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Saxena R, Yang C, Rao M, Turaga RC, Garlapati C, Gundala SR, Myers K, Ghareeb A, Bhattarai S, Kamalinia G, Bristi S, Su D, Gadda G, Rida PCG, Cantuaria GH, Aneja R. Preclinical Development of a Nontoxic Oral Formulation of Monoethanolamine, a Lipid Precursor, for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3781-3793. [PMID: 28167510 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Most currently available chemotherapeutic agents target rampant cell division in cancer cells, thereby affecting rapidly dividing normal cells resulting in toxic side-effects. This nonspecificity necessitates identification of novel cellular pathways that are reprogrammed selectively in cancer cells and can be exploited to develop pharmacologically superior and less toxic therapeutics. Despite growing awareness on dysregulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells, targeting lipid biosynthesis is still largely uncharted territory. Herein, we report development of a novel nontoxic orally deliverable anticancer formulation of monoethanolamine (Etn) for prostate cancer by targeting the Kennedy pathway of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid biosynthesis.Experimental Design: We first evaluated gastrointestinal tract stability, drug-drug interaction liability, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetic properties of Etn to evaluate its suitability as a nontoxic orally deliverable agent. We next performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate efficacy and mechanism of action.Results: Our data demonstrate that Etn exhibits excellent bioavailability, gastrointestinal tract stability, and no drug-drug interaction liability. Remarkably, orally fed Etn inhibited tumor growth in four weeks by approximately 67% in mice bearing human prostate cancer PC-3 xenografts without any apparent toxicity. Mechanistically, Etn exploits selective overexpression of choline kinase in cancer cells, resulting in accumulation of phosphoethanolamine (PhosE), accompanied by downregulation of HIF-1α that induces metabolic stress culminating into cell death.Conclusions: Our study provides first evidence for the superior anticancer activity of Etn, a simple lipid precursor formulation, whose nontoxicity conforms to FDA-approved standards, compelling its clinical development for prostate cancer management. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3781-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Saxena
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mukkavilli Rao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly Myers
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Golnaz Kamalinia
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sangina Bristi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Giovanni Gadda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Guilherme H Cantuaria
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Northside Hospital Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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