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Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Sinnadurai S, Gibbs A, Thomas LA, Konstantinou M, Garcia-Valverde A, Boyer M, Wang Z, Boyd AS, Blair A, Morgan RG, Rodrigues NP. Inhibition of GATA2 restrains cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis and chemotherapy mediated apoptosis in human GATA2 overexpressing AML cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12212. [PMID: 31434974 PMCID: PMC6704064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2, a zinc finger transcription factor predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, acts as an essential regulator of hematopoietic stem cell generation, survival and functionality. Loss and gain of GATA2 expression has been implicated in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) yet the precise biological impact of GATA2 expression on human AML cell fate decisions remains ambiguous. Herein, we performed large-scale bioinformatics that demonstrated relatively frequent GATA2 overexpression in AML patients as well as select human AML (or AML-like) cell lines. By using shRNAi to target GATA2 in these AML cell lines, and an AML cell line expressing normal levels of GATA2, we found that inhibition of GATA2 caused attenuated cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis exclusively in AML cell lines that overexpress GATA2. We proceeded to pharmacologically inhibit GATA2 in concert with AML chemotherapeutics and found this augmented cell killing in AML cell lines that overexpress GATA2, but not in an AML cell line expressing normal levels of GATA2. These data indicate that inhibition of GATA2 enhances chemotherapy-mediated apoptosis in human AML cells overexpressing GATA2. Thus, we define novel insights into the oncogenic role of GATA2 in human AML cells and suggest the potential utilization of transient GATA2 therapeutic targeting in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bautista Menendez-Gonzalez
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Sinnadurai
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh-Anne Thomas
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Konstantinou
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Garcia-Valverde
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Magali Boyer
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 029208, USA
| | - Ashleigh S Boyd
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Allison Blair
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys G Morgan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
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Moore DA, Sereno M, Das M, Baena Acevedo JD, Sinnadurai S, Smith C, McSweeney A, Su X, Officer L, Jones C, Dudek K, Guttery D, Taniere P, Spriggs RV, Le Quesne J. In situ growth in early lung adenocarcinoma may represent precursor growth or invasive clone outgrowth-a clinically relevant distinction. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1095-1105. [PMID: 30932019 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The switch from in situ to invasive tumor growth represents a crucial stage in the evolution of lung adenocarcinoma. However, the biological understanding of this shift is limited, and 'Noguchi Type C' tumors, being early lung adenocarcinomas with mixed in situ and invasive growth, represent those that are highly valuable in advancing our understanding of this process. All Noguchi Type C adenocarcinomas (n = 110) from the LATTICE-A cohort were reviewed and two patterns of in situ tumor growth were identified: those deemed likely to represent a true shift from precursor in situ to invasive disease ('Noguchi C1') and those in which the lepidic component appeared to represent outgrowth of the invasive tumor along existing airspaces ('Noguchi C2'). Overall Ki67 fraction was greater in C2 tumors and only C1 tumors showed significant increasing Ki67 from in situ to invasive disease. P53 positivity was acquired from in situ to invasive disease in C1 tumors but both components were positive in C2 tumors. Likewise, vimentin expression was increased from in situ to invasive tumor in C1 tumors only. Targeted next generation sequencing of 18 C1 tumors identified four mutations private to the invasive regions, including two in TP53, while 6 C2 tumors showed no private mutations. In the full LATTICe-A cohort, Ki67 fraction classified as either less than or greater than 10% within the in situ component of lung adenocarcinoma was identified as a strong predictor of patient outcome. This supports the proposition that tumors of all stages that have 'high grade' in situ components represent those with aggressive lepidic growth of the invasive clone. Overall these data support that the combined growth of Noguchi C tumors can represent two differing biological states and that 'Noguchi C1' tumors represent the genuine biological shift from in situ to invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allan Moore
- University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.,Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Marco Sereno
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK.,Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Madhumita Das
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | | | - Samantha Sinnadurai
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Claire Smith
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK.,Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Abi McSweeney
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Leah Officer
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Carolyn Jones
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Kate Dudek
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - David Guttery
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Phillipe Taniere
- Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Ruth V Spriggs
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK. .,Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK. .,Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Leciester NHS Trust, Leciester, LE1 5WW, UK.
