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Hara R, Machida S, Hashimoto N, Ogiya D, Kawai H, Kawakami S, Shiraiwa S, Onizuka M, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Impact of previous anthracycline therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving venetoclax. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:711-717. [PMID: 37728705 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Venetoclax (VEN) combination regimens are now recognized as effective against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognosis of patients who do not attain a composite complete response (cCR) is extremely poor, and clinical determinants of response remain unknown. Medical records of 57 patients with AML treated with VEN combination regimens from April 2021 to March 2022 at six institutions were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was cCR, complete remission, or complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery after one cycle of VEN combination regimen. Five patients had previously relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The treatment regimen was azacitidine-VEN in 48 patients (84%) and low-dose cytarabine-VEN in 9 patients (16%). Thirty patients (53%) achieved cCR after one cycle of a VEN regimen. In univariate analysis, the number of prior chemotherapy regimens, post-allo-SCT relapse, and cytogenetic risk category were associated with a decreased likelihood of achieving cCR. In multivariate analysis, second-line chemotherapy remained a significant predictor of response. Patients who received anthracycline immediately before the VEN regimen had a higher cCR rate than patients who did not receive anthracycline. In this study, prior chemotherapy/allo-SCT and cytogenetic risk were associated with VEN treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryujiro Hara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Ebina General Hospital, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Ozawa Hospital, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Machida
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Norisato Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kawai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawakami
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Ozawa Hospital, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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Onizuka M, Kikkawa E, Machida S, Toyosaki M, Suzuki R, Ogiya D, Aoyama Y, Amaki J, Harada K, Hara R, Shiraiwa S, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Association of CDKN2A/2B deletion with relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cell Ther 2023; 6:80-86. [PMID: 38146355 PMCID: PMC10749213 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2023-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The most important prognostic factor for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) is minimal residual disease (MRD). Previous studies have reported copy number variants of genes such as IKZF1, CDKN2A/2B, and PAX5. These gene mutations can be analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), which is less costly and easier to perform than large-scale gene mutation analyses. In this study, we performed copy number variant analysis of leukemia cells at the first onset of Ph+ALL in a case series of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using the MLPA method. We analyzed how it influenced allo-HSCT prognosis together with MRD information. CDKN2A/2B copy number variations significantly increased the rate of post-transplant recurrence (P=0.025) and significantly reduced disease-free survival (P=0.015). Additionally, patients with IKZF1 deletions had a significantly higher post-transplant recurrence rate (P=0.042). Although they were positive for pre-transplant MRD, no relapse was observed in patients with wild-type copy number variations in IKZF1 or CDKN2A/2B. CDKN2A/2B copy number variation is a crucial factor that can be confirmed at initial onset as a post-transplant prognostic factor of Ph+ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Kikkawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Machida
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masako Toyosaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Amaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaito Harada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Hara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Harada K, Onizuka M, Mori T, Shimizu H, Seo S, Aotsuka N, Takeda Y, Sekiya N, Kusuda M, Fujihara S, Shiraiwa S, Shono K, Shingai N, Kanamori H, Momoki M, Takada S, Mukae J, Masuda S, Mitani K, Sakaida E, Tomikawa T, Takahashi S, Usuki K, Kanda Y. Prognostic factors for the development of lower respiratory tract infection after influenza virus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: A KSGCT Multicenter Analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 131:79-86. [PMID: 37001798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Influenza virus infection (IVI) occasionally causes lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Although the progression to LRTI entails a high mortality, the role of early antiviral therapy for its prevention has not been fully elucidated. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective study using an additional questionnaire. Allo-HSCT recipients who developed IVI between 2012 and 2020 were included. RESULTS A total of 278 cases of IVI after allo-HSCT were identified from 15 institutions. The median patient age was 49 years, and the median time from allo-HSCT to IVI was 918 days. Neuraminidase inhibitors were administered within 48 hours of symptom onset (early neuraminidase inhibitor [NAI]) in 199 (76.9%) patients. Subsequently, 36 (12.3%) patients developed LRTI. On the multivariate analysis, age ≥50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-4.58) and moderate to severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.14-4.58) were significantly associated with progression to LRTI, whereas early NAI suppressed the progression (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.46). The IVI-related mortality rate was 2.2%. CONCLUSION To reduce the risk of LRTI development after IVI, early NAI therapy should be considered in allo-HSCT recipients, especially with older patients and those with chronic graft-versus-host disease.
