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Khokhar S, Holden J, Toomer C, Del Parigi A. Weight Loss with an AI-Powered Digital Platform for Lifestyle Intervention. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1810-1818. [PMID: 38573389 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle intervention remains the cornerstone of weight loss programs in addition to pharmacological or surgical therapies. Artificial intelligence (AI) and other digital technologies can offer individualized approaches to lifestyle intervention to enable people with obesity to reach successful weight loss. METHODS SureMediks, a digital lifestyle intervention platform using AI, was tested by 391 participants (58% women) with a broad range of BMI (20-78 kg/m2), with the aim of losing weight over 24 weeks in a multinational field trial. SureMediks consists of a mobile app, an Internet-connected scale, and a discipline of artificial intelligence called Expert system to provide individualized guidance and weight-loss management. RESULTS All participants lost body weight (average 14%, range 4-22%). Almost all (98.7%) participants lost at least 5% of body weight, 75% lost at least 10%, 43% at least 15%, and 9% at least 20%, suggesting that this AI-powered lifestyle intervention was also effective in reducing the burden of obesity co-morbidities. Weight loss was partially positively correlated with female sex, accountability circle size, and participation in challenges, while it was negatively correlated with sub-goal reassignment. The latter three variables are specific features of the SureMediks weight loss program. CONCLUSION An AI-assisted lifestyle intervention allowed people with different body sizes to lose 14% body weight on average, with 99% of them losing more than 5%, over 24 weeks. These results show that digital technologies and AI might provide a successful means to lose weight, before, during, and after pharmacological or surgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Holden
- Rockford-College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, 6110, USA
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Khokhar S, Sindhu N, Mirdha BR. Retraction Note: Comparison of Topical 0.3% Ofloxacin to Fortified Tobramycin - Cefazolin in the Therapy of Bacterial Keratitis. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02212-1. [PMID: 38363453 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND-110029, India.
| | - N Sindhu
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND-110029, India
| | - B R Mirdha
- Dept. of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND-110029, India
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Patel A, Khokhar S, Mumtaz S, Liggins S. Osteoblastoma of the mandible: case report of a rare locally aggressive tumour. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patel A, Khokhar S, Ali A, Liggins S. A case report: presentation and management of a rare massive dentigerous cyst. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khokhar S, Pillay G, Sen S, Agarwal E. Clinical spectrum and surgical outcomes in spherophakia: a prospective interventional study. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:527-536. [PMID: 29099498 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo study the varied clinical presentations of patients with spherophakia, their management using surgical methods, and the clinical outcomes.Patients and methodsA prospective interventional study of 13 patients of spherophakia who presented to us from January 2014 and were followed up over the course of their treatment, and the data were documented for analysis.ResultsIn all, 26 eyes of 13 patients were reviewed and the median age of presentation was 12±12.05 years. All patients had a bilateral presentation with 22 eyes having lenticular myopia with a mean refractive error of -11.5±12.945 DS. Ten eyes presented with glaucoma of which six had raised intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mm Hg. A total of 23 eyes underwent lens extraction for dislocation/subluxation. Lens extraction helped lower overall IOP. Refractive rehabilitation was done with ACIOL, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) with capsular tension ring, and scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) in respective cases with ACIOLs being the most commonly used option.ConclusionsSpherophakia is a rare condition, which exhibits a varying degree of lenticular myopia, glaucoma, and subluxation of the crystalline lens. Lensectomy with proper rehabilitation using ACIOL, PCIOL, or SFIOL is a method of managing subluxation and unacceptable myopia. Lensectomy may also be a viable option of controlling glaucoma alongside medications and glaucoma surgery for the management of glaucoma in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G Pillay
- Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sen
- Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - E Agarwal
- Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Khokhar S, Aron N, Yadav N, Pillay G, Agarwal E. Modified technique of endocapsular lens aspiration for severely subluxated lenses. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:128-135. [PMID: 28799565 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeSeverely subluxated crystalline lenses pose a difficult situation to anterior segment surgeons and can only be managed surgically by removal of the lens as well as the capsular bag. Several techniques have been described in literature for the management of such cases. We describe a modified technique of endocapsular lens aspiration by the limbal route for lens extraction through small incisions on the cornea.Patients and methodsThirty-two eyes of 16 consecutive patients with severely subluxated crystalline lenses were recruited in the study. All eyes underwent a modified technique of lens aspiration within the capsular bag using a single instrument, vitrectomy cutter, and irrigation cannula, followed by sacrificing of the capsular bag. The patients were either left aphakic or implanted with an open loop anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL Kelman Multiflex) and prospectively followed up for a period of 3 months.