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Aithal S, Mishriki S, Gupta R, Sahu RP, Botos G, Tanvir S, Hanson RW, Puri IK. SARS-CoV-2 detection with aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2022; 236:122841. [PMID: 34635231 PMCID: PMC8409056 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A rapid detection test for SARS-CoV-2 is urgently required to monitor virus spread and containment. Here, we describe a test that uses nanoprobes, which are gold nanoparticles functionalized with an aptamer specific to the spike membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirms aptamer binding with the spike protein on gold surfaces. Protein recognition occurs by adding a coagulant, where nanoprobes with no bound protein agglomerate while those with sufficient bound protein do not. Using plasmon absorbance spectra, the nanoprobes detect 16 nM and higher concentrations of spike protein in phosphate-buffered saline. The time-varying light absorbance is examined at 540 nm to determine the critical coagulant concentration required to agglomerates the nanoprobes, which depends on the protein concentration. This approach detects 3540 genome copies/μl of inactivated SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsa Aithal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Botos
- Genemis Laboratories, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada; Aptavid, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ishwar K Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Gupta T, Aithal S, Mishriki S, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Label-Free Magnetic-Field-Assisted Assembly of Layer-on-Layer Cellular Structures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4294-4303. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mishriki S, Aithal S, Gupta T, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Fibroblasts Accelerate Formation and Improve Reproducibility of 3D Cellular Structures Printed with Magnetic Assistance. Research (Wash D C) 2020; 2020:3970530. [PMID: 32776011 PMCID: PMC7395227 DOI: 10.34133/2020/3970530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (mouse, NIH/3T3) are combined with MDA-MB-231 cells to accelerate the formation and improve the reproducibility of 3D cellular structures printed with magnetic assistance. Fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 cells are cocultured to produce 12.5 : 87.5, 25 : 75, and 50 : 50 total population mixtures. These mixtures are suspended in a cell medium containing a paramagnetic salt, Gd-DTPA, which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the medium with respect to the cells. A 3D monotypic MDA-MB-231 cellular structure is printed within 24 hours with magnetic assistance, whereas it takes 48 hours to form a similar structure through gravitational settling alone. The maximum projected areas and circularities, and cellular ATP levels of the printed structures are measured for 336 hours. Increasing the relative amounts of the fibroblasts mixed with the MDA-MB-231 cells decreases the time taken to form the structures and improves their reproducibility. Structures produced through gravitational settling have larger maximum projected areas and cellular ATP, but are deemed less reproducible. The distribution of individual cell lines in the cocultured 3D cellular structures shows that printing with magnetic assistance yields 3D cellular structures that resemble in vivo tumors more closely than those formed through gravitational settling. The results validate our hypothesis that (1) fibroblasts act as a "glue" that supports the formation of 3D cellular structures, and (2) the structures are produced more rapidly and with greater reproducibility with magnetically assisted printing than through gravitational settling alone. Printing of 3D cellular structures with magnetic assistance has applications relevant to drug discovery, lab-on-chip devices, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srivatsa Aithal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamaghna Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Walter Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Mishriki S, Abdel Fattah AR, Kammann T, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Rapid Magnetic 3D Printing of Cellular Structures with MCF-7 Cell Inks. Research (Wash D C) 2019; 2019:9854593. [PMID: 31549098 PMCID: PMC6750075 DOI: 10.34133/2019/9854593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A contactless label-free method using a diamagnetophoretic ink to rapidly print three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free multicellular structures is described. The inks consist of MCF-7 cells that are suspended in a culture medium to which a paramagnetic salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium (III) dihydrogen salt hydrate (Gd-DTPA), is added. When a magnetic field is applied, the host fluid containing the paramagnetic salt is attracted towards regions of high magnetic field gradient, displacing the ink towards regions with a low gradient. Using this method, 3D structures are printed on ultra-low attachment (ULA) surfaces. On a tissue culture treated (TCT) surface, a 3D printed spheroid coexists with a two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer, where the composite is termed as a 2.5D structure. The 3D structures can be magnetically printed within 6 hours in a medium containing 25 mM Gd-DTPA. The influence of the paramagnetic salt on MCF-7 cell viability, cell morphology, and ability of cells to adhere to each other to stabilize the printed structures on both ULA and TCT surfaces is investigated. Gene expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) allow comparison of the relative stresses for the printed 3D and 2.5D cell geometries with those for 3D spheroids formed without magnetic assistance. This magnetic printing method can be potentially scaled to a higher throughput to rapidly print cells into 3D heterogeneous cell structures with variable geometries with repeatable dimensions for applications such as tissue engineering and tumour formation for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. R. Abdel Fattah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Kammann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - R. P. Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - I. K. Puri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abdel Fattah AR, Abdalla AM, Mishriki S, Meleca E, Geng F, Ghosh S, Puri IK. Correction to "Magnetic Printing of a Biosensor: Inexpensive Rapid Sensing To Detect Picomolar Amounts of Antigen with Antibody-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes". ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:44199-44200. [PMID: 30520298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Abdel Fattah AR, Mishriki S, Kammann T, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Gadopentatic acid affects in vitro proliferation and doxorubicin response in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Biometals 2018; 31:605-616. [PMID: 29728885 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Contrasting agents (CAs) that are administered to patients during magnetic resonance imaging to facilitate tumor identification are generally considered harmless. However, gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents can be retained in the body, inflicting specific cell line cytotoxicity. We investigate the effect of Gadopentatic acid (Gd-DTPA) on human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. These cells exhibit a toggle switch response: exposure to 0.1 and 1 mM concentrations of Gd-DTPA enhances proliferation, which is hindered at a higher 10 mM concentration. Proliferation is enhanced when cells transition to 3D morphologies in post confluent conditions. The proliferation dependence on the concentration of CA is absent for Hs 578T and MDA-MB-231 triple negative cell lines. MCF-7 cells reveal a double toggle switch related to the expression of VEGF, which goes through high-low-high downregulation when cells are exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 mM Gd-DTPA, respectively. Finally, doxorubicin drug response is assessed, which also reveals a double toggle switch behavior, where drug cytotoxicity exhibits a nonlinear dependence on the CA concentration. A toggle switch in cell characteristics that are exposed to 1 mM of Gd-DTPA amplifies the importance of this threshold, affecting several cell behaviors if surpassed. This work emphasizes the important effects that CAs can have on cells, specifically Gd-DTPA on MCF-7 cells, and the implications for cell growth and drug response during clinical and synthetic biology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tobias Kammann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rakesh P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ishwar K Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Mishriki S. MP74-13 SEX, PAIN, RELATIONSHIP BREAKDOWN AND VASECTOMY - LARGE COHORT STUDY. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abdel Fattah AR, Mishriki S, Kammann T, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. 3D cellular structures and co-cultures formed through the contactless magnetic manipulation of cells on adherent surfaces. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:683-694. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Label-free cell magnetic manipulations facilitate fast and new experimental setups and reveal novel observations in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Tobias Kammann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- Germany
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering
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Fattah ARA, Abdalla AM, Mishriki S, Meleca E, Geng F, Ghosh S, Puri IK. Magnetic Printing of a Biosensor: Inexpensive Rapid Sensing To Detect Picomolar Amounts of Antigen with Antibody-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:11790-11797. [PMID: 28319366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When an antibody (Ab) is immobilized on its surface, a carbon nanotube (CNT) becomes a biosensor that detects the corresponding antigen (Ag) because Ag-Ab complexes formed on the CNT surface moderate the current flow through it. We synthesized a biological ink containing CNTs that are twice functionalized, first with magnetic nanoparticles and thereafter with the anti-c-Myc monoclonal Ab. The ink is pipetted and dynamically self-organized by an external magnetic field into a dense electrically conducting sensor strip that measures the decrease in current when a sample containing c-Myc Ag is deposited on it. Prototypes are rapidly fabricated materials that cost less than 20 cents (Canadian) for each sensor. With larger current decreases due to real-time specific Ag-Ab binding for higher c-Myc concentrations, the biosensor distinguishes between picomolar c-Myc concentrations within a minute, offering proof of concept of a simple, rapid, economical, and sensitive method to detect specific molecules recognizable by Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Abdalla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Elvira Meleca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Suvojit Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ishwar K Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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Abdel Fattah AR, Meleca E, Mishriki S, Lelic A, Geng F, Sahu RP, Ghosh S, Puri IK. In Situ 3D Label-Free Contactless Bioprinting of Cells through Diamagnetophoresis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2133-2138. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Elvira Meleca
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Alina Lelic
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Suvojit Ghosh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
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Mishriki S, Law D, Jones M, Johnson M. How much do junior staff influence patient throughput in a surgical unit? Health Trends 1991; 24:34-6. [PMID: 10122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken of inpatient throughput in a surgical department on a 'split site' District General Hospital. The study compared the individual contribution of equally qualified and experienced surgical registrars working at both sites. The results show that one registrar was associated with a statistically significant higher patient throughput, which appeared to be the result of a more expeditious approach to patient management. There was no evidence of an accompanying reduction in the quality of care delivered. The additional throughput amounted to approximately 300 extra patients in two years, and made a substantial contribution to the surgical workload in the District.
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