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Ogiya D, Murayama N, Kamiya Y, Saito R, Shiraiwa S, Suzuki R, Machida S, Tazume K, Ando K, Yamazaki H. Low cerebrospinal fluid-to-plasma ratios of orally administered lenalidomide mediated by its low cell membrane permeability in patients with hematologic malignancies. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2013-2019. [PMID: 35732975 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lenalidomide is a synthetic analog of thalidomide formed by the removal of one keto group (plus the addition of an amino group); it has anti-tumor activities beneficial for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, lenalidomide distribution to brain in animal models is reportedly low compared with that of thalidomide. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of lenalidomide in three patients with malignant hematologic malignancies. Lenalidomide was detected in plasma from the three Japanese patients 1.5 h following oral administration of 20 mg lenalidomide using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, despite the in vitro gastrointestinal permeability of lenalidomide being low. Clinically observed cerebrospinal fluid-to-plasma ratios of lenalidomide were low (1.3-2.4%). Observed influx permeability values for lenalidomide in monkey blood-brain barrier model and human placental cell systems were one order of magnitude lower than those of thalidomide and another second-generation drug, pomalidomide along with a positive permeability control, caffeine. Because of the low cell-barrier permeability of lenalidomide demonstrated in in vitro assays, clinically relevant pharmacokinetic profiles of lenalidomide resulted in low penetrability from plasma into cerebrospinal fluid in patients with hematologic malignancies. Lenalidomide is conclusively suggested to expert its favorable immunomodulatory effects via systemic exposures in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, 345 Tanaka, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1187, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamiya
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Rie Saito
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Machida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kei Tazume
- Department of Hematology, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, 345 Tanaka, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1187, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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Shiraiwa S, Harada K, Onizuka M, Kawakami S, Hara R, Aoyama Y, Amaki J, Ogiya D, Suzuki R, Toyosaki M, Machida S, Omachi K, Kawada H, Ogawa Y, Ando K. Risk factors for lower respiratory tract disease and outcomes in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with influenza virus infection. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1279-1285. [PMID: 35691863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza virus infection (IVI) is frequent in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients, and reports from several countries indicate high morbidity and mortality from progression to lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). However, there have been no reports on IVI clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and risk factor for progression to LRTD among allo-HSCT recipients in Japan. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of allo-HSCT recipients who developed IVI between 2012 and 2019. RESULTS Forty-eight cases of IVI following allo-HSCT were identified at our institution. The median age was 42 years, and median time from allo-HSCT to IVI was 25 months. Thirty-seven patients (77.1%) were administered neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) as antiviral therapy within 48 h of symptom onset (early therapy), whereas 11 (22.9%) received NAI over 48 h after onset (delayed therapy). Subsequently, 12 patients (25.0%) developed LRTD after IVI. Multivariate analysis identified older age (hazard ratio [HR], 7.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.22-26.3) and bronchiolitis obliterans (HR, 5.74; 95% CI, 1.57-21.0) as independent risk factors for progression to LRTD. Moreover, land-mark analysis showed that early therapy prevented progression to LRTD (11.8% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.013). The IVI-related mortality rate was 2.1%. CONCLUSIONS Early NAI treatment is recommended for reducing the risk of LRTD progression due to IVI in allo-HSTC recipients, particularly for older patients and those with bronchiolitis obliterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kaito Harada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawakami
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Hematology, Ozawa Hospital, Odawara, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Hara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Hematology, Ebina General Hospital, Ebina, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aoyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Jun Amaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Hematology, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, Isehara, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masako Toyosaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Machida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ken Omachi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Ikoma H, Miyaoka M, Hiraiwa S, Yukie Kikuti Y, Shiraiwa S, Hara R, Kojima M, Ohmachi K, Ando K, Carreras J, Nakamura N. Clinicopathological analysis of follicular lymphoma with BCL2, BCL6, and MYC rearrangements. Pathol Int 2022; 72:321-331. [PMID: 35297566 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most follicular lymphomas (FL) show t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2 translocation, but rearrangement (R) negative cases exist. A series of 140 FL patients with a BCL2, BCL6, and MYC gene status examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were classified into five groups: (a) BCL2-R group (BCL2-R/BCL6-G/MYC-G) (G, germline), 77 cases; (b) BCL2/BCL6 double-R group (BCL2-R/BCL6-R/MYC-G), 16 cases; (c) BCL6-R group (BCL2-G/BCL6-R/MYC-G), 16 cases; (d) MYC-R group (BCL2-R or G/BCL6-R or G/MYC-R), three cases; (e) Triple-G group (BCL2-G/BCL6-G/MYC-G), 28 cases. The BCL6-R group had different clinicopathological characteristics. It showed lower rates of an advanced clinical stage and bone marrow invasion, less disease progression (p = 0.036), and a 'trend' toward a favorable progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.06). It also showed higher rates of grade 3A and MUM1-expression, and when analyzing the interfollicular spread pattern of CD20-positive cells, had fewer cases showing the IF3+ pattern (high interfollicular spread). Moreover, cases with BCL6-R and/or BCL6 gain (with cases of BCL2 rearrangement and/or of copy number gain excluded) correlated with favorable PFS (p = 0.014) and less IF3+ pattern (p = 0.007). We demonstrated that BCL6-R FLs showed unique clinicopathological findings, and FISH of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC is useful for FL diagnosis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ikoma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyaoka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hiraiwa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yara Yukie Kikuti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Hara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Minoru Kojima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmachi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
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Miyaoka M, Kikuti YY, Carreras J, Itou A, Ikoma H, Tomita S, Shiraiwa S, Ando K, Nakamura N. AID is a poor prognostic marker of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements. Pathol Int 2021; 72:35-42. [PMID: 34727403 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with MYC rearrangement is defined as double/triple-hit lymphoma (DHL/THL) or single-hit lymphoma (SHL) by the inclusion of the BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangements status. DHL/THL is called as "high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements" in the World Health Organization 2017 Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. To find a prognostic biomarker of DHL/THL, we firstly examined 19 cases (molecular analysis series;10 cases of DHL/THL and 9 cases of SHL) with gene expression profile analysis. The gene expression profile analysis showed that the high expression of AICDA was associated with an adverse prognosis in DHL/THL, but not in SHL. Then, we evaluated immunohistochemical expression of AID, the protein product of AICDA, in 50 cases (molecular analysis series of 19 cases and additional immunohistochemistry series of 31 cases; 12 cases of DHL/THL and 19 cases of SHL) and confirmed that its expression was also associated with an adverse prognosis in DHL/THL. Therefore, AICDA and AID can be a predictor of an adverse clinical outcome in DHL/THL and immunohistochemistry of AID is useful to find DHL/THL-adverse prognosis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Miyaoka
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yara Yukie Kikuti
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Itou
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Haruka Ikoma
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Sakura Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Hara R, Onizuka M, Kikkawa E, Shiraiwa S, Harada K, Aoyama Y, Ogiya D, Toyosaki M, Suzuki R, Machida S, Ohmachi K, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Matsushita H, Ando K. Association between measurable residual disease kinetics and outcomes of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:2479-2486. [PMID: 34247299 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) has improved dramatically. Although measurable residual disease (MRD) kinetics during pretransplant treatment has been recently reported to correlate with patient outcomes, it is unclear whether prognosis is better if the MRD falls below the detection sensitivity soon after induction therapy. We retrospectively analyzed data of 37 Ph + ALL patients who were treated with autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT, allo-SCT) at our institute from 2003 to 2019. Based on MRD kinetics, patients were divided into three groups: early responders (MRD became negative after induction therapy [n = 10, 27.0%]); late responders (MRD remained positive after induction therapy and became negative just before SCT [n = 12, 32.4%]); and poor responders (MRD was positive until just before SCT [n = 15, 40.5%]). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for the three groups were 80.0%, 60.0%, and 29.9%, respectively (P = 0.037). The 5-year overall survival rates were not significantly different. The 5-year relapse rates were 0.0%, 31.7%, and 49.5%, respectively (P = 0.045). Non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates were similar among the three groups. Subgroup analysis for the cases that received posttransplantation tyrosine kinase inhibitor maintenance therapy revealed that DFS was similarly dependent on MRD kinetics (P = 0.022). This study clarified that MRD kinetics was a significant prognosticator for DFS and relapse rate in Ph + ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryujiro Hara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Eri Kikkawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kaito Harada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aoyama
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masako Toyosaki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Sinichiro Machida
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmachi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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9
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Moriya K, Kikuti YY, Carreras J, Kondo Y, Shiraiwa S, Nakamura N. Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder demonstrating composite lymphoma of EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer. J Clin Exp Hematop 2021; 60:11-16. [PMID: 32224560 PMCID: PMC7187679 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.19038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders induced by immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate (MTX-LPD), exhibit numerous pathological findings. We report the case of an 81-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with MTX-LPD exhibiting two distinct pathological features from two different sites. Excisional biopsy of the left cervical lymph node revealed EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and biopsy of a pharyngeal ulcer revealed EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer. She was treated using an R-CHOP regimen and maintained complete remission for years. This case demonstrates the heterogeneous pathology of MTX-LPD and suggests the necessity of multiple biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Moriya
- Department of Hematology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yara Yukie Kikuti
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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10
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Shiraiwa S, Kikuti YY, Carreras J, Hara R, Aoyama Y, Ogiya D, Suzuki R, Toyosaki M, Ohmachi K, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Sato S, Nakamura N, Ando K. Clinicopathological evaluation of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders with special focus on Epstein-Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous lesions. J Clin Exp Hematop 2020; 60:159-168. [PMID: 33148934 PMCID: PMC7810250 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.20041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients diagnosed with methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) develop spontaneous regression upon the discontinuation of MTX, whereas others require chemotherapy. The mechanisms underlying this differential response and the capacity to spontaneously regress are not clearly understood. We evaluated numerous clinicopathological features in 63 patients diagnosed with MTX-LPD, with a special focus on those with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous lesions (EBVMCL). The diagnosis of EBVMCL included cases of both EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcers (EBVMCU) and diffuse gingival swelling associated with proliferation of EBV-positive large B-cells. Of the four subgroups of MTX-LPD, one-year treatment-free survival (TFS) after the discontinuation of MTX was achieved among those with EBVMCL (100%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (57%), Hodgkin-like lesions (60%), or classical Hodgkin lymphoma (29%); a significant difference in TFS was observed when comparing the responses of patients with EBVMCL to the those diagnosed with other subtypes. Multivariate analysis revealed predictive factors for prolonged TFS that included EBV-positive lesions and comparatively low levels of serum LDH. Taken together, our study suggests that a diagnosis of EBVMCL is related to the overall clinical outcome after the discontinuation of MTX.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Disease-Free Survival
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/chemically induced
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/mortality
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/therapy
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/chemically induced
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/mortality
- Hodgkin Disease/therapy
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/chemically induced
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Male
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- Methotrexate/adverse effects
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
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11
