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Todorović A, Bobić K, Veljković F, Pejić S, Glumac S, Stanković S, Milovanović T, Vukoje I, Nedeljković JM, Radojević Škodrić S, Pajović SB, Drakulić D. Comparable Toxicity of Surface-Modified TiO 2 Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Experimental Study on Reproductive Toxicity in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38397829 PMCID: PMC10886084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), a distinct class of particles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm, are one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2 NPs) are among the most widely produced and used NPs globally. The increased application of TiO2 NPs raises concerns regarding their global safety and risks of exposure. Many animal studies have reported the accumulation of TiO2 NPs in female reproductive organs; however, evidence of the resultant toxicity remains ambiguous. Since the surface area and chemical modifications of NPs can significantly change their cytotoxicity, we aimed to compare the toxic effects of pristine TiO2 powder with surface-modified TiO2 powders with salicylic acid (TiO2/SA) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (TiO2/5-ASA) on the ovaries, oviducts, and uterus on the 14th day following acute oral treatment. The results, based on alterations in food and water intake, body mass, organ-to-body mass ratio, hormonal status, histological features of tissues of interest, and antioxidant parameters, suggest that the modification with 5-ASA can mitigate some of the observed toxic effects of TiO2 powder and encourage future investigations to create NPs that can potentially reduce the harmful effects of TiO2 NPs while preserving their positive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Todorović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (K.B.); (S.P.); (S.B.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Katarina Bobić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (K.B.); (S.P.); (S.B.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Filip Veljković
- Department of Physical Chemistry, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Snežana Pejić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (K.B.); (S.P.); (S.B.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Sofija Glumac
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stanković
- Centre for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 550601 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Vukoje
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.V.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Jovan M. Nedeljković
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.V.); (J.M.N.)
| | | | - Snežana B. Pajović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (K.B.); (S.P.); (S.B.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (K.B.); (S.P.); (S.B.P.); (D.D.)
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