1
|
Fujihara KM, Zhang BZ, Jackson TD, Ogunkola MO, Nijagal B, Milne JV, Sallman DA, Ang CS, Nikolic I, Kearney CJ, Hogg SJ, Cabalag CS, Sutton VR, Watt S, Fujihara AT, Trapani JA, Simpson KJ, Stojanovski D, Leimkühler S, Haupt S, Phillips WA, Clemons NJ. Eprenetapopt triggers ferroptosis, inhibits NFS1 cysteine desulfurase, and synergizes with serine and glycine dietary restriction. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm9427. [PMID: 36103522 PMCID: PMC9473576 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of eprenetapopt (APR-246, PRIMA-1MET) as an anticancer agent remains unresolved, although the clinical development of eprenetapopt focuses on its reported mechanism of action as a mutant-p53 reactivator. Using unbiased approaches, this study demonstrates that eprenetapopt depletes cellular antioxidant glutathione levels by increasing its turnover, triggering a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Deficiency in genes responsible for supplying cancer cells with the substrates for de novo glutathione synthesis (SLC7A11, SHMT2, and MTHFD1L), as well as the enzymes required to synthesize glutathione (GCLC and GCLM), augments the activity of eprenetapopt. Eprenetapopt also inhibits iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by limiting the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1, which potentiates ferroptosis and may restrict cellular proliferation. The combination of eprenetapopt with dietary serine and glycine restriction synergizes to inhibit esophageal xenograft tumor growth. These findings reframe the canonical view of eprenetapopt from a mutant-p53 reactivator to a ferroptosis inducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji M. Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (N.J.C.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Bonnie Z. Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas D. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moses O. Ogunkola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Department for Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia V. Milne
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A. Sallman
- Malignant Hematology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iva Nikolic
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Conor J. Kearney
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Hematology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon J. Hogg
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Hematology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos S. Cabalag
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivien R. Sutton
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Watt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Asuka T. Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J. Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Department for Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sue Haupt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A. Phillips
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery (St. Vincent’s Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Clemons
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (N.J.C.); (K.M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porter B, Orrell R, Graham A, Watt S, Lunt P, Norwood F, Roberts M, Willis T, Matthews E, Muni-Lofra R, Marini-Bettolo C. FSHD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
3
|
Arnone R, Romano G, Skinner J, Watt S, Poenicke C, Hoestergard D, Chiaramonte G. Improving the operational skills of the health personnel working in the emergency departments. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In December 2013 the European Commission approved the project promoted by CEFPAS, The Centre for Training and Research in Public Health within the programme PROGRESS, “Improving the operational skills of health personnel working in the emergency departments. A useful tool to give concrete answers to EU policies on patients’ safety and to create new working opportunities”.
This project aimed to combine the need to find innovative solutions in the field of healthcare with the objective of increasing the safety of patients in emergency departments, while also covering the need to promote worker mobility within the European Union. The key tool for implementing this goal is the exchange of experience and best practices.
The project partners included: the Edinburgh University of Medicine, the Napier University (again in Edinburgh), the Dresden University of Technology, the Herlev Hospital (in Copenhagen) through the DIMS or the Danish Institute for Medical Simulation at the University of Copenhagen, as well as ISMETT and CREAM (the Research Centre of the University of Medicine) in Palermo.
Every partner, during the planning, has provided the know how developed in the area of emergency. Specifically it has been analyzed the possibility to compare and visit the simulation Centres of Edinburgh, Dresden and Palermo, and to study the use, in each country, of innovative methodology during the training of the health personnel.
The partner, during the planning of the project, studied also how to help people to find easier jobs opportunities in the health sector (so they thought to create a specific data base of the emergency departments operating in Italy, Scotland and Germany where to find a job or a chance for an internship).
The project has lasted for one year and has provided research activities and the exchange of experience and best practices.