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 9 years 3 months±3 years (range 5-15 yrs). All eyes underwent complete lens aspiration within the capsular bag with no dislocation of the lens matter. ACIOL was inserted in 22 eyes (68.7%) and 10 eyes (31.2%) were left aphakic. All the surgeries were uneventful. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 3 months post surgery was 0.47±0.11 logMAR which was significantly better than pre-operative BCVA (P=0.001). The percentage endothelial cell loss at 3 months was 7.1%. There was no evidence of glaucoma, corneal decompensation, or retinal detachment. The astigmatism which increased from 1.45D±086 preoperatively to 3.76D±2.02 1 week post-operatively due to sutures reduced to 1.97D±0.81 post suture removal at 3 months.ConclusionThe modified technique of endocapsular lens aspiration proves to be a simple and effective method of removal of the lens-capsular bag complex in severely subluxated lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Aron
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Yadav
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G Pillay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - E Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Garduño-Diaz S, Khokhar S. Eating habits and nutrient intake of migrant South Asians in the UK. Public Health 2014; 128:1043-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Garduño-Diaz SD, Husain W, Ashkanani F, Khokhar S. Meeting challenges related to the dietary assessment of ethnic minority populations. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:358-66. [PMID: 24033680 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants from the Indian subcontinent comprise the largest minority group in the UK. With the process of migration come alterations in lifestyle and eating habits. The present study aimed to disseminate the valuable information, experiences and challenges faced by researchers who conduct studies with ethnic minority groups in the area of diet and nutritional surveys, with an emphasis on migrant South Asians. METHODS The findings reported are the result of research carried out during 2008-2012, involving 1100 face-to-face dietary recalls conducted in the UK among South Asian children (aged 1.5-11 years; n = 300) and adults (≥30 years; n = 100). RESULTS Factors to consider when planning and carrying out diet and nutrition survey studies among migrant South Asians were identified and include the employment of culture-specific tools, visual aid reinforcement and the involvement of key community members and translators to facilitate recruitment and data collection. One of the best practices found when working with minority groups was the use of incentives and tangible benefits to reward study participants. It was also found that constant communication and follow-up of the study participants improved the quality of the data and the likelihood of maintaining links with community members for future studies. CONCLUSIONS From the results of in-house studies and a revision of practices reported in earlier literature, two 24-h face-to-face dietary recalls are recommended as the optimal method for the dietary assessment of migrant South Asians. To complement this assessment, ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaires such as that developed and successfully implemented among South Asians in the present study must be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Garduño-Diaz
- Department of General Education, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
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Khokhar S, Haussmann R, Teske A, Sutor D, Larionov A, Schumacher B, Dahm M. Improved results in the treatment of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and extremely reduced LV-function (EF ≤20%) using a standardized perioperative protocol with the use of levosimendan. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Khokhar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Leeds; Leeds; UK
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Marletta L, Camilli E, Turrini A, Scardella P, Spada R, Piombo L, Khokhar S, Finglas P, Carnovale E. The nutritional composition of selected ethnic foods consumed in Italy. NUTR BULL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2010.01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khokhar S, Gilbert P, Moyle C, Carnovale E, Shahar D, Ngo J, Saxholt E, Ireland J, Jansen-van der Vliet M, Bellemans M. Harmonised procedures for producing new data on the nutritional composition of ethnic foods. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar A, Wadhwa S, Acharya P, Seth S, Khokhar S, Singh RV, Bali K, Rawall S, Singhania S, Singh N. Benign joint hypermobility syndrome: a hospital-based study from northern India. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to determine the rate and patterns of malignancy in patients with extrapulmonary cancers and non-calcified pulmonary nodules, and to develop a statistical model to guide clinicians regarding choice of patients for diagnostic biopsy. METHOD The medical records of 151 patients evaluated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between January 1999 and December 2001 for non-calcified pulmonary nodules were reviewed. Nodules were considered malignant based on the results of a diagnostic biopsy, and were considered benign if their appearance remained stable 2 years after the initial study, if they resolved, or if a biopsy showed a non-malignant condition. RESULTS Sixty four of 151 patients (42%) were diagnosed with malignant nodules; 32 had newly diagnosed lung cancers, 28 had metastatic spread of their primary cancers, and four had lesions that were either new cancers or of undetermined aetiology. On univariate analysis the likelihood of malignancy increased with nodule size, tobacco exposure, and the finding of a solitary nodule. On multivariable analysis only nodule size and tobacco exposure were predictive of malignancy. The model had good predictive accuracy (area under the curve 0.751) but had insufficient discrimination for use as a clinical tool to determine which patients should undergo diagnostic biopsy. CONCLUSION Nearly half the non-calcified pulmonary nodules identified in this series were malignant. Lung cancer was more common than metastatic disease. These findings support the need for close interval follow up and a low threshold for diagnostic biopsy in patients with extrapulmonary cancers and non-calcified pulmonary nodules. In smokers, such lesions should raise concern for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Avan BI, Raza SA, Khokhar S, Awan F, Sohail N, Rashid S, Hamza H. Residents' perceptions of work environment during their postgraduate medical training in Pakistan. J Postgrad Med 2006; 52:11-6; discussion 17-8. [PMID: 16534158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Pakistan, there is a lack of information about the work environment of residency programs. This lack is a major impediment in their improvement. One of the approaches for improvement in these programs can be directed through the residents' own perception of their working conditions. Therefore, we collected data which would reflect working conditions of residents. AIM To assess the perceived status of "work environment" in different specialities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four teaching hospitals of Karachi from July 1999 to January 2000. Residents from selected programs were grouped into four broad groups: specialist, medical, surgical and multidisciplinary. Responses of residents were obtained on a Likert scale of 0 to 4. Indices were formed for two components of work environment: academic and mistreatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Differences between residents' groups were assessed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance. RESULTS A total of 341 registered residents responded (response rate: 75%). Surgical residents were working more than 80 h/week and this was more than the other three groups. Medical residents were spending the highest actual time on research and teaching activities (10% and 14%, respectively). Academic index score was highest for surgical group (15.81, SD = 4.69) and lowest for multidisciplinary group (11.82, SD = 4.80). Medical group had the highest perceived mistreatment index score (5.56, SD = 4.57). CONCLUSIONS In a study of work environment of residency programs, differential impact was found for the four groups on work environment perceptions. Most of the residents recognized undergraduate teaching, grand rounds, patient rounds and seminars or workshops as contributing to their academic learning. Reporting of sexual harassment was low, indicating either underreporting or cultural dynamics of our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Avan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan Universiy, Karachi, Pakistan
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Anand A, Negi S, Khokhar S, Kumar H, Gupta SK, Murthy GVS, Sharma TK. Role of early trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma in the developing world. Eye (Lond) 2005; 21:40-5. [PMID: 16200053 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of prospective data comparing early surgery and medical management in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the developing world led us to conduct a small randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate acceptance and effectiveness of early trabeculectomy in these patients. METHODS A total of 60 patients with moderately advanced POAG were randomised into three groups (Group I-Conventional medical management, Group II-Option for early trabeculectomy, Group III-Received an educational package about their disease before an option for early trabeculectomy). The patients were followed up for a period of 6 months for visual acuity, intraocular pressures (IOP), and subjective satisfaction. RESULTS The three study groups were statistically similar with respect to mean IOP, demographic, and socio-economic profile. 35% of the patients accepted early surgery when offered a choice between early surgery and medical management in one of the groups. 65% of patients in another group expressed willingness for an early surgery after receiving health education on glaucoma. The mean IOP in the operated eyes was lower than the medically treated eyes at 2 weeks (16.6 vs 23.0 mmHg), 6 months (18.5 vs 22.8 mmHg), and 1-year review (17.9 vs 22.3 mmHg) (P<0.001). No significant difference was seen among the groups with regard to visual acuity and subjective satisfaction. CONCLUSION There is a reasonable acceptance of early surgery in POAG patients in the developing world and increases on educating patients about their disease. Early surgery offers better IOP control with no long-term subjective adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand
- Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Avan BI, Raza SA, Hamza H, Khokhar S, Awan F. Factors influencing the selection of surgical specialty among Pakistani medical graduates. J Postgrad Med 2003; 49:197-200; discussion 201. [PMID: 14597779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The delineation between selection of surgery and non-surgery residency programmes could provide a pragmatic view of the influences on medical graduates' careers. This would also help coordinators and educators of residency programmes in surgery to further understand the dynamics of specialty selection. AIMS To identify the different factors that influence the graduates to select surgical specialties in Pakistan. SETTINGS AND DESIGNS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4 teaching hospitals of Karachi between July 1999 and January 2001. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 455 residents in 1-5 years of residency programmes were contacted. Three hundred and forty-one residents consented to the interview. Residents who were registered both with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) and the Post Graduate Medical Education (PGME) office of the selected hospitals were included in this study. STATISTICAL METHOD USED: Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Final multivariate analysis identified 4 factors that remained significantly associated with the selection of surgical specialty: deriving gratification from direct patient care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24, 26.99), procedure-based medical practice (aOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.23, 6.61), nature of clinical problems (aOR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.84), and lack of consideration of stress during professional work (aOR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.25, 4.13). CONCLUSIONS Direct patient care is perceived to be an integral part of surgery residency and immediate patient outcome is a positive influence in selecting surgical specialty. The inclination towards surgery appeared to be determined by the type of procedures and technical skills involved in its practice. The nature of clinical problems is an important determinant of the choice of specialty. Stress was not perceived to be an important influencing factor for those who decided to select surgical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Avan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Imeh U, Khokhar S. Distribution of conjugated and free phenols in fruits: antioxidant activity and cultivar variations. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:6301-6306. [PMID: 12381107 DOI: 10.1021/jf020342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Total and free phenolic contents of 16 commonly consumed fruits (comprising 9 apples, 4 pears, and one each of peach, plum, and kiwi fruit cultivars) were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Total phenol contents varied from 272 to 475 mg of CtE/100 g of fresh weight. Of the apple cultivars studied, Braeburn and Empire had the highest and lowest total phenol content, respectively. The apple cultivars ranked in the following decreasing order: Braeburn > Red Delicious > Crisp Pink > Granny Smith > Royal Gala > Bramley > Golden Delicious > Fuji > Empire. Among pear cultivars, the order was Forelle > Taylor's > Peckham's > Conference. Peach and plum equally had high contents. The percentage of conjugated phenolics ranged between 3 (Red Delicious) and 77% (Empire) of the total phenols. Comparison of different cultivars of the same fruit and between different fruits showed broad variations in both phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity; a weak correlation (R(2) = 0.58) was observed between the phenolic content of the fruits and the total antioxidant activity, as estimated by the FRAP assay. The calculated dietary intake of total, free, and conjugated phenols from average per capita consumption of apples and pears in different regions of the U.K. varied between 104-126, 53-64, and 51-62 mg of CtE/day, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Imeh
- Procter Department of Food Science, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Apenten R, Khokhar S, Galani D. Stability parameters for β-lactoglobulin thermal dissociation and unfolding in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. Food Hydrocoll 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-005x(01)00067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khokhar S, Magnusdottir SGM. Total phenol, catechin, and caffeine contents of teas commonly consumed in the United kingdom. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:565-70. [PMID: 11804530 DOI: 10.1021/jf010153l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Levels of total phenol, catechins, and caffeine in teas commonly consumed in the United Kingdom have been determined using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Tea bags or tea leaves were purchased from local supermarkets and extracted in boiling water for 5 min. The resulting data showed considerable variability in both total phenols [80.5-134.9 mg/g of dry matter (DM) in black teas and 87-106.2 mg/g of DM in green teas] and catechins (5.6-47.5, 51.5-84.3, and 8.5-13.9 mg/g of DM in black, green, and fruit teas, respectively); this was most probably a result of differing agronomic conditions, leaf age, and storage during and after transport, as well as the degree of fermentation. Caffeine contents of black teas (22-28 mg/g of DM) were significantly higher than in less fermented green teas (11-20 mg/g of DM). The relative concentration of the five major tea catechins ranked EGCG > ECG > EC > EGC > C. The estimated U.K. dietary intakes of total tea catechins, calculated on the basis of an average tea consumption of three cups of tea (200 mL cup, 1% tea leaves w/v), were 61.5, 92.7, and 405.5 mg/day from fruit teas, black teas, and green teas, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 19.4, 88.6, and 17.3%, respectively, indicating the wide variation in these intakes. The calculated caffeine intake ranged between 92 and 146 mg/day. In addition, many individuals will consume much larger quantities of tea, of various strengths (as determined by the brewing conditions employed). This broad spread of U.K. daily intakes further emphasizes the need for additional research to relate intake and effect in various population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Procter Department of Food Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Khokhar S, Sethi HS, Sudan R. Stabilisation of refractive power after penetrating keratoplasty. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79:634-5. [PMID: 11782231 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.790615a.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mahindrakar A, Tandon R, Menon V, Sharma P, Khokhar S. Effectiveness of mitomycin C in reducing reformation of adhesions following surgery for restrictive strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2001; 38:131-5; quiz 172-3. [PMID: 11386644 DOI: 10.3928/0191-3913-20010501-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing reformation of adhesions following surgery for restrictive strabismus. METHODS Sixteen patients with restrictive strabismus resulting from trauma, retinal detachment surgery, and multiple squint surgeries were randomized to either a mitomycin group (8 patients) or a control group (8 patients). Mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL) was applied intraoperatively for 5 minutes after release of adhesions. Range of passive ductions was scored for comparison. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3-18 months. RESULTS Compared to controls, the mitomycin C group had better range of passive ductions. There were no complications related to the cornea, intraocular pressure, uveitis, or muscle disinsertion in the mitomycin C group. CONCLUSION Intraoperative application of mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL for 5 minutes) is a safe and effective adjunct to surgery in the treatment of restrictive strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahindrakar
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we compared topical ofloxacin with a combination of fortified tobramycin sulphate and cefazolin sodium solutions in the treatment of culture-proved bacterial keratitis. METHODS 30 eyes of culture-proved bacterial corneal ulcers of moderate severity were included in a prospective randomized, controlled, double-masked study for comparison. The cases were randomly allocated to treatment with 0.3% ofloxacin solution (Group I) and combination of fortified antibiotics (1.5% tobramycin and 5% cefazolin solutions--Group II as control) along with supportive cycloplegic, vitamins and antiglaucoma therapy. Time for healing of ulcer and subjective symptoms were main outcome measures. Student's t-test was used to compare the results. RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the two most common organisms isolated. Resolution of the ulcer was achieved in 93% and 87% in the treated and the control group, respectively. The mean duration of symptomatic relief was 7.8 +/- 1.54 days in the treated group and 8.33 +/- 1.44 days in the control group; for epithelial healing it was 15.0 +/- 3.86 days in the treated group and 15.46 +/- 3.86 days in the control group. Post resolution the best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or better was achieved in all but one eye each in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both ofloxacin 0.3% and combined fortified tobramycin 1.5% and cefazolin 5% topical drops were comparable for treating cases of bacterial corneal ulcer of moderate severity. However, considering the easy availability and cost effectiveness of ofloxacin, a monotherapy with ofloxacin may be preferred over the combined, fortified tobramycin and cefazolin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Abstract
Cysticercosis of the optic nerve has been reported only twice in the literature. A case of optic nerve cysticercosis in a 50-year-old woman with atypical optic neuritis is reported. Computerized tomography showed a thickened left optic nerve with a ring-enhancing lesion containing an eccentric nodule. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for cysticercosis further established the diagnosis. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone and albendazole, with no improvement in vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Menon
- R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sindhu N, Khokhar S. Yet to surface problems of corneal refractive surgery. Natl Med J India 2000; 13:48-9. [PMID: 10743381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the cyclofusional status in normal and acquired superior oblique palsy subjects. To know the extent to which cyclodeviations can be tolerated asymptomatically. METHOD Incyclovergence and excyclovergence break points and recovery points were evaluated in 40 normal subjects and 17 cases of acquired superior oblique palsy. A Polaroid dissociation stereoprojector was used with special torsional slides at fixation distances of 1 meter and 6 meters. In addition, maximum intorsion tolerated (MIT) and maximum extorsion tolerated (MET), ie, the torsion that allowed baseline horizontal fusion, were studied. The evaluation was repeated in the palsy group 1 month after recovery, which was spontaneous in 8 cases, and after surgery in 9 cases. RESULT The normal values for incyclovergence and excyclovergence were in the range of 12 degrees (break point) and 8 degrees (recovery point). In the case of superior oblique palsy, only the incyclovergence recovery point was significantly diminished (p=.004), which improved after recovery to near normal values. The intorsion tolerance (MIT) and extorsion tolerance (MET) also showed deterioration in the palsy group. After recovery, the MIT normalized but the MET did not recover at 1-meter distance fixation. The maximum torsional tolerance values appear to be more critical. CONCLUSION The cyclofusional vergence under physiological conditions are better than reported