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Toyosaki M, Onizuka M, Amaki J, Shiraiwa S, Aoyama Y, Machida S, Kawai H, Murayama H, Ogiya D, Matsui K, Kawakami S, Harada K, Kondo Y, Hirabayashi K, Nakamura N, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Primary CNS post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder following haploidentical HSCT using post-transplant high-dose cyclophosphamide. Blood Cell Ther 2019; 2:1-4. [PMID: 37969696 PMCID: PMC10645483 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2018-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are frequently life-threatening, and their clinical management can be highly challenging. In the case of central nervous system lesions post-HSCT, a definitive diagnosis is often difficult to reach because many different causative and contributing conditions may be present, including bacterial, fungal, or viral infections; original disease relapse; and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Here, we report a case of a 32-year-old male patient with Philadelphia chromosomepositive acute lymphoid leukemia who underwent three HSCTs and was then diagnosed with primary central nervous system (PCNS) PTLD by brain biopsy. The third HSCT was a haplo-identical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from his mother, with post-transplant high-dose cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus used as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Four months after the HSCT, multiple small ring lesions were detected in the parabasal ganglia of the patient's brain during magnetic resonance imaging. A lesion biopsy indicated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Because the patient had no evidence of systemic lymphadenopathy, we diagnosed him with PCNS-PTLD. There was no EBV DNA in this patient's cerebrospinal fluid. The diagnosis of PCNS-PTLD by EBV DNA polymerase chain reaction is difficult and highlights the importance of a brain biopsy to diagnose PCNS-PTLD, especially in cases showing no EBV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. Although a rare condition, it is essential to locate and analyze cases of PCNS-PTLD after HSCT to establish the optimal strategy for treatment or prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Toyosaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Amaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aoyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Machida
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kawai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Murayama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawakami
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaito Harada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Baek SG, Wallace GM, Bonoli PT, Brunner D, Faust IC, Hubbard AE, Hughes JW, LaBombard B, Parker RR, Porkolab M, Shiraiwa S, Wukitch S. Observation of Efficient Lower Hybrid Current Drive at High Density in Diverted Plasmas on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:055001. [PMID: 30118250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) is demonstrated at densities up to n[over ¯]_{e}≈1.5×10^{20} m^{-3} in diverted plasmas on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak by operating at increased plasma current-and therefore reduced Greenwald density fraction. This density exceeds the nominal "LH density limit" at n[over ¯]_{e}≈1.0×10^{20} m^{-3} reported previously, above which an anomalous loss of current drive efficiency was observed. The recovery of current drive efficiency to a level consistent with engineering scalings is correlated with a reduction in density shoulders and turbulence levels in the far scrape-off layer. Concurrently, rf wave interaction with the edge and/or scrape-off-layer plasma is reduced, as indicated by a minimal broadening of the wave frequency spectrum measured at the plasma edge. These results have important implications for sustaining steady-state tokamak operation and indicate a pathway forward for implementing efficient LHCD in a reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Baek
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Wallace
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P T Bonoli
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Brunner
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I C Faust
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Munich, Bavaria 85748, Germany
| | - A E Hubbard
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J W Hughes
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B LaBombard
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R R Parker
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Porkolab
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Shiraiwa
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Wukitch
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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13
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Shiraiwa S, Greenwald M, Stillerman J, Wallace G, London M, Thomas J. Tools to export published datasets together with metadata from IDL/Python/MATLAB and πScope. Fusion Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Wukitch S, Shiraiwa S, Wallace G, Bonoli P, Holcomb C, Pinsker R. High Field Side Lower Hybrid Current Drive Simulations for Off- axis Current Drive in DIII-D. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715702012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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17