Key messages
There is a huge difference regarding the way in which the emergency system is organized within single countries around Europe. Comparing high-level organisations we have benefited in terms of ideas, projects and potential objectives to be set in order to improve our work and to improve results for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Skinner
- Edinburgh University of Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Watt
- Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Poenicke
- Dresden University of technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Monmousseau F, Pradère B, Dubnitskiy-Robin S, Watt S, Le Fol T, Bruyère F, Rusch E, Faivre d’Arcier B, Brunet-Houdard S. Remplacer tous les urétéroscopes réutilisables par des dispositifs à usage unique ou adopter une stratégie mixte dans le traitement des lithiases urinaires ? Étude de la valeur-seuil reposant sur un modèle d’impact budgétaire. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
5
|
Dubnitskiy-Robin S, Pradère B, Faivre D’Arcier B, Watt S, Le Fol T, Bruyère F, Rusch E, Monmousseau F, Brunet-Houdard S. Analyse d’impact budgétaire du passage au « tout usage unique » pour la prise en charge des lithiases urinaires par urétéroscopie dans un établissement public de santé. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
6
|
Vehling S, Tian Y, Malfitano C, Shnall J, Watt S, Mehnert A, Rydall A, Zimmermann C, Hales S, Lo C, Rodin G. Attachment security and existential distress among patients with advanced cancer. J Psychosom Res 2019; 116:93-99. [PMID: 30655000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Felt security in close relationships may affect individual adaptation responses to existential threat in severe illness. We examined the contribution of attachment security to demoralization, a state of existential distress involving perceived pointlessness and meaninglessness in advanced cancer. METHOD A mixed cross-sectional sample of 382 patients with advanced cancer (mean age 59, 60% female) was recruited from outpatient oncology clinics. Participants completed self-report measures of attachment security, demoralization, depression, and physical symptom burden. We used multiple linear regression to analyze the association between attachment security and demoralization, controlling for demographic factors and symptom burden and tested whether attachment security moderated the association of symptom burden with demoralization. Separate analyses compared the contribution of the dimensions of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. RESULTS The prevalence of clinically relevant demoralization was 35%. Demoralization was associated with lower attachment security (β = -0.54, 95%CI: -0.62 to 0.46). This effect was empirically stronger for attachment anxiety (β = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.44 to 0.60) compared to attachment avoidance (β = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.45). Attachment security also significantly moderated the association of physical symptom burden with demoralization, such that with less attachment security, there was a stronger association between symptom burden and demoralization. CONCLUSION Attachment security may protect from demoralization in advanced cancer. Its relative lack, particularly on the dimension of attachment anxiety, may limit adaptive capacities to deal with illness burden and to sustain morale and purpose in life. An understanding of individual differences in attachment needs can inform existential interventions for severely ill individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vehling
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Y Tian
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Malfitano
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Shnall
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Watt
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Mehnert
- Department of Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Rydall
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Zimmermann
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Hales
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Lo
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Social and Behavioural Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - G Rodin
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roach D, Jameson MG, Dowling JA, Ebert MA, Greer PB, Kennedy AM, Watt S, Holloway LC. Correlations between contouring similarity metrics and simulated treatment outcome for prostate radiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:035001. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa50c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
8
|
Hernandez D, Kronsteiner B, Tarunina M, Hua P, Partington L, Baboo J, Rologi E, Hassan E, Chan A, Watt S, Choo Y. Using CombiCult® screening platform to discover optimal protocols for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood and bone marrow. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Roach D, Jameson M, Dowling J, Ebert M, Greer P, Watt S, Holloway L. EP-1728: Inter-observer contouring similarity metrics, correlation with treatment outcome for prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Asomaning K, Abramsky S, Liu Q, Zhou X, Sobel RE, Watt S. Re: Letter written in reaction to "Pregabalin prescriptions in the United Kingdom: a drug utilisation study of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database", by Pottegård et al. - The authors (Asomaning et al.) respond. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:697-8. [PMID: 27466016 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Asomaning
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA.
| | - S Abramsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - R E Sobel
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Watt
