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Cagle LA, Fry MM, Wesley KB, Beatty SSK. Silica and barium: Comparison of microscopic appearance and characterization of effects of silica on cytomorphology. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:698-704. [PMID: 38097197 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica from plastic red top sample collection tubes and barium cause recognized artifacts in slide preparations for microscopic examination. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate and directly compare the microscopic appearance of silica and barium particles and various slide preparation techniques (e.g., use of coverslips, oil immersion, and different stains). A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of silica particles on cellular morphology after mechanical trauma with cytocentrifugation. METHODS Fluid samples (deionized water, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine) were collected and evaluated in silica- and non-silica-containing tubes. Barium was added to silica and non-silica samples. Direct and cytocentrifuge preparations were compared to evaluate the effect of silica particles on cellular morphology. Preparations were stained with Wright-Giemsa, rhodizonic acid disodium salt, Alizarin Red, Grocott's methenamine silver, and Prussian blue. RESULTS Silica and barium particles were identifiable via light microscopy with and without polarized light, although silica particles diminished with immersion oil. Barium particles retained their structure and diminished less under oil. Cytoseal mounting medium for coverslip placement resulted in diminished refractility of silica and some barium particles. Silica particles with mechanical interaction during cytocentrifugation resulted in disrupted cellular morphology with many lysed cells. Silica and barium particles were negative for all special stains tested. CONCLUSIONS Silica from plastic red top tubes adversely affects cell morphology in cytocentrifuge preparations, potentially affecting manual differential cell counts and compromising diagnostic interpretation. Samples intended for microscopic evaluation should not be collected in silica-containing tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cagle
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael M Fry
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth B Wesley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA
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2
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Guarino AL, Cagle LA, Ehrhardt CM, Beatty SSK, Stern JK, Gilor C, Specht AJ, Londoño LA. Successful multimodal treatment of extreme hypertriglyceridemia in a juvenile diabetic dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:247-256. [PMID: 36573353 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the therapeutic protocol used to normalize severe hypertriglyceridemia in a dog. CASE SUMMARY A 7-month-old, 1.2-kg female Pomeranian presented with acute polyuria, polydipsia, and ocular discoloration. Diagnoses included diabetic ketosis, severe hypertriglyceridemia (>225 mmol/L [>20,000 mg/dl]), lipemia retinalis, and bilateral uveitis. The triglyceride concentration was near normal within 2 days of initiating treatment with fenofibrate, regular insulin constant rate infusion (CRI), manual therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and a low-fat diet. All clinical signs resolved. The dog has had no relapse of hypertriglyceridemia at the time of writing the manuscript, 6 months later, with continued treatment of diabetes mellitus. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This is the first case report documenting the combination of fenofibrate, insulin CRI, and manual TPE for treatment of severe hyperlipidemia in a dog. Detailed protocols for manual TPE and a novel insulin CRI are provided. A discussion of multiple spurious biochemical and hematologic errors associated with the severe hypertriglyceridemia is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria L Guarino
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura A Cagle
- Diagnostic Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caryn M Ehrhardt
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Diagnostic Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Jere K Stern
- Diagnostic Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Auburn University Clinical Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Chen Gilor
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Specht
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leo A Londoño
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Capital Veterinary Specialists, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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3
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Guarino AL, Specht AJ, Beatty SSK, O'Kell AL. Comparison of biochemical and hematologic values obtained via jugular venipuncture and peripheral intravenous catheters in dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1628-1640. [PMID: 36053877 PMCID: PMC9511059 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aria L. Guarino
- University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners Rockville Maryland USA
| | - Andrew J. Specht
- University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Sarah S. K. Beatty
- University of Florida Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
- Antech Diagnostics Fountain Valley California USA
| | - Allison L. O'Kell
- University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
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Cagle LA, Sandoval K, Wait CS, Porter EG, Beatty SSK. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 259:1-4. [PMID: 35503745 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.06.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cagle
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kamila Sandoval
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Courtney S Wait
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Erin G Porter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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5
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Whitman RE, Whipple KM, Plummer CE, Beatty SSK. What is your diagnosis? Corneal scrape cytology from a horse. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 52 Suppl 2:142-145. [PMID: 35445435 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Whitman
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Caryn E Plummer
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
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Whitman R, Sandoval K, Miller B, Groover J, Craft S, Beatty SSK. What is your diagnosis? Subcutaneous mass in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:621-623. [PMID: 34374117 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Whitman
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kamila Sandoval
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryce Miller
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Groover
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Serena Craft
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sandoval K, Miller B, Carvajal J, Mendoza P, Roberts JF, Gallastegui Menoyo A, Beatty SSK. What is your diagnosis? Coxofemoral synovial fluid from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:459-461. [PMID: 34288005 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sandoval
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryce Miller
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Carvajal
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Mendoza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John F Roberts
