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Sanchez SE, Gu J, Golla A, Martin A, Shomali W, Hockemeyer D, Savage SA, Artandi SE. Digital telomere measurement by long-read sequencing distinguishes healthy aging from disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.29.569263. [PMID: 38077053 PMCID: PMC10705489 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length is an important biomarker of organismal aging and cellular replicative potential, but existing measurement methods are limited in resolution and accuracy. Here, we deploy digital telomere measurement by nanopore sequencing to understand how distributions of human telomere length change with age and disease. We measure telomere attrition and de novo elongation with unprecedented resolution in genetically defined populations of human cells, in blood cells from healthy donors and in blood cells from patients with genetic defects in telomere maintenance. We find that human aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of long telomeres and an accumulation of shorter telomeres. In patients with defects in telomere maintenance, the accumulation of short telomeres is more pronounced and correlates with phenotypic severity. We apply machine learning to train a binary classification model that distinguishes healthy individuals from those with telomere biology disorders. This sequencing and bioinformatic pipeline will advance our understanding of telomere maintenance mechanisms and the use of telomere length as a clinical biomarker of aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago E. Sanchez
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University; Stanford CA, USA
| | - Jessica Gu
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anudeep Golla
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annika Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - William Shomali
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven E. Artandi
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
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Erickson-DiRenzo E, Singh SP, Martinez JD, Sanchez SE, Easwaran M, Valdez TA. Cigarette smoke-induced changes in the murine vocal folds: a Raman spectroscopic observation. Analyst 2021; 145:7709-7717. [PMID: 32996925 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopic methods are being projected as novel tools to study the early invisible molecular level changes in a label-free manner. In the present study, we have used Raman spectroscopy to explore the earliest biochemical changes in murine vocal folds in response to time-bound cigarette smoke exposure. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 or 4-weeks through a customized smoke inhalation system. The larynx was collected and initial evaluations using standard methods of analysis such as histopathology and immunofluorescence was performed. Concurrent unstained sections were used for Raman imaging. Two common pathological features of vocal fold disorders including alterations in collagen content and epithelial hypercellularity, or hyperplasia, were observed. The mean spectra, principal component analysis, and Raman mapping also revealed differences in the collagen content and hypercellularity in the smoke exposed tissues. The differences in 2-week exposed tissues were found to be more prominent as compared to 4-week. This was attributed to adaptive responses and the already reported biphasic effects, which suggest that collagen synthesis is significantly reduced at higher cigarette smoke concentrations. Overall findings of the study are supportive of the prospective application of Raman imaging in monitoring changes due to cigarette smoke in the vocal folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Gelaye B, Kirschbaum C, Zhong QY, Sanchez SE, Rondon MB, Koenen KC, Williams MA. Chronic HPA activity in mothers with preterm delivery: A pilot nested case-control study. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2020; 13:313-321. [PMID: 31744018 DOI: 10.3233/npm-180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth (PTB) remains unclear due to inconsistent measures with limited ability to monitor long-term cortisol concentrations. We explored this relationship using the novel method of assessing cortisol in hair, which is a valid and reliable measure of chronic HPA axis activity. METHODS 137 participants (40 PTB cases and 97 controls from a birth cohort of pregnant women in Peru) were interviewed and invited to provide a 9-cm hair sample from the posterior vertex position of the scalp (mean = 13 weeks gestation). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was determined using luminescence immunoassay and values were natural-log transformed. PTB cases were defined as women who delivered before 37 gestational weeks. Case-control differences were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Overall, combined pre-conception and first-trimester HCC was 13% lower among cases as compared with controls (p-value = 0.01). Compared with controls, maternal HCC among PTB cases were 14% (p = 0.11), 10% (p = 0.22) and 14% (p = 0.08) lower for 3-6 months pre-conception, 0-3 months pre-conception, and first trimester, respectively. After adjusting for putative confounders, a 1-unit increase in HCC was associated with 55% reduced odds of PTB (aOR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.17-1.17). For a 1-unit increase in HCC in the scalp-intermediate and scalp-distal segments (representing HCC concentrations in 0-3 months pre-conception and first trimester), the corresponding odds for PTB were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.19-1.48) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.13-1.13), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Women who deliver preterm, as compared with those who deliver at term, have lower preconception and first trimester HCC. Our findings suggest that HPA axis activation, integral to the adaptive stress-response system, may be chronically dysregulated in women at increased risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C Kirschbaum