- Department of Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asomaning K, Abramsky S, Liu Q, Zhou X, Sobel RE, Watt S. Pregabalin prescriptions in the United Kingdom: a drug utilisation study of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:380-8. [PMID: 27028939 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In Europe, pregabalin is approved for treatment of neuropathic pain, general anxiety disorder (GAD) and as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to assess utilisation of pregabalin in the UK, including patients with a recorded history of substance abuse, from a large general practice database. METHODS This observational drug utilisation study (DUS) analysed pregabalin prescription data from the UK Health Improvement Network primary care database between September 2004 and July 2009. Patient demographics, diagnoses (by READ codes) and pregabalin dosing data were collected. Diagnosis codes were used as proxy for approved indication for pregabalin. RESULT A cohort of 18,951 patients was prescribed pregabalin; dosing information was available for 13,480 (71.1%). Median age of patients was 58 years, and majority were female (60.1%). Median (interquartile range) prescribed average daily dose (ADD) of pregabalin for all patients was 150.0 (162.5) mg/day; this was highest in patients with epilepsy (191.9 mg/day), followed by neuropathic pain (158.0 mg/day) and GAD (150.0 mg/day). Only 1.0% (136/13,480) of patients were prescribed an ADD of pregabalin over the maximum approved dose of 600 mg/day. Of these, 18.4% (25/136) of patients had a history of substance abuse compared with 14.0% (1884/13,480) in the full population. CONCLUSION Data from this DUS indicated that the majority of pregabalin prescribing in the UK was consistent with product labelling. The proportion of patients with prescribed ADD > 600 mg/day was small and with a similar proportion with a history of substance abuse as in the full population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Asomaning
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Abramsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - R E Sobel
- Department of Epidemiology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Watt
- Department of Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Priestly J, Simonsson P, Watt S, Campbell C. Changes to the World Anti-Doping Code and what that means for the Medical Professionals working with Australian athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Raimbault M, Watt S, Bourgoin H, Brichart N, Bruyère F. Analyse comparative coût–efficacité de la photovaporisation prostatique par laser Greenlight et de l’adénomectomie pour hypertrophie de la prostate de gros volume. Prog Urol 2014; 24:470-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Watt S. Water, Women & Health: The Dilemma of the Two Goats. Glob Bioeth 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2011.10800691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Watt
- Professor, School of Social Work McMaster University 1280 Main Street West- KTH 309 Hamilton, ON L8S 4M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Watt S, Mullaly D, Harcourt P. The anti-doping landscape now and beyond—A practical guide to assist athlete support personnel in the prevention of doping. J Sci Med Sport 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Sword W, Kurtz Landy C, Thabane L, Watt S, Krueger P, Farine D, Foster G. Is mode of delivery associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2011; 118:966-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
17
|
Watt S, Owens C. ASADA: Australia's driving force for pure performance in sport. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Keefe B, Elsby M, Watt S. Visually guided grasping: Using a small stimulus set can lead to overestimation of the effectiveness of depth cues. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
19
|
Watt S, Keefe B, Hibbard P. Visual uncertainty predicts grasping when monocular cues are removed but not when binocular cues are removed. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
Takahashi C, Diedrichsen J, Watt S. The brain integrates visual and haptic information from different spatial locations when using a tool. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
|
22
|
Mellanby RJ, Broadhurst C, Wondafrash M, Ewnetu M, Watt S, Critchlow R, Dadesa A, Deas T, Enawgaw C, Gebremedhin B, Graham E, Maclean S, Ross B. Perceptions of habitat changes in the Yabelo Sanctuary and surrounding areas. Afr J Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Ross J, Macdiarmid J, Osman L, Watt S, Lawson A. Health-related quality of life in former North Sea divers. Occup Med (Lond) 2007; 57:611-2; author reply 612. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqm119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Chamberlain J, Watt S, Mohide P, Muggah H, Trim K, Bantebya Kyomuhendo G. Women's perception of self-worth and access to health care. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 98:75-9. [PMID: 17459386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE : Research has shown differences in health status and health care utilization related to culture, economic status, and health care development. This paper reports on a study comparing attitudes of women in three countries, at various stages of development, about their own health and self-worth and asks if these differences account for differences in health care utilization and inequities in health status. METHOD : A questionnaire, administered to 100 women in each of Yemen, Uganda and Canada, explored women's perception of their own health and health care seeking behavior. RESULT : Women's perception of themselves as worthy of care was positively related to utilization. The ability to make one's own health care decisions varied with her country's development level. Implementation strategies must consider women's decision-making capacity. CONCLUSION : To achieve improved health status, policies and programs must commit to encouraging appropriate social and cultural changes, using a 'cross-sectoral approach', involving both gender and development issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chamberlain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martin-Rendon E, Brunskill S, Doree C, Hyde C, Watt S, Mathur A. Stem cell treatment for acute myocardial infarction. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Rosemond A, Lanotte P, Watt S, Sauget AS, Guerif F, Royère D, Goudeau A, Mereghetti L. Existe-t-il un bénéfice au dépistage systématique de Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis et Ureaplasma urealyticum dans les prélèvements génito-urinaires réalisés au cours d'un bilan d'infertilité ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:125-9. [PMID: 16298086 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study on 100 couples consulting for infertility at the teaching Hospital of Tours, with the scope to determine if there is a benefit for systematic screening of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum among genito-urinary specimen when exploring couples infertility. C. trachomatis was detected by PCR on sperm, endocervix and urine specimen. M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected by culture on A7 agar medium and with minigaleries on sperm and endocervix specimen. Standard cultures were also performed on sperm, endocervix, vaginal and urine specimen. Only one specimen (sperm) was positive for C. trachomatis. Three percent of the specimen were positive for U. urealyticum (from which 2,5% of the sperm specimen). No specimen was positive for M. hominis. Our results show that screening of C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum is not systematically required for among check up of infertile couples, given the prevalence of chlamydiosis among the population studied. However, it would be interesting to perform it on a targeted population, according to anamnestic or clinical criteria. In addition, an important modification of vaginal flora was observed in 12% of cases, and 2 vaginosis were diagnosed; the putative consequences of this disequilibrium has to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rosemond