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aitor Gallastegui Menoyo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Conrado FO, Jones EA, Graham EA, Simpson KW, Craft WF, Beatty SSK. Cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features of granulomatous colitis in a French Bulldog. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50 Suppl 1:76-82. [PMID: 33942344 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A young French Bulldog was presented with clinical signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease, unresponsive to medical therapies. Parasite screenings and abdominal ultrasound failed to identify the etiology of the clinical signs. Cytologic evaluation of a rectal scraping sample diagnosed presumptive granulomatous colitis (GC) based on the presence of numerous macrophages with characteristic abundant, pink, granular cytoplasm, which showed an intense pink color when stained with periodic acid-Schiff. Tissue biopsy samples and Escherichia coli fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. The cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features and staining properties of GC in a French Bulldog are reported. Rectal scraping should be considered a part of the diagnostic evaluation in patients with suspected GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Conrado
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emery A Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erin A Graham
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - William F Craft
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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Conrado FO, Beatty SSK. Fluid Analysis in the Equine Patient: Cerebrospinal, Synovial, and Peritoneal Fluids. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 36:S0749-0739(21)00002-X. [PMID: 33618950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid analysis is an important part of the diagnostic work-up of equine patients presenting with disorders of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and abdominal cavity. Proper specimen handling and processing are paramount for complete and accurate interpretation of fluid samples. Normal cerebrospinal fluid is a low-cellularity, low-protein fluid requiring specific sample handling to ensure accurate results. Joint and abdominal fluid analyses are completed in practice or submitted for analysis to a reference laboratory. This article discusses fluid sample handling and processing considerations for the equine practitioner and reviews cytologic evaluation of normal and abnormal cerebrospinal, synovial, and peritoneal fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Conrado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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10
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Gomez DE, Buczinski S, Darby S, Palmisano M, Beatty SSK, Mackay RJ. Agreement of 2 electrolyte analyzers for identifying electrolyte and acid-base disorders in sick horses. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2758-2766. [PMID: 32965055 PMCID: PMC7694849 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of different analyzers to measure electrolytes in the same horse can lead to different interpretation of acid-base balance when using the simplified strong ion difference (sSID) approach. OBJECTIVE Investigate the level of agreement between 2 analyzers in determining electrolytes concentrations, sSID variables, and acid-base disorders in sick horses. ANIMALS One hundred twenty-four hospitalized horses. METHODS Retrospective study using paired samples. Electrolytes were measured using a Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry analyzer (PBMA) and a Nova Biomedical Stat Profile (WBGA), respectively. Calculated sSID variables included strong ion difference, SID4 ; unmeasured strong ions, USI; and total nonvolatile buffer ion concentration in plasma (Atot ). Agreement between analyzers was explored using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Kappa (κ) test evaluated the level of agreement between analyzers in detecting acid-base disorders. RESULTS Methodologic differences were identified in measured Na+ and Cl- and calculated values of SID4 and USI. Mean bias (95% limits of agreement) for Na+ , Cl- , SID4 , and USI were: -1.2 mmol/L (-9.2 to 6.8), 4.4 mmol/L (-4.4 to 13), -5.4 mmol/L (-13 to 2), and -6.2 mmol/L (-14 to 1.7), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for SID4 and USI was .55 (95%CI: -0.2 to 0.8) and .2 (95%CI: -0.15 to 0.48), respectively. There was a poor agreement between analyzers for detection of SID4 (κ = 0.20, 95%CI, 0.1 to 0.31) or USI abnormalities (κ = -0.04, 95%CI, -0.11 to 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Differences between analyzer methodology in measuring electrolytes led to a poor agreement between the diagnosis of acid-base disorders in sick horses when using the sSID approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shannon Darby
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Megan Palmisano
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J Mackay
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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11
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Conrado FO, Dark MJ, Beatty SSK. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:309-312. [PMID: 31298650 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Moore AR, Leavell SE, Conrado FO, Beatty SSK, MacNeill AL. Cytologic features and staining characteristics of Gamna-Gandy bodies from seven canine fine-needle aspirate preparations. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:920-925. [PMID: 28803525 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717727035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamna-Gandy (GG) bodies are non-infectious, hyphal-like structures associated with siderotic nodules in lymphoid tissue; GG bodies are very rarely reported in veterinary cytologic samples. Cytologically, GG bodies can be misidentified as hyphae or plant material. Seven canine lymphoid tissue aspiration cases that contained GG bodies were investigated for morphologic variability and staining characteristics. Available archived cytology slides containing GG bodies were stained with reagents known to show positive results (Prussian blue, Alizarin red S, Von Kossa) and negative results (Gomori methenamine silver) in histologic samples. Calcofluor white staining was also performed. GG bodies in Wright-Giemsa-stained cytology samples displayed considerable variability but were generally 2-5 µm diameter, 10-35 µm long, refractile, clear, pale-tan or pale-yellow, wavy or straight, tubular structures. Six cases allowed for cytochemical staining; staining properties were similar to histology samples. The bodies did not stain with calcofluor white; this stain may be helpful in distinguishing GG bodes from fungal hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Moore, Leavell, MacNeill).,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Conrado, Beatty)
| | - Sarah E Leavell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Moore, Leavell, MacNeill).,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Conrado, Beatty)
| | - Francisco O Conrado
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Moore, Leavell, MacNeill).,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Conrado, Beatty)
| | - Sarah S K Beatty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Moore, Leavell, MacNeill).,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Conrado, Beatty)
| | - Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Moore, Leavell, MacNeill).,Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Conrado, Beatty)
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