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Q Y Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S E Sanchez
- Universidad San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
- Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru
| | - M B Rondon
- Department of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
| | - K C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Whiten DR, Zuo Y, Calo L, Choi M, De S, Flagmeier P, Wirthensohn DC, Kundel F, Ranasinghe RT, Sanchez SE, Athauda D, Lee SF, Dobson CM, Gandhi S, Spillantini M, Klenerman D, Horrocks MH. Nanoscopic Characterisation of Individual Endogenous Protein Aggregates in Human Neuronal Cells. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2033-2038. [PMID: 30051958 PMCID: PMC6220870 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant misfolding and subsequent conversion of monomeric protein into amyloid aggregates characterises many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. These aggregates are highly heterogeneous in structure, generally of low abundance and typically smaller than the diffraction limit of light (≈250 nm). To overcome the challenges these characteristics pose to the study of endogenous aggregates formed in cells, we have developed a method to characterise them at the nanometre scale without the need for a conjugated fluorophore. Using a combination of DNA PAINT and an amyloid-specific aptamer, we demonstrate that this technique is able to detect and super-resolve a range of aggregated species, including those formed by α-synuclein and amyloid-β. Additionally, this method enables endogenous protein aggregates within cells to be characterised. We found that neuronal cells derived from patients with Parkinson's disease contain a larger number of protein aggregates than those from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Whiten
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Yukun Zuo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Laura Calo
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeHills RoadCambridgeCB2 0AHUK
| | | | - Suman De
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Franziska Kundel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Rohan T. Ranasinghe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Santiago E. Sanchez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Dilan Athauda
- UCL Institute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Steven F. Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | | | - Sonia Gandhi
- UCL Institute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Present addresses: EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Whiten DR, Zuo Y, Calo L, Choi ML, De S, Flagmeier P, Wirthensohn DC, Kundel F, Ranasinghe RT, Sanchez SE, Athauda D, Lee SF, Dobson CM, Gandhi S, Spillantini MG, Klenerman D, Horrocks MH. Cover Feature: Nanoscopic Characterisation of Individual Endogenous Protein Aggregates in Human Neuronal Cells (ChemBioChem 19/2018). Chembiochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Whiten
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Yukun Zuo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laura Calo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Cambridge; Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0AH UK
| | | | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - David C. Wirthensohn
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Franziska Kundel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Rohan T. Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Santiago E. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Dilan Athauda
- UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Steven F. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | | | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 0XY UK
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Present addresses: EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Abstract
Migraine headaches are among the leading causes of disability in the world. The burden of migraines is highest in women of reproductive age. This cross-sectional study characterized the prevalence, symptoms and correlates of migrainous headaches in 154 pregnant women attending a prenatal care clinic in Lima, Peru. Lifetime prevalence of migraine defined by modified IHS criteria was 9.1± (95± CI 4.6–13.6). When probable migraines were included, the lifetime prevalence of migraine in this population was 29.2± (95± CI 22.0–36.4). Migraine headaches were associated with a maternal history of headache, childhood carsickness, a diagnosis of allergies, and a high frequency of fatigue. Although headache-related disability was low in terms of missed work and recreation, high rates of headache pain and medicinal use reflect the true impact on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Adeney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA, and Dos de Mayo Hospital, Lima, Peru.
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Williams MA, Sanchez SE, Zhang C, Bazul V. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase677 C→T polymorphism and plasma folate in relation to pre-eclampsia risk among Peruvian women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 15:337-44. [PMID: 15280126 DOI: 10.1080/14767050410001680037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pre-eclampsia is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia in most studies. Nutritional and genetic factors regulate homocyst(e)ine levels. A missense mutation 677 C-->T in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been associated with an increased pre-eclampsia risk in some, although not most, previously studied populations. METHODS To further understand the role of this polymorphism in the etiology of pre-eclampsia, we genotyped a total of 125 pre-eclamptics and 179 normotensive pregnant Peruvian women. RESULTS The wild-type allele frequency among cases and controls was 54% and 58%, respectively. Twenty percent of cases and 17% of controls were homozygous for the 677 C-->T MTHFR genotype (T/T). After adjustment for confounding by covariates including maternal age, nulliparity, pre-pregnancy body mass index and use of prenatal vitamins, women homozygous for the 677 C-->T MTHFR genotype (T/T) experienced a modest, statistically non-significant increased risk of pre-eclampsia (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.7, 3.8). Maternal folate deficiency was associated with a statistically non-significant doubling in risk of pre-eclampsia in this population (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9, 4.3). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence to suggest that pre-eclampsia risk is positively associated with the T/T genotype overall, or in the context of folate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Williams