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grodet C, Dequin PF, Watt S, Lanotte P, de Gialluly C, Taha MK, Alonso JM, Quentin R, Goudeau A, Mereghetti L. Outbreak in France of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.12 belonging to sequence type 1403. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:845-8. [PMID: 15355418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a meningococcal outbreak in France caused by Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.12 of sequence type 1403, which affected eight young patients, between November 2000 and February 2002. Epidemiological typing confirmed that a single strain was responsible. Favourable outcome, sequelae or death resulted in similar proportions as in other cases of meningococcal disease in France during the same period, but purpura was observed in all eight cases. The patients were aged between 14 and 28 years, whereas the median age of patients affected by other meningococcal strains during this period in the same area was 60.4 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Grodet
- Service de Bactériologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital Trousseau, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lanotte P, Bastides F, Watt S, Mereghetti L, Vidal C, Dabernat H, Goudeau A. [Spheroplasts and apparent resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to betalactamin antibiotics]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2003; 61:458-62. [PMID: 12915356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Lanotte
- Laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie, CHU Bretonneau, 2, Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major health problem in industrialised countries. Several studies have suggested an association exists between certain microorganisms and the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study presented here was to assess the presence of viral or bacterial DNA in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. Nucleic acids were extracted from 18 carotid atherosclerotic lesions that had been collected surgically. Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen for specific genomic DNA from Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. An original approach, based on the amplification by PCR of conserved bacterial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences was also used to detect any bacterial species. The amplification product was identified by sequencing. Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex 2 DNA were not detected in any of the samples. Herpes simplex 1 DNA was detected in 3 of the 18 samples. Genes encoding bacterial 16S rRNA were amplified and sequenced in eight atherosclerotic lesions. DNA sequences were identified by comparison with sequences registered in the GenBank database. These eight carotid atherosclerotic lesions were shown to contain several bacterial species belonging to human flora or the environment. The exact role of these microorganisms in the genesis or development of the atherosclerotic lesions remains unclear, but they may increase the inflammatory process or be an epiphenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Watt
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire EA 3250, CHU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044, Tours Cedex 01, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Quentin R, Morange-Saussier V, Watt S. [Obstetrical management of Streptococcus agalactiae]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2002; 31:4S65-4S73. [PMID: 12451360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
S. agalactiae is the main cause of maternal and neonatal infections. Correct bacteriological explorations of pregnant women and neonates with risk factors may allow early and effective antibiotherapy. The screening of S. agalactiae vaginal carriage at 34-38 weeks of amenorrhea and the administration of penicillin at delivery is considered as the best strategy for preventing S. agalactiae infections for asymptomatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Quentin
- Département de Gynécologie, Obstétrique et Pathologie de la Reproduction, CHU Bretonneau, 37044 Tours Cedex 1, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mereghetti L, Tayoro J, Watt S, Lanotte P, Loulergue J, Perrotin D, Quentin R. Genetic relationship between Escherichia coli strains isolated from the intestinal flora and those responsible for infectious diseases among patients hospitalized in intensive care units. J Hosp Infect 2002; 52:43-51. [PMID: 12372325 DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2002.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The exact origin of strains of Escherichia coli responsible for infectious diseases in intensive care units (ICUs) remains partly unknown. Our aim was to determine the nature of the link between strains from the intestinal flora of hospital staff, strains from the intestinal flora of patients hospitalized in ICUs and strains isolated from ICU patients with invasive diseases. For this purpose, 77 strains of E. coli were genetically characterized by exploring their entire genomes by random amplified polymorphism of DNA (RAPD), and by determining their phylogenetic position in ECOR (E. coli reference) groups, the virulence factors harboured (pap, sfa, afa, hly, aer and cnf) and their ability to mutate. The strains isolated from the intestinal flora of hospital staff were found to constitute a genetically heterogeneous population compared with the strains isolated from ICU carriers, which were highly clustered. The latter strains harboured numerous virulence factors, and 80% belonged to the group ECOR B2. The strains isolated from infected patients harboured fewer virulence factors than those from the ICU carriers, and only half belonged to ECOR B2. Moreover, these strains were more genetically related to strains from hospital staff than to strains from ICU carriers. Thus, the exogenous origin of the E. coli strains is probably almost as important as translocation from intestinal flora in ICUs. Moreover, a strong mutator phenotype had a minor, or no, role in the rapid adaptation to modifications in the ecological environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Mereghetti
