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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Vongsangnak W, Laoteng K. Efficient de novo production of bioactive cordycepin by Aspergillus oryzae using a food-grade expression platform. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:253. [PMID: 38071331 PMCID: PMC10710699 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is an important bioactive compound in medical and healthcare markets. The drawbacks of commercial cordycepin production using Cordyceps spp. include long cultivation periods and low cordycepin yields. To overcome these limitations and meet the increasing market demand, the efficient production of cordycepin by the GRAS-status Aspergillus oryzae strain using a synthetic biology approach was developed in this study. RESULTS An engineered strain of A. oryzae capable of cordycepin production was successfully constructed by overexpressing two metabolic genes (cns1 and cns2) involved in cordycepin biosynthesis under the control of constitutive promoters. Investigation of the flexibility of carbon utilization for cordycepin production by the engineered A. oryzae strain revealed that it was able to utilize C6-, C5-, and C12-sugars as carbon sources, with glucose being the best carbon source for cordycepin production. High cordycepin productivity (564.64 ± 9.59 mg/L/d) was acquired by optimizing the submerged fermentation conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a powerful production platform for bioactive cordycepin production by A. oryzae using a synthetic biology approach. An efficient and cost-effective fermentation process for cordycepin production using an engineered strain was established, offering a powerful alternative source for further upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jeennor
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Jutamas Anantayanon
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Rattanaphan N, Laoteng K. Potential of Aspergillus oryzae as a biosynthetic platform for indigoidine, a non-ribosomal peptide pigment with antioxidant activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270359. [PMID: 35737654 PMCID: PMC9223385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for natural pigments in the industrial sector is a significant driving force in the development of production processes. The production of natural blue pigments, which have wide industrial applications, using microbial systems has been gaining significant attention. In this study, we used Aspergillus oryzae as a platform cell factory to produce the blue pigment indigoidine (InK), by genetic manipulation of its non-ribosomal peptide synthetase system to overexpress the indigoidine synthetase gene (AoinK). Phenotypic analysis showed that InK production from the engineered strain was growth associated, owing to the constitutive control of gene expression. Furthermore, the initial pH, temperature, and glutamine and MgSO4 concentrations were key factors affecting InK production by the engineered strain. The pigment secretion was enhanced by addition of 1% Tween 80 solution to the culture medium. The maximum titer of total InK was 1409.22 ± 95.33 mg/L, and the maximum productivity was 265.09 ± 14.74 mg/L·d. Moreover, the recombinant InK produced by the engineered strain exhibited antioxidant activity. These results indicate that A. oryzae has the potential to be used as a fungal platform for overproduction of extracellular non-ribosomal peptide pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group (IFIG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group (IFIG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Sukanya Jeennor
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group (IFIG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Anantayanon
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group (IFIG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nakul Rattanaphan
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group (IFIG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group (IFIG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Chutrakul C, Panchanawaporn S, Laoteng K. Novel pentose-regulated promoter of Aspergillus oryzae with application in controlling heterologous gene expression. Biotechnology Reports 2022; 33:e00695. [PMID: 35004236 PMCID: PMC8718821 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel pentose-regulated promoter (PxyrA) identified from Aspergillus oryzae Xylose reductase promoter displayed strong regulation in gene expression of A. oryzae Inducible regulation in heterologous gene expressions in filamentous fungi Simultaneous gene expression and product optimization under PxyrA control
The potent promoter and its transcriptional control make a significant contribution to strain optimization. Using transcriptome-based approach, a novel pentose-regulated promoter of the xylose reductase gene (PxyrA) of Aspergillus oryzae was identified. The promoter analysis showed that the PxyrA was tightly regulated by pentose sugars, which xylose and xylan were favorable inducers. The PxyrA function was highly efficient as compared with the maltose-inducible promoters of A. oryzae. It also exhibited the efficient transcription induction even though certain amounts of glucose and sucrose existed in the cultures. The expression control of PxyrA was dependent on xylose consumption capacity for fungal growth. The control mode of PxyrA offers a simple operation in simultaneous gene expression and cultivation optimization in Aspergilli. This study provides a prospective development of fungal production platform using cellulosic sugars by the xylose-utilizing strains for sustainable growing in circular economy.