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sanchez SE, Qiu C, Larrabure G, David R, Williams MA. Erythrocyte Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Preeclampsia Risk in Peruvian Women. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s148-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Qiu C, Phung TTT, Vadachkoria S, Muy-Rivera M, Sanchez SE, Williams MA. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Oxidized LDL) and the risk of preeclampsia. Physiol Res 2006; 55:491-500. [PMID: 16343047 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. In a case-control study of 99 women with preeclampsia and 99 controls, we assessed maternal plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxidized LDL) in relation to preeclampsia risk. Logistic regression procedures were used to derive odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Plasma oxidized LDL was determined using enzyme immunoassay. Maternal plasma oxidized LDL was significantly positively correlated with lipids in both cases and controls. After adjusting for nulliparity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, physical inactivity, family history of chronic hypertension and plasma vitamin C concentrations, women who had elevated oxidized LDL concentrations ( > or = 50 U/l) experienced a 2.9-fold increased risk of preeclampsia when compared with women having lower oxidized LDL concentrations (95 % CI 1.4-5.9). The risk of preeclampsia was markedly increased in women who had both elevated oxidized LDL and elevated triglyceride concentrations (OR=8.9, 95 % CI 3.1-26.2). Women with both elevated oxidized LDL and low vitamin C concentrations experienced a 9.8-fold increased risk of preeclampsia (95 % CI 3.0-32.2). Our results confirm the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Prospective studies are needed to determine if elevated oxidized LDL concentrations can predict the occurrence of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qiu
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 750, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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Sanchez SE, Pacora P, Farfan JH, Fernandez A, Qiu C, Ananth CV, Williams MA. 502: Risk Factors of Abruptio Placentae among Peruvian Women. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - P Pacora
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - J H Farfan
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - C Qiu
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - C V Ananth
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Enquobahrie DA, Sanchez SE, Muy-Rivera M, Qiu C, Zhang C, Austin MA, Williams MA. 380-S: Hepatic Lipase Gene Polymorphism, Prepregnancy Overweight Status and Risk of Preeclampsia Among Peruvian Women. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s95c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A Enquobahrie
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - S E Sanchez
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M Muy-Rivera
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - C Qiu
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - C Zhang
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M A Austin
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M A Williams
- Swedish Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Sanchez SE, Zhang C, Williams MA. The influence of maternal triglyceride levels on infant birth weight in Peruvian women with pre-eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2003; 13:328-33. [PMID: 12916684 DOI: 10.1080/jmf.13.5.328.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertriglyceridemia is an important pathophysiological feature of pre-eclampsia, a complication associated with retarded fetal growth. We studied the relation between third-trimester maternal triglyceride levels and infant birth weight in 113 pre-eclamptic and 150 normotensive women. METHODS Plasma triglyceride concentrations were determined using enzymatic methods. The relative risk of infant low birth weight (LBW, < 2500 g) was determined using logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Approximately 12% of normotensive and 32% of pre-eclamptic mothers delivered LBW infants. After adjusting for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy adiposity and gestational age at delivery, pre-eclamptics were 2.3 times more likely to deliver a LBW infant as compared with normotensive mothers (95% CI 1.1-5.0). There was no association between plasma triglyceride level and infant birth weight. Pearson correlation coefficients for birth weight and triglyceride were r = 0.10 (p = 0.24) and r = 0.06 (p = 0.49) for normotensive and pre-eclamptic women, respectively. The OR for LBW associated with high triglyceride level (> or = 233 mg/dl) was 0.8 (95% CI 0.2-3.1) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.4-2.0) for the two groups. Triglyceride levels did not modify the pre-eclampsia and LBW association. Compared to normotensive women with low triglyceride level (< 233 mg/dl), the ORs for LBW were 1.2 (95% CI 0.4-4.0), 3.6 (95% CI 1.0-12.5) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.0-8.0) for normotensive and high triglyceride, pre-eclamptic and low triglyceride, and pre-eclamptic and high triglyceride mothers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hypertriglyceridemia in late pregnancy, considered a maternal adaptation to maintain stable fuel distribution to the fetus, was not related to birth weight.