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, EA 3250, Unité de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee KS, Zaidi MA, Watt S, Sword W. Are We Following the Guidelines for Follow-up after Early Newborn Discharge? Results from the Ontario Mother Infant Survey (TOMIS). Paediatr Child Health 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/7.suppl_a.49aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
We present a case in which a 27-year-old primigravida was found to have an intracranial tumour during the first stage of labour. We review previous reports of similar cases and discuss the management options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Coakley
- Department of Anaesthetics, Barnet Hospital, Herts, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lanotte P, Watt S, Ruimy R, Boiron P, Robier A, Quentin R. Nocardia farcinica infection of a cochlear implant in an immunocompetent boy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:880-2. [PMID: 11837639 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-001-0633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first case of an infection caused by Nocardia farcinica on a cochlear implant and its progression is described. As it is difficult to diagnose Nocardia spp., the identification was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lanotte
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey of postpartum women following discharge from five hospitals in Ontario, Canada, examined breatfeeding patterns and risk factors for early discontinuation. Consenting mothers completed self-administered questionnaires prior to discharge (n = 1250) and telephone interviews at 4 weeks postdischarge (n = 875). Breastfeeding initiation rates for women completing the interview varied from 82% to 96% across the sites. Continuation rates rapidly declined, with 13% to 24% of women who had initiated breastfeeding switching to formula by 4 weeks postpartum. Perceived inadequate milk supply, difficulty with breastfeeding techniques, and sore nipples were the main reasons reported. Risk factors for breastfeeding cessation included not completing high school; intention to breastfeed less than 4 months; not anticipating the use of a "mom's group" or "drop-in center"; one or more maternal visits to a family physician; length of postpartum stay greater than 48 hours; unmet need for care or help with breastfeeding; and received advice, information, or support about formula feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sheehan
- City of Hamilton Social and Public Health Services Department, Dundas Office, P.O. Box 897, 2 King Street West, Dundas, Ontario, L9H 6Z1 Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roberts J, Sword W, Watt S, Gafni A, Krueger P, Sheehan D, Soon-Lee K. Costs of postpartum care: examining associations from the Ontario mother and infant survey. Can J Nurs Res 2001; 33:19-34. [PMID: 11928152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey of 1,250 mothers of "normal" newborn infants was conducted to assess mother and infant characteristics as well as the costs of health and social services used in the first 4 weeks after discharge from hospital in the province of Ontario, Canada. Each mother was asked to recall use of services for herself and her infant. This utilization was multiplied by the unit cost of each service and summed to arrive at the total cost of services used. Although re-admission rates were low (1% for mothers, 4% for infants), costs associated with hospital and emergency room care ($194 on average per mother/infant dyad) accounted for the greatest proportion of total health-care costs. Physician or midwife visits, which were received by almost all mothers, were the next most costly service ($128 on average per dyad). Mothers with incomes under $20,000 had more medical costs than those with higher incomes. Costs of community nursing care ($86 on average per dyad) were higher for mothers with more than 5 self-identified learning needs (e.g., infant feeding, infant care and behaviour, emotional changes in self, signs of illness in infant); perception of their own health as poor; perception of inadequate help and support at home; many signs and symptoms of depression; and postpartum hospital stay of 48 hours or less. Costs for social work visits were higher for mothers with depression and mothers with low incomes. Total health and social service costs were double for mothers with family incomes under $20,000 ($788 vs. $399 on average per dyad) and for mothers with clinical depression ($845 vs. $413). Specifically, nursing care costs were greater for mothers with high depression scores ($135 vs. $81).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Roberts
- School of Nursing, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, System-Linked Research Unit on Health and Social Service Utilization, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sword WA, Watt S, Krueger PD, Kyong SL, Sheehan DD, Roberts JG, Gafni A. Understanding newborn infant readmission: findings of the Ontario Mother and Infant Survey. Can J Public Health 2001; 92:196-200. [PMID: 11496629 PMCID: PMC6979746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ontario Mother and Infant Survey examined health and social service utilization of postpartum women and newborn infants from five hospital sites. A cross-sectional multilanguage survey design with longitudinal follow-up was used: 1,250 eligible, consenting women completed a self-report questionnaire in hospital and 875 women participated in a structured telephone interview at four weeks post-discharge. Rates of newborn infant readmission ranged from 2.4% to 6.7%. The best predictors of readmission were: main source of household income was other than employment; maternal self-rating of health was poor; mother anticipated inadequate help and support at home following discharge; mother received help from friends/neighbours following discharge; and mother had concern about infant care and behaviour. Readmission was not associated with length of postpartum hospital stay. The study findings suggest that there is a complex relationship between infant health care needs, family resources and provider practices that produces clinically important, site-specific readmission patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Sword