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Sinnadurai S, Kwong A, Hartman M, Tan EY, Bhoo-Pathy NT, Dahlui M, See MH, Yip CH, Taib NA, Bhoo-Pathy N. Breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy in young women with breast cancer in Asian settings. BJS Open 2018; 3:48-55. [PMID: 30734015 PMCID: PMC6354186 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mastectomy rates among women with early breast cancer in Asia have traditionally been high. This study assessed trends in the surgical management of young women with early‐stage breast cancer in Asian settings. Survival in women treated with breast‐conserving surgery (BCS; lumpectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy) and those undergoing mastectomy was compared. Methods Young women (aged less than 50 years) newly diagnosed with stage I or II (T1–2 N0–1 M0) breast cancer in four hospitals in Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong in 1990–2012 were included. Overall survival (OS) was compared for patients treated by BCS and those who had a mastectomy. Propensity score analysis was used to account for differences in demographic, tumour and treatment characteristics between the groups. Results Some 63·5 per cent of 3536 women underwent mastectomy. Over a 15‐year period, only a modest increase in rates of BCS was observed. Although BCS was significantly associated with favourable prognostic features, OS was not significantly different for BCS and mastectomy; the 5‐year OS rate was 94·9 (95 per cent c.i. 93·5 to 96·3) and 92·9 (91·7 to 94·1) per cent respectively. Inferences remained unchanged following propensity score analysis (hazard ratio for BCS versus mastectomy: 0·81, 95 per cent c.i. 0·64 to 1·03). Conclusion The prevalence of young women with breast cancer treated by mastectomy remains high in Asian countries. Patients treated with BCS appear to survive as well as those undergoing mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinnadurai
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - A Kwong
- Department of Surgery University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - M Hartman
- Division of General Surgery (Breast Surgery) National University Hospital Singapore
| | - E Y Tan
- Department of General Surgery Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore
| | - N T Bhoo-Pathy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - M Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - M H See
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - C H Yip
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - N A Taib
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - N Bhoo-Pathy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Shunnmugam B, Sinnadurai S, Chua S, Islam T, See M, Chinna K, Taib NM. Linguistic and Psychometric Validity of the Malay BREAST-Q in Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery in Malaysia. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.60700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: BREAST-Q is a PROMs used to measure and assess patient satisfaction and quality of life before and after breast cancer surgery. BREAST-Q composed of 5 different modules and each module comprised of multiple scales. Each module has preoperative and postoperative versions to assess the impact of surgery. Four subscales with common items from the 5 modules: “satisfaction with the breast”, psychosocial, sexual and physical well-being were subjected to testing. Two other subscales, “satisfaction with overall outcomes” and “satisfaction with the care” were only validated linguistically. Currently, the BREAST-Q has already been translated into 25 languages. Linguistic and psychometric validation of BREAST-Q has not been performed in Malaysia. Aim: To translate the BREAST-Q into Malay language and perform psychometric validation. Methods: Translation of the English BREAST-Q to Malay language was done based on linguistic validation protocol provided by MAPI Research Trust. Content and face validation were performed to determine contextual accuracy, acceptability and understanding of the items. The finalised Malay BREAST-Q then underwent psychometric testing. Breast cancer patients (n=186) who were planned for breast cancer surgery were conveniently sampled at the breast clinic of UMMC between June 2015 to June 2016. Consented participants completed the questionnaire in the same visit following their diagnosis. Retest was done 2-3 weeks after the first questionnaire administration in 62 patients who were admitted for their surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Results: Content experts (4 breast surgeons) agreed the items in BREAST-Q comprehensively measured the concept of interest and I-CVI for each item was 1.0. Participants agreed the questionnaire was comprehensive and easy to understand. The average time taken to complete the questionnaire was 15.3 minutes. Test–retest analysis showed good reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.71-0.98. Internal consistencies were good for all items in each subscale with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.83-0.95. The highest interitem correlation for each item with at least one other item in the construct ranged from 0.47 to 0.90. The lowest corrected item-total correlation (CITC) values ranged from 0.47 to 0.72. In exploratory factor analysis, the KMO values were excellent in all 4 subscales (0.76, 0.92, 0.91, and 0.86). Single factor was extracted in 3 subscales that explained more than 50% of the variance and 3 factors (breast pain, general pain, and discomfort) were extracted in “physical well-being” subscale that cumulatively explained more than 50% of the variance. Conclusion: The Malay BREAST-Q demonstrated good reliability, content and face validity, and excellent psychometric properties. Hence, we propose the use of the Malay BREAST-Q to measure patient reported outcomes among breast cancer patients in Malaysia undergoing breast cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Shunnmugam
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S. Sinnadurai
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S.H. Chua
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T. Islam
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M.H. See
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K. Chinna
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N.A. Mohd Taib
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mutsuga M, Nunes A, Sinnadurai S, Meyer S, MacArthur R, Mullen J, Rebeyka I, Ross D, Buchholz H. 456 Bridge to decision using short term ventricular assist device for critical ill moribund patients. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nunes A, Buchholz H, Sinnadurai S, Mullen J, Singh G, Meyer S, Wang S, Modry D, MacArthur R. 425 Clinical outcomes of long-term mechanical circulatory support at a large canadian transplant centre. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Nunes A, Sinnadurai S, MacArthur R, Buchholz H. 096 A protocol for the assessment of heartmate ii patients' fitness to drive. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Fong MY, Asha T, Azdayanti M, Yee LL, Sinnadurai S, Rohela M. Inferring the phylogenetic position of Brugia pahangi using 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequence. Trop Biomed 2008; 25:87-92. [PMID: 18600209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first reported use of 18S rRNA gene sequence to determine the phylogeny of Brugia pahangi. The 18S rRNA nucleotide sequence of a Malaysian B. pahangi isolate was obtained by PCR cloning and sequencing. The sequence was compared with 18S rRNA sequences of other nematodes, including those of some filarial nematodes. Multiple alignment and homology analysis suggest that B. pahangi is closely related to B. malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti. Phylogenetic trees constructed using Neighbour Joining, Minimum Evolution and Maximum Parsimony methods correctly grouped B. pahangi with other filarial nematodes, with closest relationship with B. malayi and W. bancrofti. The phylogeny of B. pahangi obtained in this study is in concordance with those previously reported, in which the 5S rRNA gene spacer region and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Fong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Subgingival bacteria exist within a biofilm consisting of cells and extracellular matrix which may afford organisms protection from both antibiotics and components of the host immune system. MIC values for planktonic Porphyromonas gingivalis treated with metronidazole were compared with those obtained for the same strain in biofilms associated with hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. The treated biofilms were examined for growth and studied by scanning electron microscopy. A broth assay resulted in an MIC of 0.125 microgram/ml for metronidazole against P. gingivalis, P. gingivalis biofilms exhibited growth after treatment with 20 micrograms/ml metronidazole, which was 160 times the MIC for planktonic organisms. The results of this study indicate that biofilm-associated P. gingivalis may be resistant to metronidazole at concentrations which are usually attained by systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Wright
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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