earlier. But MIT and MET are better indicators of cyclofusional potential. These low values demand more precise alignment of the torsion in weakening or strengthening surgery of the oblique muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Dekker M, Verkerk R, van der Sluis A, Khokhar S, Jongen W. Analysing the Antioxidant Activity of Food Products: Processing and Matrix Effects. Toxicol In Vitro 1999; 13:797-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(99)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate two superior oblique weakening procedures, silicon expander (SE), and translational recession (TR), and their effects on correction of "A" pattern, vertical deviation in adduction and dorsoadduction, superior oblique overaction, and torsion. METHOD In a prospective, institution-based study, 32 eyes of 16 patients having bilateral superior oblique overaction with significant "A" pattern (>10 prism diopters [delta]) were evaluated. The parameters studied were: change in "A" pattern; effect on vertical deviation in adduction and dorsoadduction; superior oblique overaction; and torsion. 95% reduction in "A" pattern with SE and 92% reduction with TR, indicating equal effect in collapse of "A" phenomenon (p=0.78). The extorsion produced by TR was more than that produced by SE (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both the SE and TR procedures offered controlled weakening of the superior oblique and caused a 95% and 92% reduction in the "A" pattern. The latter procedure caused a marked extorsional change, three times that which resulted from SE. Both the procedures leave residual superior oblique overaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Khokhar S, Dhingra N. Anterior dislocation of foldable silicone lens. Indian J Ophthalmol 1998; 46:252-3. [PMID: 10218311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
An HPLC method with gradient elution for the quantification of catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechingallate (EGCg) and (-)-epicatechingallate (ECg)) in tea was developed. The method was used to determine catechins in black tea, green tea and oolong tea. Sample preparation was simple because only filtration and adjustment of pH was required. The levels of catechins in different teas varied between <5 and 287 (EGC), 17 and 94 (EC), 18 and 408 (EGCg), and 8 and 85 mg/l (ECg). (+)-Catechin was not present in any of these teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khokhar
- DLO-State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT-DLO), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Panda A, Das GK, Khokhar S, Rao V. Efficacy of four antiviral agents in the treatment of uncomplicated herpetic keratitis. Can J Ophthalmol 1995; 30:256-8. [PMID: 8529160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of four antiviral agents--1% idoxuridine ointment (group 1), 2% trifluorothymidine ointment (group 2), 3% acyclovir ointment (group 3) and 1% bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU) ointment (group 4)--in herpes simplex keratitis. DESIGN Randomized double-blinded clinical trial. SETTING Tertiary care institution in New Delhi. PATIENTS Eighty patients with uncomplicated herpes simplex keratitis of recent onset who had not previously received antiviral treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cure rate, frequency and severity of side effects. RESULTS Cure rates of 60%, 90%, 90% and 95% were obtained in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The average healing time was 13.4, 8.9, 8.5 and 7.5 days respectively. Side effects (follicular conjunctivitis, epithelial keratopathy and stinging) were more frequent in group 1 than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS BVDU has a more pronounced therapeutic effect than idoxuridine, trifluorothymidine and acyclovir in uncomplicated epithelial herpetic disease of recent onset that has not previously been treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panda
- Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Panda A, Khokhar S, Rao V, Das GK, Sharma N. Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in nonhealing corneal ulcer. Ophthalmic Surg 1995; 26:325-9. [PMID: 8532284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Results of penetrating keratoplasty in 443 eyes of 439 patients of active infective corneal ulcers, from a period of 10 years, were analyzed. All these eyes were proven refractory to maximal medical therapy for extended periods of time, in some cases more than 6 weeks. As the surgery was performed during the active stage, the outcome was not favorable functionally. Clinical cure was obtained, however, by therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in all but 27 of these eyes. Of unsuccessful cases, 16 could be saved with additional medical therapy, two led to phthisis bulbi, and nine required repeat therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. Complications encountered included disturbances in intraocular dynamics such as extrusion of the lens and vitreous during surgery, secondary rise of intraocular pressure leading to damage of the optic nerve, loss of the eye due to above factors, and reinfection. The anatomical success achieved was 97% with graft clarity of 2+ or more in 39% of eyes. Useful vision, ie, better than or equal to 6/60, was possible in 33% of eyes. Thus, therapeutic keratoplasty in refractory corneal ulcer still has scope in a Third-World country.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panda
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Menon V, Khokhar S, Tandon R. Reverse Parinaud's syndrome due to pineal tumour. Indian J Ophthalmol 1995; 43:31-2. [PMID: 8522369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Menon
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
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