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences 3N25G, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Betthauser J, Forsberg E, Augenstein M, Childs L, Eilertsen K, Enos J, Forsythe T, Golueke P, Jurgella G, Koppang R, Lesmeister T, Mallon K, Mell G, Misica P, Pace M, Pfister-Genskow M, Strelchenko N, Voelker G, Watt S, Thompson S, Bishop M. Production of cloned pigs from in vitro systems. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:1055-9. [PMID: 11017042 DOI: 10.1038/80242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a procedure for cloning pigs by the use of in vitro culture systems. Four healthy male piglets from two litters were born following nuclear transfer of cultured somatic cells and subsequent embryo transfer. The initiation of five additional pregnancies demonstrates the reproducibility of this procedure. Its important features include extended in vitro culture of fetal cells preceding nuclear transfer, as well as in vitro maturation and activation of oocytes and in vitro embryo culture. The cell culture and nuclear transfer techniques described here should allow the use of genetic modification procedures to produce tissues and organs from cloned pigs with reduced immunogenicity for use in xenotransplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Betthauser
- Infigen, Inc., 1825 Infinity Drive, DeForest, WI 53532, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested impaired psychosocial adjustment in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined 62 subjects referred to a regional Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic with IBD or functional gastrointestinal (FGI) complaints. Characteristics of the clinic include a unified team approach, regularly scheduled appointments at 3-month intervals, proactive medical care emphasizing maintenance of full functioning, and close medical-surgical interaction (joint clinics). A research assistant administered a questionnaire regarding children's perceptions of their illness, as well as the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Piers-Harris (PH) test of self-concept, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). The 36 children with IBD (25 Crohn's disease, 11 ulcerative colitis, mean age 13.3 +/- 3.0 years) were compared with 26 patients with FGI complaints (16 recurrent abdominal pain, 10 functional megacolon, mean age 11.4 +/- 2.8 years). The scores on the standardized tests were not clinically significant for either group. In comparison, however, children with IBD were less depressed and had fewer behaviour problems than the FGI group. Surprisingly, only 19% (7 of 36) of children with IBD described their illness as a problem to them, compared with 65% (17 of 26) of children with FGI symptoms. The latter children also considered themselves significantly sicker than did those with IBD. We conclude that normal psychosocial adjustment is possible in pediatric patients with IBD. We speculate that this group benefitted from the professional supports that our clinic specifically provides to patients with IBD. The FGI group may have suffered from a lack of such professional supports, as well as from the absence of a specific diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gold
- School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
A series of 12 studies (five historic cohort and seven randomized trials) examined clients in community settings in Southern Ontario suffering from a variety of chronic physical and mental health conditions. These studies are appraised using a framework for evaluating possible outcomes of economic evaluation. In the 12 studies, sample composition and size varied. Each study was designed to quantify the well-being outcomes and expenditures associated with different community-based approaches to care provided in the context of a system of national health insurance. As a collective, these studies represent increasing methodological rigour. Multiple-perspective client well-being outcome measures were used. In two studies, caregiver burden also was analysed. A common approach to quantification and evaluation of expenditures for service consumption was used in all 12 studies. The nature of community-based health services (health vs. disease care orientation) was found to have direct and measurable impact on total expenditures for health service utilization and client well-being outcomes. In most cases, a recurring pattern of equal or better client outcomes, yet lower expenditures for use of community based health services, was associated with well-integrated health oriented services. Integrated services aimed at factors which determine health are superior when compared to individual, fragmented, disease oriented, and focused approaches to care. The main lessons from the 12 studies are that it is as or more effective and as or less expensive to offer complete, proactive, community health services to persons living with chronic circumstance than to provide focused, on-demand, piecemeal services. Complete services would have a psychosocial and mental health focus included with the physical care approach. Furthermore, people with coexisting risk factors (age, living arrangements, mental distress and problem-solving ability) are the ones who most benefit at lower expense from health oriented, proactive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Browne
- System-Linked Research Unit on Health & Social Service Utilization, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Beauchemin N, Draber P, Dveksler G, Gold P, Gray-Owen S, Grunert F, Hammarström S, Holmes KV, Karlsson A, Kuroki M, Lin SH, Lucka L, Najjar SM, Neumaier M, Obrink B, Shively JE, Skubitz KM, Stanners CP, Thomas P, Thompson JA, Virji M, von Kleist S, Wagener C, Watt S, Zimmermann W. Redefined nomenclature for members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family. Exp Cell Res 1999; 252:243-9. [PMID: 11501563 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Beauchemin
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Qué. Canada H3G 1Y6.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Watt S, Shores EA, Kinoshita S. Effects of reducing attentional resources on implicit and explicit memory after severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 1999. [PMID: 10447296 DOI: 10.1037//0894-4105.13.3.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Implicit and explicit memory were examined in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) under conditions of full and divided attention. Participants included 12 individuals with severe TBI and 12 matched controls. In Experiment 1, participants carried out an implicit test of word-stem completion and an explicit test of cued recall. Results demonstrated that TBI participants exhibited impaired explicit memory but preserved implicit memory. In Experiment 2, a significant reduction in the explicit memory performance of both TBI and control participants, as well as a significant decrease in the implicit memory performance of TBI participants, was achieved by reducing attentional resources at encoding. These results indicated that performance on an implicit task of word-stem completion may require the availability of additional attentional resources that are not preserved after severe TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Watt
