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Jang KI, Chung HU, Xu S, Lee CH, Luan H, Jeong J, Cheng H, Kim GT, Han SY, Lee JW, Kim J, Cho M, Miao F, Yang Y, Jung HN, Flavin M, Liu H, Kong GW, Yu KJ, Rhee SI, Chung J, Kim B, Kwak JW, Yun MH, Kim JY, Song YM, Paik U, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Soft network composite materials with deterministic and bio-inspired designs. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6566. [PMID: 25782446 PMCID: PMC4383007 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard and soft structural composites found in biology provide inspiration for the design of advanced synthetic materials. Many examples of bio-inspired hard materials can be found in the literature; far less attention has been devoted to soft systems. Here we introduce deterministic routes to low-modulus thin film materials with stress/strain responses that can be tailored precisely to match the non-linear properties of biological tissues, with application opportunities that range from soft biomedical devices to constructs for tissue engineering. The approach combines a low-modulus matrix with an open, stretchable network as a structural reinforcement that can yield classes of composites with a wide range of desired mechanical responses, including anisotropic, spatially heterogeneous, hierarchical and self-similar designs. Demonstrative application examples in thin, skin-mounted electrophysiological sensors with mechanics precisely matched to the human epidermis and in soft, hydrogel-based vehicles for triggered drug release suggest their broad potential uses in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-In Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ha Uk Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jaewoong Jeong
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Gwang-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sang Youn Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Samsung Display Co. Display R&D Center, Yongin-city, Gyeongki-do 446–711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongee Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Fuxing Miao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Han Na Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Matthew Flavin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Howard Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gil Woo Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sang Il Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jeahoon Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Byunggik Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jean Won Kwak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Myoung Hee Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ungyu Paik
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Jang KI, Han SY, Xu S, Mathewson KE, Zhang Y, Jeong JW, Kim GT, Webb RC, Lee JW, Dawidczyk TJ, Kim RH, Song YM, Yeo WH, Kim S, Cheng H, Rhee SI, Chung J, Kim B, Chung HU, Lee D, Yang Y, Cho M, Gaspar JG, Carbonari R, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Rugged and breathable forms of stretchable electronics with adherent composite substrates for transcutaneous monitoring. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4779. [PMID: 25182939 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in stretchable electronics involves fundamental scientific topics relevant to applications with importance in human healthcare. Despite significant progress in active components, routes to mechanically robust construction are lacking. Here, we introduce materials and composite designs for thin, breathable, soft electronics that can adhere strongly to the skin, with the ability to be applied and removed hundreds of times without damaging the devices or the skin, even in regions with substantial topography and coverage of hair. The approach combines thin, ultralow modulus, cellular silicone materials with elastic, strain-limiting fabrics, to yield a compliant but rugged platform for stretchable electronics. Theoretical and experimental studies highlight the mechanics of adhesion and elastic deformation. Demonstrations include cutaneous optical, electrical and radio frequency sensors for measuring hydration state, electrophysiological activity, pulse and cerebral oximetry. Multipoint monitoring of a subject in an advanced driving simulator provides a practical example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-In Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sang Youn Han
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Samsung Display Co. Display R&D Center, Yongin-city, Gyeongki-do 446-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kyle E Mathewson
- 1] Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Yihui Zhang
- 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [3] Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gwang-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - R Chad Webb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Thomas J Dawidczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rak Hwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Young Min Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609735, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Stanley Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Sang Il Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jeahoon Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Byunggik Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ha Uk Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Moongee Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John G Gaspar
- 1] Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ronald Carbonari
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- 1] Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- 1] Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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