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Hagge LM, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Al-Kharji NM, Chen Z, Brohlin OR, Trashi I, Tumac A, C Herbert F, Adlooru AV, Lee H, Firouzi HR, Cornelius SA, De Nisco NJ, Gassensmith JJ. Intracellular delivery of virus-like particles using a sheddable linker. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37401235 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular targeting is essential for the efficient delivery of drugs and nanotherapeutics. Transporting nanomaterials into cells' cytoplasm for therapeutic purposes can be challenging due to the endosomal trap and lysosomal degradation of cargo. To overcome this issue, we utilized chemical synthesis to design a functional carrier that can escape the endosome and deliver biological materials into the cytoplasm. We synthesized a thiol-sensitive maleimide linker that connects the well-known mitochondria targeting lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) to the surface of a proteinaceous nanoparticle based on the engineered virus-like particle (VLP) Qβ. TPP facilitates endosomal escape by its lipophilic and cationic nature, which disrupts the endosomal membrane. Once in the cytosol, glutathione reacts with the thiol-sensitive maleimide linkers, severs the TPP from the nanoparticle, halting its trafficking to the mitochondria, and marooning it in the cytosol. We successfully demonstrated cytosolic delivery of a VLP loaded with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in vitro and small-ultrared fluorescent protein (smURFP) in vivo, where evenly distributed fluorescence is observed in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and the epithelial cells of BALB/c mice lungs. As a proof of concept, we encapsulated luciferase-targeted siRNA (siLuc) inside the VLP decorated with the maleimide-TPP (M-TPP) linker. We observed enhanced luminescence silencing in luciferase-expressing HeLa cells using our sheddable TPP linker compared to control VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Arezoo Shahrivarkevishahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Olivia R Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Alisia Tumac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Abhinay Varma Adlooru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Hamilton Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Hamid Reza Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
| | - Samuel A Cornelius
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Nicole J De Nisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Trashi O, Trashi I, Brohlin OR, Kumari S, Howlett T, Benjamin CE, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Diwakara SD, Perera SD, Cornelius SA, Vizuet JP, Balkus KJ, Smaldone RA, De Nisco NJ, Gassensmith JJ. Carrier gas triggered controlled biolistic delivery of DNA and protein therapeutics from metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13803-13814. [PMID: 36544734 PMCID: PMC9710232 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and specificity of protein, DNA, and RNA-based drugs make them popular in the clinic; however, these drugs are often delivered via injection, requiring skilled medical personnel, and producing biohazardous waste. Here, we report an approach that allows for their controlled delivery, affording either a burst or slow release without altering the formulation. We show that when encapsulated within zeolitic-imidazolate framework eight (ZIF-8), the biomolecules are stable in powder formulations and can be inoculated with a low-cost, gas-powered "MOF-Jet" into living animal and plant tissues. Additionally, their release profiles can be modulated through judicious selection of the carrier gas used in the MOF-Jet. Our in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that when CO2 is used, it creates a transient and weakly acidic local environment that causes a near-instantaneous release of the biomolecules through an immediate dissolution of ZIF-8. Conversely, when air is used, ZIF-8 biodegrades slowly, releasing the biomolecules over a week. This is the first example of controlled-biolistic delivery of biomolecules using ZIF-8, which provides a powerful tool for fundamental and applied science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H. Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Fabian C. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Olivia R. Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Candace E. Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Arezoo Shahrivarkevishahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Shashini D. Diwakara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Sachini D. Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Samuel A. Cornelius
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Juan P. Vizuet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Nicole J. De Nisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
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