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Anantayanon J, Jeennor S, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Significance of two intracellular triacylglycerol lipases of Aspergillus oryzae in lipid mobilization: A perspective in industrial implication for microbial lipid production. Gene 2021; 793:145745. [PMID: 34077774 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production of oleaginous strains involves in a complex cellular metabolism controlling lipid biosynthesis, accumulation and degradation. Particular storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG), contributes to dynamic traits of intracellular lipids and cell growth. To explore a basis of TAG degradation in the oleaginous strain of Aspergillus oryzae, the functional role of two intracellular triacylglycerol lipases, AoTgla and AoTglb, were investigated by targeted gene disruption using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Comparative lipid profiling of different cultivation stages between the control, single and double disruptant strains (ΔAotgla, ΔAotglb and ΔAotglaΔAotglb strains) showed that the inactivation of either AoTgla or AoTglb led to the increase of total lipid contents, particularly in the TAG fraction. Moreover, the prolonged lipid-accumulating stage of all disruptant strains was obtained as indicated by a reduction in specific rate of lipid turnover, in which a holding capacity in maximal lipid and TAG levels was achieved. The involvement of AoTgls in spore production of A. oryzae was also discovered. In addition to the significance in lipid physiology of the oleaginous fungi, this study provides an impact on industrial practice by overcoming the limitation in short lipid-accumulating stage of the fungal strain, which facilitate the cell harvesting step at the maximum lipid production yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Anantayanon
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Jeennor
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Chutrakul C, Panchanawaporn S, Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Vorapreeda T, Vichai V, Laoteng K. Functional Characterization of Novel U6 RNA Polymerase III Promoters: Their Implication for CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Aspergillus oryzae. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1443-1451. [PMID: 31541261 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
U6 RNA polymerase III promoter (PU6), which is a key element in controlling the generation of single-guide RNA (sgRNA) for gene editing through CRISPR-Cas9 system, was investigated in this work. Using bioinformatics approach, two novel U6 ribonucleic acid (U6 RNA) sequences of Aspergillus niger were identified, showing that they had conserved motifs similar to other U6 RNAs. The putative PU6 located at the upstream sequence of A. niger U6 RNA exhibited the consensus motif, CCAATYA, and the TATA box which shared highly conserved characteristics across Aspergilli, whereas the A- and B-boxes were found at the intragenic and downstream of the structural genes, respectively. Using Aspergillus oryzae as a workhorse system, the function of A. niger PU6s for controlling the transcripts of sgRNA was verified, in which the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrG) sequence was used as a target for gene disruption through CRISPR-Cas9 system. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of the selected pyrG auxotrophic strains showed the expression of sgRNA, indicating that the non-native promoters could efficiently drive sgRNA expression in A. oryzae. These identified promoters are useful genetic tools for precise engineering of metabolic pathways in the industrially important fungus through the empowered CRISPR-Cas9-associated gene-editing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanikul Chutrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Jeennor
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Anantayanon
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Tayvich Vorapreeda
- Biochemical Engineering and Systems Biology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) At King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Vanicha Vichai
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Morphologically engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae as a cell chassis for production development of functional lipids. Gene 2019; 718:144073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Khoomrung S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Reengineering lipid biosynthetic pathways of Aspergillus oryzae for enhanced production of γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. Gene 2019; 706:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jeennor S, Veerana M, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 of Mortierella alpina with specificity on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: A potential tool for reconstituting lipids with nutritional value. J Biotechnol 2017; 263:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chutrakul C, Jeennor S, Panchanawaporn S, Cheawchanlertfa P, Suttiwattanakul S, Veerana M, Laoteng K. Metabolic engineering of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in oleaginous fungus for dihomo-gamma linolenic acid production. J Biotechnol 2016; 218:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jeennor S, Cheawchanlertfa P, Suttiwattanakul S, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. The codon-optimized Δ(6)-desaturase gene of Pythium sp. as an empowering tool for engineering n3/n6 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:82. [PMID: 26369666 PMCID: PMC4570148 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ∆6-desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids, has potential in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Results The ∆6-desaturase gene has been isolated from a selected strain of Oomycetes, Pythium sp. BCC53698. The cloned gene (PyDes6) contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1401 bp encoding 466 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shared a high similarity to those of other ∆6-desaturases that contained the signature features of a membrane-bound ∆6-desaturase, including a cytochrome b5 and three histidine-rich motifs and membrane-spanning regions. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that monoene, diene and triene fatty acids having ∆9-double bond were substrates for PyDes6. No distinct preference between the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acyl substrates was found. The ∆6-desaturated products were markedly increased by codon optimization of PyDes6. Conclusion The codon-optimized ∆6-desaturase gene generated in this study is a promising tool for further reconstitution of the fatty acid profile, in a host system of choice, for the production of economically important fatty acids, particularly the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0200-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jeennor
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Suttiwattanakul
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Bioassay Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- Bioassay Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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Amnuaykanjanasin A, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Tanticharoen M. Genes differentially expressed under naphthoquinone-producing conditions in the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:680-92. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ant-pathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis BCC1869 produces six naphthoquinone (NQ) derivatives. These NQs can be found in fungal-infected ants or produced in culture. Also, the NQs have antibacterial, anticancer, and antimalarial activities and are red pigments with potential for use as natural colorants. Suppressive subtractive hybridization identified genes that were expressed under NQ–producing conditions but not under nonproducing conditions. On potato dextrose agar, the mycelia produced red pigments and secreted them into the medium and as droplets on top of the colony. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that the red pigment was predominantly erythrostominone with small amounts of its derivatives. For suppressive subtractive hybridization, the cDNA from O. unilateralis cultures on complete medium agar cultures (lacking NQs) were subtracted from those on potato dextrose agar (which produce and secrete NQs). Sixty-six unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and include five transporter genes, two transcriptional regulator genes, and several genes in secondary metabolism and biodegradation. The transporter genes include an ATP-binding cassette transporter gene OuAtr1 and a major facilitator superfamily transporter gene OuMfs1. Expression of selected ESTs was further validated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Gene expression result indicates that OuAtr1 and OuMfs1 were dramatically upregulated (136- and 29-fold increase, respectively) during the NQ–producing stage compared with the NQ–nonproducing stage. Upregulation of other genes was also detected. This EST collection represents the first group of genes identified from this potential biocontrol agent and includes candidate genes for production and secretion of the red NQs. Roles of these genes could be further determined using a functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Morakot Tanticharoen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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