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Zhang C, Williams MA, Sanchez SE, King IB, Ware-Jauregui S, Larrabure G, Bazul V, Leisenring WM. Plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153:572-80. [PMID: 11257065 DOI: 10.1093/aje/153.6.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This case-control study was conducted in Lima, Peru, from June 1997 through January 1998 to assess whether plasma concentrations of carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin), retinol, and tocopherols (alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol) are decreased in women with preeclampsia. A total of 125 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 179 normotensive pregnant women were included. Plasma concentrations of antioxidants were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. After adjusting for maternal demographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics and total plasma lipid concentrations, the authors found a linear increase in risk of preeclampsia with increasing concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (odds ratio of the highest quartile = 3.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 9.23, with the lowest quartile as the reference group; p value of the test of linear trend = 0.040). The risk of preeclampsia decreased across increasing quartiles of concentrations for retinol (odds ratio of the highest quartile = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.69, with the lowest quartile as the reference group; p value of the test of linear trend = 0.001). Some of these results are inconsistent with the prevailing hypothesis that preeclampsia is an antioxidant-deficient state. Preliminary findings confirm an earlier observation of increased plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol among women with preeclampsia as compared with normotensive pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Sanchez SE, Zhang C, Rene Malinow M, Ware-Jauregui S, Larrabure G, Williams MA. Plasma folate, vitamin B(12), and homocyst(e)ine concentrations in preeclamptic and normotensive Peruvian women. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153:474-80. [PMID: 11226979 DOI: 10.1093/aje/153.5.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors measured maternal third trimester plasma folate, vitamin B(12), and homocyst(e)ine concentrations among 125 women with preeclampsia and 179 normotensive women in Lima, Peru (1997-1998), to determine whether these analytes were associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Logistic regression procedures were used to calculate maximum likelihood estimates of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Relative to women in the upper quartile of the control distribution of maternal plasma folate concentrations, women with values in the lowest quartile experienced a 1.6-fold increased risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.8, 3.2). There was no evidence of an increased risk of preeclampsia associated with low plasma vitamin B(12) concentrations. The unadjusted relative risk of preeclampsia increased across successively higher quartiles of plasma homocyst(e)ine level (odds ratios were 1.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.9, respectively, with the lowest quartile used as the referent; p for linear trend = 0.0004). After adjustment for maternal age, parity, gestational age, use of prenatal vitamins, whether the pregnancy had been planned, and educational attainment, the relative risk between extreme quartiles was 4.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.8, 8.9). These findings are consistent with earlier reports suggesting that hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in pregnancy may be a risk factor for preeclampsia.
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Sanchez SE, Zhang C, Williams MA, Ware-Jauregui S, Larrabure G, Bazul V, Farrand A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor p55 (sTNFp55) and risk of preeclampsia in Peruvian women. J Reprod Immunol 2000; 47:49-63. [PMID: 10779590 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(99)00064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a large case-control study to assess the risk of preeclampsia with elevated sTNFp55 concentrations (markers of excessive TNF-alpha release) in Peruvian women. A total of 125 women with preeclampsia and 179 normotensive women were included in a study conducted during the period, June 1997 through January 1998. Antepartum (third-trimester) plasma sTNFp55 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Mean plasma sTNFp55 concentrations were 32.4% higher among preeclampsia cases (920.1+/-30.4 pg/ml) as compared with controls (694.8+/-15.0 pg/ml, Student's t-test P<0.001). There was a strong linear increase in risk of preeclampsia with increasing concentrations of sTNFp55 (linear trend P-value <0. 001). After adjusting for confounding factors, women in the highest quartile experienced a 10-fold increased risk of preeclampsia as compared with women in the lowest quartile (adjusted odds ratio, 10.3; 95% confidence interval, 4.1-25.9). Compared with women in the highest quartile, women in the second and third quartiles experienced a 3-fold or greater increased risk of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratios were 3.1 and 3.8, respectively). Excessive TNF-alpha release (as measured by the detection of the soluble receptor sTNFp55 in maternal plasma collected before delivery) is increased in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia as compared with normotensive pregnancies. These findings are consistent with most previous studies.
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Ware-Jauregui S, Sanchez SE, Zhang C, Laraburre G, King IB, Williams MA. Plasma lipid concentrations in pre-eclamptic and normotensive Peruvian women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1999; 67:147-55. [PMID: 10659897 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(99)00161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dyslipidemia is thought to be of etiological importance in pre-eclampsia. We studied the relationship between maternal plasma lipid concentrations and risk of pre-eclampsia. METHODS A total of 125 pre-eclampsia cases and 179 normotensive control subjects were included in this case-control study conducted in Lima, Peru, between August 1997 and January 1998. Postdiagnosis, antepartum plasma lipid profiles were determined by standard enzymatic methods. Logistic regression procedures were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Mean plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were, on average, 6% and 21% higher in pre-eclamptics than controls, respectively. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were, on average, 9% lower in cases than controls. After adjusting for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, education, parity and other potential confounders, the risk of pre-eclampsia increased with successively higher quartiles of plasma triglyceride (adjusted OR: 1.00, 1.62, 2.21, 5.00, with the lowest quartile as referent; P-value for trend < 0.001). The association between pre-eclampsia risk and plasma total cholesterol was much less pronounced. In general, there was an inverse association between pre-eclampsia risk and HDL cholesterol concentration (adjusted OR: 1.00, 0.41, 0.50, 0.38, with the first quartile as the referent group; P-value for trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol concentrations are important risk factors for pre-eclampsia among Peruvian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ware-Jauregui
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine Seattle 98195, USA
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