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Tian J, Ashique AM, Weeks S, Lan T, Yang H, Chen HIH, Song C, Koyano K, Mondal K, Tsai D, Cheung I, Moshrefi M, Kekatpure A, Fan B, Li B, Qurashi S, Rocha L, Aguayo J, Rodgers C, Meza M, Heeke D, Medfisch SM, Chu C, Starck S, Basak NP, Sankaran S, Malhotra M, Crawley S, Tran TT, Duey DY, Ho C, Mikaelian I, Liu W, Rivera LB, Huang J, Paavola KJ, O'Hollaren K, Blum LK, Lin VY, Chen P, Iyer A, He S, Roda JM, Wang Y, Sissons J, Kutach AK, Kaplan DD, Stone GW. ILT2 and ILT4 Drive Myeloid Suppression via Both Overlapping and Distinct Mechanisms. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:592-613. [PMID: 38393969 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors are dense three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures that enable efficient receptor-ligand trans interactions via close cell-cell contact. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4 are related immune-suppressive receptors that play a role in the inhibition of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment. The relative contribution of ILT2 and ILT4 to immune inhibition in the context of solid tumor tissue has not been fully explored. We present evidence that both ILT2 and ILT4 contribute to myeloid inhibition. We found that although ILT2 inhibits myeloid cell activation in the context of trans-engagement by MHC-I, ILT4 efficiently inhibits myeloid cells in the presence of either cis- or trans-engagement. In a 3D spheroid tumor model, dual ILT2/ILT4 blockade was required for the optimal activation of myeloid cells, including the secretion of CXCL9 and CCL5, upregulation of CD86 on dendritic cells, and downregulation of CD163 on macrophages. Humanized mouse tumor models showed increased immune activation and cytolytic T-cell activity with combined ILT2 and ILT4 blockade, including evidence of the generation of immune niches, which have been shown to correlate with clinical response to immune-checkpoint blockade. In a human tumor explant histoculture system, dual ILT2/ILT4 blockade increased CXCL9 secretion, downregulated CD163 expression, and increased the expression of M1 macrophage, IFNγ, and cytolytic T-cell gene signatures. Thus, we have revealed distinct contributions of ILT2 and ILT4 to myeloid cell biology and provide proof-of-concept data supporting the combined blockade of ILT2 and ILT4 to therapeutically induce optimal myeloid cell reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tian
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sabrina Weeks
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tian Lan
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Hong Yang
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Kikuye Koyano
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Daniel Tsai
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Isla Cheung
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Bin Fan
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Betty Li
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Samir Qurashi
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Lauren Rocha
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Col Rodgers
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Darren Heeke
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Chun Chu
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dana Y Duey
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Carmence Ho
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Wenhui Liu
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Lee B Rivera
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jiawei Huang
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Lisa K Blum
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Vicky Y Lin
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Peirong Chen
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sisi He
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Julie M Roda
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Yan Wang
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - James Sissons
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Alan K Kutach
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
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Muehl EM, Gajsiewicz JM, Medfisch SM, Wiersma ZSB, Morrissey JH, Bailey RC. Multiplexed silicon photonic sensor arrays enable facile characterization of coagulation protein binding to nanodiscs with variable lipid content. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16249-16256. [PMID: 28801460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of soluble proteins with the cell membrane are critical within the blood coagulation cascade. Of particular interest are the interactions of γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain-containing clotting proteins with lipids. Variability among conventional analytical methods presents challenges for comparing clotting protein-lipid interactions. Most previous studies have investigated only a single clotting protein and lipid composition and have yielded widely different binding constants. Herein, we demonstrate that a combination of lipid bilayer nanodiscs and a multiplexed silicon photonic analysis technology enables high-throughput probing of many protein-lipid interactions among blood-clotting proteins. This approach allowed direct comparison of the binding constants of prothrombin, factor X, activated factor VII, and activated protein C to seven different binary lipid compositions. In a single experiment, the binding constants of one protein interacting with all lipid compositions were simultaneously determined. A simple surface regeneration then facilitated similar binding measurements for three other coagulation proteins. As expected, our results indicated that all proteins exhibit tighter binding (lower Kd ) as the proportion of anionic lipid increases. Interestingly, at high proportions of phosphatidylserine, the Kd values of all four proteins began to converge. We also found that although koff values for all four proteins followed trends similar to those observed for the Kd values, the variation among the proteins was much lower, indicating that much of the variation came from the kinetic binding (kon) of the proteins. These findings indicate that the combination of silicon photonic microring resonator arrays and nanodiscs enables rapid interrogation of biomolecular binding interactions at model cell membrane interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Gajsiewicz
- Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Sara M Medfisch
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | - James H Morrissey
- Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- From the Departments of Chemistry and .,the Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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