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Meneghini O, Shiraiwa S, Faust I, Parker RR, Schmidt A, Wallace G. Fullwave Simulations of Lower Hybrid Waves Coupled to 3D Fokker-Planck Solver: Comparison with Alcator C-Mod Experiment. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Meneghini
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - S. Shiraiwa
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - I. Faust
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - R. R. Parker
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - A. Schmidt
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - G. Wallace
- MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge MA, USA
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18
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Park S, Bae YS, Kim JH, Do H, Kim HT, Kim KM, Kim HK, Kim HJ, Han WS, Yang HL, Kwak JG, Namkung W, Cho MH, Park H, Delpech L, Hillairet J, Magne R, Hoang GT, Litaudon X, Wallace G, Shiraiwa S, Vieira R, Doody J. Progress of KSTAR 5-GHz Lower Hybrid Current Drive System. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst12-493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Park
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Y. S. Bae
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - J. H. Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - H. Do
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - H. T. Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - K. M. Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - H. K. Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - H. J. Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - W. S. Han
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - H. L. Yang
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - J. G. Kwak
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - W. Namkung
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - M. H. Cho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - H. Park
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - L. Delpech
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J. Hillairet
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - R. Magne
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. T. Hoang
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - X. Litaudon
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. Wallace
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - S. Shiraiwa
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - R. Vieira
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Doody
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Wallace G, Poli F, Chilenski M, Hughes J, Mumgaard R, Scott S, Shiraiwa S, Wukitch S. LHCD during current ramp experiments on Alcator C-Mod. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715703063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Peysson Y, Bonoli PT, Chen J, Garofalo A, Hillairet J, Li M, Qian J, Shiraiwa S, Decker J, Ding BJ, Ekedahl A, Goniche M, Zhai X. Current Challenges in the First Principle Quantitative Modelling of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive in Tokamaks. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715702007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Shiraiwa S, Fredian T, Hillairet J, Stillerman J. πScope: Python based scientific workbench with MDSplus data visualization tool. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Sawada K, Toyoda M, Kaneyama N, Shiraiwa S, Moriya H, Miyatake H, Tanaka E, Yamamoto N, Miyauchi M, Kimura M, Wada T, Fukagawa M. Upregulation of α3β1-Integrin in Podocytes in Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9265074. [PMID: 27340677 PMCID: PMC4908236 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9265074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Podocyte injury plays an important role in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Downregulation of α3β1-integrin expression in podocytes is thought to be associated with podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, although the mechanisms remain obscure. To determine the mechanism of podocyte detachment, we analyzed the expression levels of α3β1-integrin in podocytes in early and advanced stages of DN. Methods. Surgical specimens from DN patients were examined by in situ hybridization, and the expression levels of α3- and β1-integrin subunits in glomeruli of early (n = 6) and advanced (n = 8) stages were compared with those of normal glomeruli (n = 5). Heat-sensitive mouse podocytes (HSMP) were cultured with TGF-β1 to reproduce the microenvironment of glomeruli of DN, and the expression levels of integrin subunits and the properties of migration and attachment were examined. Results. Podocytes of early-stage DN showed upregulation of α3- and β1-integrin expression while those of advanced stage showed downregulation. Real-time PCR indicated a tendency for upregulation of α3- and β1-integrin in HSMP cultured with TGF-β1. TGF-β1-stimulated HSMP also showed enhanced in vitro migration and attachment on collagen substrate. Conclusions. The results suggested that podocyte detachment during early stage of DN is mediated through upregulation of α3β1-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichiro Sawada
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masao Toyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- *Masao Toyoda:
