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Murugaiyan SB, Ramasamy R, Nakkeeran M, Rangdhol V, Srinivasan AR, Niranjan G. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a marker of oxidative stress induced genetic toxicity in oral cancer patients. Indian J Dent Res 2017; 26:226-30. [PMID: 26275185 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.162880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently, non-communicable diseases have snatched the lead from infectious diseases in causing mortality. Of these, oral cancer accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Every year in India significant percentage of newly diagnosed malignancy is oral cancer attributed to various reasons. AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the extent of oxidative stress and its effect on modification of DNA by urinary nucleoside 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in oral cancer subjects. To see the relationship between the nucleoside 8-OHdG and antioxidant capacity ferric reducing ability plasma (FRAP) in oral cancer subjects. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Case-control study included three groups with 60 volunteers, who were divided into 30 controls, and equal number of clinically diagnosed oral cancer male patients: (Subdivided into newly diagnosed [n = 15] and 1-year treatment follow-up oral cancer subjects [n = 15]). MATERIALS AND METHODS A random urine sample was used for analysis of 8-OHdG concentration. Serum triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, protein thiols, and FRAP assay were performed by spectrophotometric technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed for group comparison and Pearson's correlation analysis were used. A P < 0.05 was considered the optimum level of significance. RESULTS The urinary 8-OHdG and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed oral cancer subjects in their 1-year treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between urinary 8-OHdG and FRAP in both groups of oral cancer subjects. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 8-OHdG can be a useful diagnostic marker of oxidative DNA damage in oral cancer subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India
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Gopal N, Rajagambeeram R, Venkatkumar S, Vijayan MV, Murugaiyan SB, Gopal SP, Ramsamy S, Alwar V. Association of Salivary Osteopontin Levels with Glycaemic Status and Microalbuminuria - in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:BC06-8. [PMID: 27656430 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20156.8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The monitoring of glycaemic status in patients with T2DM is mainly through blood tests (Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c), which are invasive and involves painful pricks. This leads to poor patient compliance and soon could lead to various micro and macro vascular complications, which hamper the quality of life. There are no sensitive and specific markers to predict these complications at the earliest. Sialochemistry has recently gained attention for monitoring chronic diseases. Osteopontin is a phospho-glycoprotein molecule, elevated in many inflammatory conditions. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of serum and salivary osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, we recruited 33 cases of T2DM and 31 age and gender matched healthy controls. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist/Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist Circumference (WC) and blood pressure was recorded. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), salivary glucose, HbA1c, microalbuminuria, systolic BP, serum and salivary osteopontin levels were estimated. RESULTS FPG, salivary glucose, HbA1c, microalbuminuria, systolic BP, BMI, waist / hip ratio serum and salivary osteopontin levels were significantly high in T2DM cases compared to control subjects. Serum and salivary osteopontin levels were significantly correlated with HbA1c and microalbuminuria in T2DM cases. CONCLUSION Serum and salivary osteopontin levels are significantly elevated in subjects with T2DM and are associated with glycaemic control and microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Gopal
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Reeta Rajagambeeram
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Shruthi Venkatkumar
- Student, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences (IGIDS) , SBV (NAAC 'A' Grade), Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
| | - Mohana Valli Vijayan
- Tutor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Sathish Babu Murugaiyan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Shyam Prakash Gopal
- Student, M Pharm in Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health sciences , Indira Nagar, Gorimedu, Puducherry, India
| | - Sathiya Ramsamy
- Tutor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Velayutharaj Alwar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Chennai Medical College , Hospital & Research Centre, Trichy- Tamil Nadu, India
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Lalitha V, Pal GK, Pal P, Parija SC, Murugaiyan SB. Gender Difference in the Role of Posterodorsal Amygdala on the Regulation of Food Intake, Adiposity and Immunological Responses in Albino Wistar Rats. Ann Neurosci 2016; 23:6-12. [PMID: 27536016 PMCID: PMC4934414 DOI: 10.1159/000443550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion of posterodorsal amygdala (PDA) has been known to produce hyperphagia and obesity in animal models. However, the influence of gender on food intake (FI), body weight (BW) and immunological parameters following PDA lesion is not yet known. The present work was carried out to study the effect of gender on the regulation of FI, BW and immunological parameters following lesions of PDA in albino Wistar rats. Twenty-four albino Wistar rats were divided equally into 2 groups - PDA group and control group - with 6 male and 6 female rats in each. In the experimental group, bilateral electrolytic lesion of the respective nuclei was performed by stereotaxy and post-lesion parameters were recorded. In the control group, sham lesion was made. Male-female difference in each parameter was determined. Following PDA lesion, FI increased significantly in both male (p < 0.001) and female rats (p < 0.01) but the percentage increase in FI was significantly more in female rats (p < 0.001). BW also increased in both the sexes but the increase in BW was significant only in male rats (p < 0.05). Both male and female rats showed increase in the concentration of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), but the significant increase in CD4 concentration (p < 0.01) was seen only in male rats. CD8 concentration increased significantly in male rats (p < 0.05). The liver weight-BW ratio was significantly greater in female rats (p < 0.001) following PDA lesions. Lesion of PDA results in accentuation of FI and BW gain and activation of immunity. There is a gender difference in the inhibitory control of PDA on FI, BW and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Lalitha
- Departments of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Gopal Krushna Pal
- Departments of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Pravati Pal
- Departments of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Subash Chandra Parija
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sathish Babu Murugaiyan
- Departments of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
