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To A, Wong TAS, Ball AH, Lieberman MM, Yalley-Ogunro J, Cabus M, Nezami S, Paz F, Elyard HA, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Deer DJ, Woolsey C, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Donini O, Lehrer AT. Thermostable bivalent filovirus vaccine protects against severe and lethal Sudan ebolavirus and marburgvirus infection. Vaccine 2024; 42:598-607. [PMID: 38158300 PMCID: PMC10872277 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although two vaccines for Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) have been licensed and deployed successfully to combat recurring outbreaks of Ebolavirus Disease in West Africa, there are no vaccines for two other highly pathogenic members of the Filoviridae, Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) and Marburg marburgvirus (MARV). The results described herein document the immunogenicity and protective efficacy in cynomolgus macaques of a single-vial, thermostabilized (lyophilized) monovalent (SUDV) and bivalent (SUDV & MARV) protein vaccines consisting of recombinant glycoproteins (GP) formulated with a clinical-grade oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant (CoVaccine HT™). Lyophilized formulations of the vaccines were reconstituted with Water for Injection and used to immunize groups of cynomolgus macaques before challenge with a lethal dose of a human SUDV or MARV isolate. Sera collected after each of the three immunizations showed near maximal GP-binding IgG concentrations starting as early as the second dose. Most importantly, the vaccine candidates (monovalent or bivalent) provided 100% protection against severe and lethal filovirus disease after either SUDV or MARV infection. Although mild, subclinical infection was observed in a few macaques, all vaccinated animals remained healthy and survived the filovirus challenge. These results demonstrate the value that thermostabilized protein vaccines could provide for addressing an important gap in preparedness for future filovirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert To
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Teri Ann S Wong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Aquena H Ball
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Michael M Lieberman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | - Axel T Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Rangchian M, Nezami S, Jafari Seresht D, Larki-Harchegani A. Pharmacy students' level of financial literacy and its differences among students with various career intentions. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2020; 12:671-679. [PMID: 32482269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pharmacy students will work at managerial positions after graduation, so policymakers' awareness from their level of financial literacy and intentions regarding their future career field and path might be helpful to identify existing gaps and needed interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of financial literacy among pharmacy students and their intentions regarding career path and field. METHODS Data were gathered in early 2018 using a questionnaire which consisted of three parts: questions on financial literacy, career intentions, and participants' characteristics. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, comparison of the level of financial literacy and career intention among different demographic groups, as well as the comparison of the level of financial literacy among students preferring various career fields and paths. RESULTS A total of 173 usable questionnaires were gathered. Significant differences were observed in terms of the level of financial literacy between various groups of students' personal income, term of education, and history of receiving finance-related information from people around them. Students showed more weakness in responding to questions related to investment. It was also revealed that students with higher scores in financial literacy gave priority to fast entrance to the job market compared to other suggested career paths. CONCLUSIONS Although improvement in all aspects of financial literacy seem required for the studied population, more weakness was observed in terms of investment questions. Community pharmacy and rapid entrance to the work market were the preferred career field and path, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rangchian
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences School of Pharmacy, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sara Nezami
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences School of Pharmacy, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davood Jafari Seresht
- Bu-Ali Sina University, Department of Economics, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Amir Larki-Harchegani
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences School of Pharmacy, Shahid Fahmideh Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran
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van Beurden YH, Nezami S, Mulder CJJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE. Host factors are more important in predicting recurrent Clostridium difficile infection than ribotype and use of antibiotics. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:85.e1-85.e4. [PMID: 28782647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A frequent complication of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether early recurrence risk was higher after infection with ribotype 027 (outbreak strain) compared with infection with endemic strain types of C. difficile. METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with CDI between May 2013 and March 2014 were included (outbreak strain, and non-outbreak strains). Patients who developed recurrent CDI within 30 days after completion of CDI treatment, were compared with patients without a recurrence. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical characteristics. General practitioners were contacted to complete data about the occurrence of recurrent CDI, and the use of medication after hospital discharge. RESULTS In total, 135 patients were at risk for the development of recurrent CDI; 74 patients were infected by ribotype 027, and 61 patients by other ribotypes. Thirty-nine patients (29%) developed recurrent CDI within 30 days after completion of CDI treatment. In multivariable analysis, age ≥70 years (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.54-6.03), and a duration of CDI treatment ≥11 days (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.00-3.69) were clearly associated with recurrence; infection with ribotype 027 showed a HR of 1.72 (95% CI 0.88-3.33). CONCLUSION During this outbreak of C. difficile in a tertiary care centre, age and a prolonged duration of CDI therapy (which is most likely a marker of underlying disease severity) were the main risk factors for recurrent CDI. This points to host factors as more important predictors for recurrent CDI than strain type or antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H van Beurden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S Nezami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M J E Vandenbroucke-Grauls
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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LeBlanc L, Nezami S, Yost D, Tsourkas P, Amy PS. Isolation and characterization of a novel phage lysin active against Paenibacillus larvae, a honeybee pathogen. Bacteriophage 2015; 5:e1080787. [PMID: 26904379 PMCID: PMC4743491 DOI: 10.1080/21597081.2015.1080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB) disease which affects early larval stages during honeybee development. Due to its virulence, transmissibility, capacity to develop antibiotic resistance, and the inherent resilience of its endospores, Paenibacillus larvae is extremely difficult to eradicate from infected hives which often must be burned. AFB contributes to the worldwide decline of honeybee populations, which are crucial for pollination and the food supply. We have isolated a novel bacteriophage lysin, PlyPalA, from the genome of a novel Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophage originally extracted from an environmental sample. PlyPalA has an N-terminal N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase catalytic domain and possesses lytic activity against infectious strains of Paenibacillus larvae without harming commensal bacteria known to compose the honeybee larval microbiota. A single dose of PlyPalA rescued 75% of larvae infected with endospores, showing that it represents a powerful tool for future treatment of AFB. This represents the first time that lysins have been tested for therapeutic use in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy LeBlanc
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nevada ; Las Vegas, NV USA
| | - Sara Nezami
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nevada ; Las Vegas, NV USA
| | - Diane Yost
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nevada ; Las Vegas, NV USA
| | | | - Penny S Amy
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nevada ; Las Vegas, NV USA
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