| | - Noriko Kaneyama
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Sawako Shiraiwa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hitomi Moriya
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Han Miyatake
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Eitaro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyauchi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Moritsugu Kimura
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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23
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Taylor G, Ellis R, Fredd E, Gerhardt SP, Greenough N, Harvey RW, Hosea JC, Parker R, Poli F, Raman R, Shiraiwa S, Smirnov AP, Terry D, Wallace G, Wukitch S. A megawatt-level 28 GHz heating system for the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158702013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Wallace G, Hillairet J, Koert P, Lin Y, Shiraiwa S, Wukitch S. Analysis of double stub tuner control stability in a phased array antenna with strong cross-coupling. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Rice JE, Podpaly YA, Reinke ML, Mumgaard R, Scott SD, Shiraiwa S, Wallace GM, Chouli B, Fenzi-Bonizec C, Nave MFF, Diamond PH, Gao C, Granetz RS, Hughes JW, Parker RR, Bonoli PT, Delgado-Aparicio L, Eriksson LG, Giroud C, Greenwald MJ, Hubbard AE, Hutchinson IH, Irby JH, Kirov K, Mailloux J, Marmar ES, Wolfe SM. Effects of magnetic shear on toroidal rotation in tokamak plasmas with lower hybrid current drive. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:125003. [PMID: 24093268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Application of lower hybrid (LH) current drive in tokamak plasmas can induce both co- and countercurrent directed changes in toroidal rotation, depending on the core q profile. For discharges with q(0) <1, rotation increments in the countercurrent direction are observed. If the LH-driven current is sufficient to suppress sawteeth and increase q(0) above unity, the core toroidal rotation change is in the cocurrent direction. This change in sign of the rotation increment is consistent with a change in sign of the residual stress (the divergence of which constitutes an intrinsic torque that drives the flow) through its dependence on magnetic shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rice
- PSFC MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Baek SG, Shiraiwa S, Parker RR, Dominguez A, Kramer GJ, Marmar ES. Modification of ordinary-mode reflectometry system to detect lower-hybrid waves in Alcator C-Mod. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E325. [PMID: 23126983 DOI: 10.1063/1.4734492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Backscattering experiments to detect lower-hybrid (LH) waves have been performed in Alcator C-Mod, using the two modified channels (60 GHz and 75 GHz) of an ordinary-mode reflectometry system with newly developed spectral recorders that can continuously monitor spectral power at a target frequency. The change in the baseline of the spectral recorder during the LH wave injection is highly correlated to the strength of the X-mode non-thermal electron cyclotron emission. In high density plasmas where an anomalous drop in the lower hybrid current drive efficiency is observed, the observed backscattered signals are expected to be generated near the last closed flux surface, demonstrating the presence of LH waves within the plasma. This experimental technique can be useful in identifying spatially localized LH electric fields in the periphery of high-density plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Baek
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Shiraiwa S, Baek S, Dominguez A, Marmar E, Parker R, Kramer GJ. Direct detection of lower hybrid wave using a reflectometer on Alcator C-Mod. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D936. [PMID: 21033964 DOI: 10.1063/1.3492370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of directly detecting a density perturbation produced by lower hybrid (LH) waves using a reflectometer is presented. We investigate the microwave scattering of reflectometer probe beams by a model density fluctuation produced by short wavelength LH waves in an Alcator C-Mod experimental condition. In the O-mode case, the maximum response of phase measurement is found to occur when the density perturbation is approximately centimeters in front of the antenna, where Bragg scattering condition is satisfied. In the X-mode case, the phase measurement is predicted to be more sensitive to the density fluctuation close to the cut-off layer. A feasibility test was carried out using a 50 GHz O-mode reflectometer on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, and positive results including the detection of 4.6 GHz pump wave and parametric decay instabilities were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shiraiwa