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Rajagambeeram R, Abu Raghavan S, Ghosh S, Basu S, Ramasamy R, Murugaiyan SB. Diagnostic utility of heat stable alkaline phosphatase in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:CC10-3. [PMID: 25584211 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10895.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) complicate 3-10% of all pregnancies. Though there are several biochemical parameters which aid in predicting hypertension of pregnancy, human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), synthesized in placenta during pregnancy by placental syncytiotrophoblast, assumes diagnostic relevance. The purpose of this study was to compare the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and heat stable placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) levels in the serum of normotensive and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to evaluate the clinical utility of ALP and PLAP as a reliable, sensitive, specific and economical biochemical marker of HDP. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case control study, carried out on pregnant women with hypertension, of south Indian population. Study included pregnant women, 60 patients with hypertension and 60 controls. Biochemical assays were carried out by the IFCC approved procedures based on spectrophotometric method and using fully automated random access chemistry analyser. Data was compared by using student t-test. ROC was drawn to find out optimum cut off for ALP, PLAP and PLAP/ALP ratio in HDP. Pearson's correlation was performed to ascertain the association among markers. RESULTS Serum total ALP, PLAP and PLAP/ALP ratio levels were significantly higher in hypertensive pregnant women when compared to controls (p<0.05). There was significant correlation among ALP, PLAP and DBP. ROC analysis of ALP (169.5), PLAP (69) and PLAP/ALP (0.44) ratios showed optimum cut-offs in diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy. CONCLUSION Serum heat stable ALP isoenzyme and PLAP/ALP ratio could be useful adjuvant markers in diagnosis of HDP in association with other relevant and economically viable biochemical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rajagambeeram
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Abu Raghavan
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seethesh Ghosh
- Professor, Depratment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharbari Basu
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Ramasamy
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Babu Murugaiyan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute , Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Biosensors are small devices that employ biological/biochemical reactions for detecting target analytes. Basically, the device consists of a biocatalyst and a transducer. The biocatalyst may be a cell, tissue, enzyme or even an oligonucleotide. The transducers are mainly amperometric, potentiometric or optical. The classification of biosensors is based on (a) the nature of the recognition event or (b) the intimacy between the biocatalyst and the transducer. Bioaffinity and biocatalytic devices are examples for the former and the first, whereas second and third generation instruments are examples for the latter. Cell-based biosensors utilizing immobilized cells, tissues as also enzyme immunosensors and DNA biosensors find variegated uses in diagnostics. Enzyme nanoparticle-based biosensors make use of small particles in the nanometer scale and are currently making a mark in laboratory medicine. Nanotechnology can help in optimizing the diagnostic biochips, which would facilitate sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise bedside monitoring. Biosensors render themselves as capable diagnostic tools as they meet most of the above-mentioned criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Murugaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramesh Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - Niranjan Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - V Kuzhandaivelu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India
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Ramasamy R, Murugaiyan SB, Gopal N, Shalini R. The prospect of serum magnesium and an electrolyte panel as an adjuvant cardiac biomarker in the management of acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:817-20. [PMID: 23814718 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5524.2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease accounts 12.2% deaths worldwide. Serum magnesium (Mg+) status is often ignored in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). Studies showed alterations in the levels of serum electrolytes including magnesium in AMI. AIM To evaluate serum Mg+ and other electrolytes as adjuvant markers in the diagnosis of AMI. DESIGN AND SETTINGS Case control study was conducted in South Indian male population with AMI within six hours of onset of symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study includes sixty patients with AMI and 100 controls. Serum electrolytes were estimated using electrolyte analyzer. Data were compared by using student't' test. ROC was drawn to find out optimum cutoff for diagnosing AMI. Pearson's correlation was done to see the association among the markers. RESULTS Serum Ca, Mg, K and Na electrolytes were significantly lower ('p'<0.001) in AMI. Ca:Mg, K:Mg, and Na:K ratios were significantly higher when compared to controls ('p'<0.001). There was significant correlation of serum Mg levels with other cardiac markers (Total CK, CK-Mb, Troponin -T) of AMI ('p' <0.05).ROC analysis of Na:Mg (40.9), Ca:Mg (3.43) and K:Mg (2.74) ratios showed optimum cutoffs in diagnosis of AMI. CONCLUSION Serum Mg, Ca:mg, K:mg and Na:K ratios could be useful adjuvant markers in diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ramasamy
- Professor & Head, Department of Biochemistry, Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Pillayarkuppam Puducherry - 605 402, India
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Ramasamy R, Gopal N, Srinivasan AR, Murugaiyan SB. Planning an objective and need based curriculum: the logistics with reference to the undergraduate medical education in biochemistry. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:589-94. [PMID: 23634431 PMCID: PMC3616591 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/4970.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The medical education is recently being transformed into several domains in order to adapt to the need and the value based academics which is required for the quality doctors who serve the community. Presently, the biochemistry curricula for the graduate students of medicine have been questioned by as many experts, because of their multiple lacunae. In this review, we would like to highlight the scenario which is related to the existing biochemistry curricula for graduate medical students, which have been followed in several medical schools and universities and we also hope to share our ideas for implementing objective and pragmatic curricula. Evidence based research, wherein the articles which are related to innovative teaching-learning tools are collected and the pros and cons which are related to the different methods analyzed in biochemistry point of view. CONCLUSION Rapid changes in the content of the curriculum may not be required, but a gradual introduction of the novel approach and the methods of teaching biochemistry can be adopted into the curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sathish Babu Murugaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahathma Gandhi Medical Colloge and Research Institute–Pillayarkuppam Manapetpost Puducherry - 605 402, India
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