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Astolfi P, Velho AC, Moreira V, Mondino PE, Alaniz SM, Stadnik MJ. Reclassification of the Main Causal Agent of Glomerella Leaf Spot on Apple into Colletotrichum chrysophilum in Southern Brazil and Uruguay. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1825-1832. [PMID: 35322713 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0527-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is one of the most important diseases of apple, affecting a wide range of economically important cultivars, particularly Golden Delicious and its descendants. Caused mainly by species of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC), C. fructicola has been described as the most prevalent and aggressive species associated with GLS and apple bitter rot (ABR) in Brazil and Uruguay. Recently, new CGSC species, closely related to C. fructicola, have been identified causing ABR. To verify the accuracy of species identification within the CGSC, we aimed to reevaluate the identity of representative GLS-causing isolates from Brazilian and Uruguayan populations, previously identified as C. fructicola. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on APN2, ApMAT, CAL, GAPDH, GS, ITS, and TUB2 allocated these isolates in a monophyletic clade with C. chrysophilum. This species was first described as the causal agent of anthracnose in banana fruits in Brazil, and recent reports indicate its association with ABR in the United States. This is the first report of C. chrysophilum causing GLS disease on apple worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Astolfi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Aline C Velho
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Victoria Moreira
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Pedro E Mondino
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Sandra M Alaniz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, 88034-001, Brazil
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Rockenbach MF, Velho AC, Gonçalves AE, Mondino PE, Alaniz SM, Stadnik MJ. Genetic Structure of Colletotrichum fructicola Associated to Apple Bitter Rot and Glomerella Leaf Spot in Southern Brazil and Uruguay. Phytopathology 2016; 106:774-781. [PMID: 27019063 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-15-0222-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola is the main species causing apple bitter rot (ABR) and Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) in southern Brazil, and ABR in Uruguay where GLS remains unnoticed. Thus, this work aimed to determine the genetic structure of C. fructicola isolates of both the countries. A total of 28 out of 31 Brazilian isolates (90.3%) caused typical symptoms of GLS, while only 6 of 25 Uruguayan isolates (24.0%) originating from fruits were able to infect leaves, but causing atypical symptoms. Both populations showed similar levels of Nei's gene diversity (h = 0.088 and 0.079, for Brazilian and Uruguayan populations, respectively), and Bayesian cluster analysis inferred two genetic clusters correlated with the geographical origin of isolates. A principal coordinates analysis scatter plot and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean-based dendrogram also grouped Brazilian and Uruguayan isolates into two groups. By pairwise comparison of nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants with a proposed set of testers, all Uruguayan isolates were grouped into a unique vegetative compatibility group (namely VCG 1), while Brazilian isolates were grouped into four VCGs (VCG 1 to 4). Brazilian and Uruguayan populations of C. fructicola were found to be genetically distinct. Our results suggest that isolates of C. fructicola from Brazil capable of causing GLS and ABR arose independently of those from Uruguay. Possible causes leading to the evolutionary differences between populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias F Rockenbach
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline C Velho
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amanda E Gonçalves
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro E Mondino
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sandra M Alaniz
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- First, second, third, and sixth authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianópolis-SC, Brazil; and fourth and fifth authors: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
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