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cuevas B, Lu Y, Watt S, Kumar R, Zhang J, Siminovitch KA, Mills GB. SHP-1 regulates Lck-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase phosphorylation and activity. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:27583-9. [PMID: 10488096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.39.27583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activates the Src family tyrosine kinase p56 Lck, which, in turn, phosphorylates a variety of intracellular substrates. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 are two Lck substrates that have been implicated in TCR signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that SHP-1 co-immunoprecipitates with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K in Jurkat T cells, and that this association is increased by ligation of the TCR complex. Co-expression of SHP-1 and PI3K with a constitutively activated form of Lck in COS7 cells demonstrated the carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain of PI3K to inducibly associate with the full-length SHP-1 protein. By contrast, a truncated SHP-1 mutant lacking the Lck phosphorylation site (Tyr(564)) failed to bind p85. Wild-type but not catalytically inactive SHP-1 induced dephosphorylation of p85. Furthermore, expression of SHP-1 decreased PI3K enzyme activity in anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates and phosphorylation of serine 473 in Akt, a process dependent on PI3K activity. These results indicate the presence of a functional interaction between PI3K and SHP-1 and suggest that PI3K signaling, which has been implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and many other biological activities, can be regulated by SHP-1 in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Cuevas
- Division of Medicine, and the Cell Growth Regulation Laboratory, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Watt S, Browne G, Gafni A. Community care for people with chronic conditions: an analysis of nine studies of health and social service utilization in Ontario. Milbank Q 1999; 77:363-92, 275. [PMID: 10526549 PMCID: PMC2751124 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of studies conducted in the same region found that programmatic, community-based health and social service interventions have a positive impact on client well-being. These proactive interventions, designed to address the full range of health and social needs, were usually provided at the same--or even lower--costs as uncoordinated, illness-focused care. The results of this series suggest that across-the-board health care reduction, at least in a system of national health insurance, will produce poorer results, at higher cost, for people with chronic conditions living in the community. Policy planners need more research that concentrates on comparisons of outcomes between and within different models of health and social service delivery. The studies should be designed to help them determine who benefits from different service configurations carried out within a range of policy environments at various costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Watt
- System-Linked Research Unit on Health and Social Service Utilization, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Watt S, Shores EA, Kinoshita S. Effects of reducing attentional resources on implicit and explicit memory after severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 1999; 13:338-49. [PMID: 10447296 DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.13.3.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Implicit and explicit memory were examined in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) under conditions of full and divided attention. Participants included 12 individuals with severe TBI and 12 matched controls. In Experiment 1, participants carried out an implicit test of word-stem completion and an explicit test of cued recall. Results demonstrated that TBI participants exhibited impaired explicit memory but preserved implicit memory. In Experiment 2, a significant reduction in the explicit memory performance of both TBI and control participants, as well as a significant decrease in the implicit memory performance of TBI participants, was achieved by reducing attentional resources at encoding. These results indicated that performance on an implicit task of word-stem completion may require the availability of additional attentional resources that are not preserved after severe TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Watt
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang J, Somani AK, Watt S, Mills GB, Siminovitch KA. The Src-homology domain 2-bearing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 inhibits antigen receptor-induced apoptosis of activated peripheral T cells. J Immunol 1999; 162:6359-67. [PMID: 10352248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Restimulation of Ag receptors on peripheral T lymphocytes induces tyrosine phosphorylation-based signaling cascades that evoke Fas ligand expression and induction of Fas-mediated programmed cell death. In view of the role for the Src homology domain 2-bearing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) in modulating TCR signaling, we investigated the influence of SHP-1 on TCR-mediated apoptosis by assaying the sensitivity of peripheral T cells from SHP-1-deficient viable motheaten (mev) mice to cell death following TCR restimulation. The results of these studies revealed mev peripheral T cells to be markedly more sensitive than wild-type cells to induction of cell death following TCR stimulation. By contrast, PMA/ionophore and anti-Fas Ab-induced apoptotic responses were no different in mev compared with wild-type activated cells. Enhanced apoptosis of TCR-restimulated mev lymphocytes was associated with marked increases in Fas ligand expression as compared with wild-type cells, but was almost abrogated in both mev and wild-type cells by Fas-Fc treatment. Thus, the increased sensitivity of mev T cells to apoptosis following TCR restimulation appears to reflect a TCR-driven phenomenon mediated through up-regulation of Fas-Fas ligand interaction and induction of the Fas signaling cascade. These findings, together with the hyperproliferative responses of mev peripheral T cells to initial TCR stimulation, indicate that SHP-1 modulation of TCR signaling translates to the inhibition of both T cell proliferation and activation and, as such, is likely to play a pivotal role in regulating the expansion of Ag-stimulated T cells during an immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, The Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roberts J, Browne G, Milne C, Spooner L, Gafni A, Drummond-Young M, LeGris J, Watt S, LeClair K, Beaumont L, Roberts J. Problem-solving counseling for caregivers of the cognitively impaired: effective for whom? Nurs Res 1999; 48:162-72. [PMID: 10337847 DOI: 10.1097/00006199-199905000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualized problem-solving counseling for caregivers of cognitively impaired relatives is thought to help caregivers cope with the stress and burden of caregiving. Few studies have shown the effectiveness of counseling for these caregivers. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of individualized problem-solving counseling by nurses for caregivers and the expenditures of health care utilization. METHOD Caregivers (n = 77) of the cognitively impaired living at home were randomized to receive nurse counseling or not. Psychosocial adjustment to their relative's illness, psychological distress, burden, coping skills, and expenditures were measured after 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS Although on average, all caregivers receiving nurse counseling indicated no improvement in psychosocial adjustment to their relative's illness, psychological distress, or caregiver burden, they found counseling very helpful and it was effective for a subgroup of caregivers. Those with poor logical analysis coping skills at baseline had decreased psychological distress (F(1,53) = 9.7, p = .003) and improved psychosocial adjustment (F(1,53) = 4.7, p = .035) after 1 year. Caregivers in control and counseling groups whose relatives entered a nursing home improved their psychosocial adjustment 23% on average whereas those continuing to live in the community decreased by 8%. Almost half as many relatives entered nursing homes in the counseling group (n = 9 vs. n = 5) but these compared to control group relatives had greater annualized per person expenditures for health and social services (Cdn$23,437 vs. Cdn$15,151). CONCLUSIONS Caregivers found nurse counseling most helpful. Those indicating infrequent use of logical analysis coping skills showed benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Roberts
- System-Linked Research Unit (Health & Social Service Utilization), School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ho PJ, Hall GW, Watt S, West NC, Wimperis JW, Wood WG, Thein SL. Unusually severe heterozygous beta-thalassemia: evidence for an interacting gene affecting globin translation. Blood 1998; 92:3428-35. [PMID: 9787184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A common beta-thalassemia mutation in Asian populations is the C --> T substitution at position 654 of intron 2, which leads to the activation of two cryptic splicing sites and the incorporation of 73 extra nucleotides into the mutant mRNA. Like most beta-thalassemia mutations, it normally exhibits recessive inheritance. We investigated the unusually severe phenotype in two heterozygotes for this mutation, father and son, who had thalassemia intermedia and an apparent dominant mode of inheritance. An increased level of aberrantly spliced transcript in the reticulocytes of the probands compared with asymptomatic beta654 heterozygotes led us to investigate the production and processing of beta654 RNA. We showed that large amounts of the aberrant beta654 transcript were detectable in erythroblasts from one of the asymptomatic cases. The translation product of this mRNA was not detectable in vivo, and we were unable to demonstrate the translation of the mutant mRNA in a cell-free translation system. Although the reticulocyte alpha:beta mRNA ratios in the two probands were within the range observed in the asymptomatic heterozygotes, globin chain biosynthesis studies showed that the probands had considerably greater alpha:beta chain imbalance. These results imply that the more severe phenotype may be due to a second defect, possibly unlinked to the beta-globin cluster, that acts at the translational or posttranslational level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Ho
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Student nurses at Napier University in Edinburgh have the opportunity to study extracurricular French or German and to gain experience of working in Europe. The authors of this article suggest that this gives students the skill and confidence to practise abroad, and to influence nursing policy and development in the European Union.
Collapse
|
50
|
Byrne C, Browne G, Roberts J, Ewart B, Schuster M, Underwood J, Flynn-Kingston S, Rennick K, Bell B, Gafni A, Watt S, Ashford Y, Jamieson E. Surviving social assistance: 12-month prevalence of depression in sole-support parents receiving social assistance. CMAJ 1998; 158:881-8. [PMID: 9559013 PMCID: PMC1229183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is generally recognized that poverty and depression can coexist among single parents receiving social assistance, there is insufficient research on this topic. The goals of this study therefore were to investigate the prevalence, correlates and health care expenditures associated with depression among sole-support parents receiving social assistance. METHODS Sole-support parents who had applied for social assistance in 2 regions of southwestern Ontario were included in the study. Depression was diagnosed with the 1994 University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview short forms. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence rate of depressive disorder among the parents interviewed was 45.4% (345/760). A total of 247 (32.5%) had major depressive disorder alone, 19 (2.5%) had dysthymia, and 79 (10.4%) had both major depressive disorder and dysthymia ("double depression"). Those with major depressive disorder, particularly double depression, had significantly higher rates of coexisting psychiatric disorder than those without depressive disorders. Parents with depression reported higher rates of developmental delay and behaviour problems in their children than parents without depression. Expenditures for health care services were higher for parents with depression and for their children than for parents without depressive disorder and their children. INTERPRETATION Single parents receiving social assistance have high rates of depression. Such parents with depression also have higher rates of other psychiatric disorders and higher expenditures for health care services, and their children have higher rates of developmental delay and behaviour problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Byrne
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|