira-Busto
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz-Pousa
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Elena López-Rodríguez
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Berenice Caneiro-Queija
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rafael Cobas-Paz
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Saleta Fernández-Barbeira
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Domínguez-Erquicia
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Ángel López-Cuenca
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Gómez-Molina
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Baz-Alonso
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Francisco Calvo-Iglesias
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Íñiguez-Romo
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 341, 36212, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, D’Ascenzo F, Fernández-Barbeira S, Kinnaird T, Ariza-Solé A, Manzano-Fernández S, Templin C, Velicki L, Xanthopoulou I, Cerrato E, Quadri G, Rognoni A, Boccuzzi G, Montabone A, Taha S, Durante A, Gili S, Magnani G, Autelli M, Grosso A, Flores Blanco P, Garay A, Varbella F, Tommassini F, Caneiro Queija B, Cobas Paz R, Cespón Fernández M, Muñoz Pousa I, Gallo D, Morbiducci U, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Baz-Alonso JA, Valdés M, Cequier Á, Gaita F, Alexopoulos D, Íñiguez-Romo A. Incidencia anual de trombosis del stent confirmadas y factores clínicos predictores en pacientes con SCA tratados con ticagrelor o prasugrel. Rev Esp Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, D'Ascenzo F, Fernández-Barbeira S, Kinnaird T, Ariza-Solé A, Manzano-Fernández S, Templin C, Velicki L, Xanthopoulou I, Cerrato E, Quadri G, Rognoni A, Boccuzzi G, Montabone A, Taha S, Durante A, Gili S, Magnani G, Autelli M, Grosso A, Flores Blanco P, Garay A, Varbella F, Tommassini F, Caneiro Queija B, Cobas Paz R, Cespón Fernández M, Muñoz Pousa I, Gallo D, Morbiducci U, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Baz-Alonso JA, Valdés M, Cequier Á, Gaita F, Alexopoulos D, Íñiguez-Romo A. Annual Incidence of Confirmed Stent Thrombosis and Clinical Predictors in Patients With ACS Treated With Ticagrelor or Prasugrel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 72:298-304. [PMID: 29954720 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES There is little evidence on rates of stent thrombosis (ST) in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor or prasugrel. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and predictors of ST after an acute coronary syndrome among patients receiving DAPT with ticagrelor vs prasugrel. METHODS We used data from the RENAMI registry (REgistry of New Antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute Myocardial Infarction), analyzing a total of 4123 acute coronary syndrome patients discharged with DAPT with ticagrelor or prasugrel in 11 centers in 6 European countries. The endpoint was definite ST within the first year. A competitive risk analysis was carried out using a Fine and Gray regression model, with death being the competitive event. RESULTS A total of 2604 patients received DAPT with ticagrelor and 1519 with prasugrel; ST occurred in 41 patients (1.10%), with a similar cumulative incidence between ticagrelor (1.21%) and prasugrel (0.90%). The independent predictors of ST were age (sHR, 1.03; 95%CI, 1.01-1.06), ST segment elevation (sHR, 2.24; 95%CI, 1.22-4.14), previous myocardial infarction (sHR, 2.56; 95%CI, 1.19-5.49), and serum creatinine (sHR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.08-1.54). CONCLUSIONS Stent thrombosis is infrequent in patients receiving DAPT with ticagrelor or prasugrel. The variables associated with an increased risk of ST were advanced age, ST segment elevation, previous myocardial infarction, and serum creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Tim Kinnaird
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Manzano-Fernández
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christian Templin
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Voivodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | | | - Enrico Cerrato
- Department of Cardiology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Quadri
- Department of Cardiology, Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Rognoni
- Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory, A.O.U. Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Salma Taha
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asiut, Egypt
| | | | - Sebastiano Gili
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Magnani
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Autelli
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Grosso
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pedro Flores Blanco
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Garay
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Cobas Paz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Cespón Fernández
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz Pousa
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Diego Gallo
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariano Valdés
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Cequier
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrés Íñiguez-Romo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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