- MIT Plasma Science Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Ince-Cushman A, Rice JE, Reinke M, Greenwald M, Wallace G, Parker R, Fiore C, Hughes JW, Bonoli P, Shiraiwa S, Hubbard A, Wolfe S, Hutchinson IH, Marmar E, Bitter M, Wilson J, Hill K. Observation of self-generated flows in tokamak plasmas with lower-hybrid-driven current. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:035002. [PMID: 19257362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Alcator C-Mod discharges lower hybrid waves have been shown to induce a countercurrent change in toroidal rotation of up to 60 km/s in the central region of the plasma (r/a approximately <0.4). This modification of the toroidal rotation profile develops on a time scale comparable to the current redistribution time (approximately 100 ms) but longer than the energy and momentum confinement times (approximately 20 ms). A comparison of the co- and countercurrent injected waves indicates that current drive (as opposed to heating) is responsible for the rotation profile modifications. Furthermore, the changes in central rotation velocity induced by lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) are well correlated with changes in normalized internal inductance. The application of LHCD has been shown to generate sheared rotation profiles and a negative increment in the radial electric field profile consistent with a fast electron pinch.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ince-Cushman
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NW16, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Shiraiwa S, Hanada K, Hasegawa M, Idei H, Kasahara H, Mitarai O, Nakamura K, Nishino N, Nozato H, Sakamoto M, Sasaki K, Sato K, Takase Y, Yamada T, Zushi H. Heating by an electron Bernstein wave in a spherical tokamak plasma via mode conversion. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:185003. [PMID: 16712369 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.185003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The first successful high power heating of a high dielectric constant spherical tokamak plasma by an electron Bernstein wave (EBW) is reported. An EBW was excited by mode conversion (MC) of an mode cyclotron wave injected from the low magnetic field side of the TST-2 spherical tokamak. Evidence of electron heating was observed as increases in the stored energy and soft x-ray emission. The increased emission was concentrated in the plasma core region. A heating efficiency of over 50% was achieved, when the density gradient in the MC region was sufficiently steep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shiraiwa
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan.
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Shiraiwa S, Ide S, Itoh S, Mitarai O, Naito O, Ozeki T, Sakamoto Y, Suzuki T, Takase Y, Tanaka S, Taniguchi T, Aramasu M, Fujita T, Fukuda T, Gao X, Gryaznevich M, Hanada K, Jotaki E, Kamada Y, Maekawa T, Miura Y, Nakamura K, Nishi T, Tanaka H, Ushigusa K. Formation of advanced tokamak plasmas without the use of an ohmic-heating solenoid. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:035001. [PMID: 14753880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new operational scenario of advanced tokamak formation was demonstrated in the JT-60U tokamak. This was accomplished by electron cyclotron and lower hybrid waves, neutral beam injection, and the loop voltage supplied by the vertical field and shaping coils. The Ohmic heating (OH) solenoid was not used but a small inboard coil (part of the shaping coil), providing less than 20% of total poloidal flux, was used. The plasma thus obtained had both internal and edge transport barriers, with an energy confinement time of 1.6 times H-mode scaling, a poloidal beta of 3.6, and a normalized beta of 1.6, and a large bootstrap current fraction (>90%). This result opens up a possibility to reduce, and eventually eliminate, the OH solenoid from a tokamak reactor, which will greatly improve its economic competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shiraiwa
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Jones B, Efthimion PC, Taylor G, Munsat T, Wilson JR, Hosea JC, Kaita R, Majeski R, Maingi R, Shiraiwa S, Spaleta J, Ram AK. Controlled optimization of mode conversion from electron Bernstein waves to extraordinary mode in magnetized plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:165001. [PMID: 12731979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the CDX-U spherical torus, agreement between radiation temperature and Thomson scattering electron temperature profiles indicates approximately 100% conversion of thermally emitted electron Bernstein waves to the X mode. This has been achieved by controlling the electron density scale length (L(n)) in the conversion region with a local limiter outside the last closed flux surface, shortening L(n) to the theoretically required value for optimal conversion. From symmetry of the conversion process, prospects for efficient coupling in heating and current drive scenarios are strongly supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jones
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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Yasuzumi G, Shiraiwa S, Yamamoto H. Spermatogenesis in animals as revealed by electron microscopy. XXVII. Development of the neck region and flagellum of the cat spermatozoon. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 1972; 125:497-505. [PMID: 4551791 DOI: 10.1007/bf00306656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yamamoto H, Shiraiwa S, Ashida T, Ito Y. Perichromatin granules during cell division cycle. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 1969; 18:57-62. [PMID: 5812156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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