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Viswanathan NK, Chirgwin ME, Gibbs J, Kalaj BN, Durham S, Tran J, Gomez M, Lazaro H, Chen M, Mansfield CR, Derbyshire ER, Eagon S. Synthesis and activity of β-carboline antimalarials targeting the Plasmodium falciparum heat shock 90 protein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 92:129410. [PMID: 37478957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A collection of β-carbolines based on the natural product harmine, a compound known to target the heat shock 90 protein of Plasmodium falciparum, was synthesized and tested for antimalarial activity and potential toxicity. Several of these novel compounds display promising bioactivity, providing a new potential therapeutic with a mode of action that differs versus any currently available clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Viswanathan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | | | - Julia Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Brianna N Kalaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sierra Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Maximillian Gomez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Horacio Lazaro
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Christopher R Mansfield
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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2
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Wong CD, Ganjooi K, Verbarendse M, Travis JM, Troftgruben MHS, Mora HR, Oldenburg I, Lammert R, Lazaro H, Eagon S. Synthesis of benzoxazoles via a silver mediated oxidation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2148223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe D. Wong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Kimiya Ganjooi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Maetja Verbarendse
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M. Travis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. S. Troftgruben
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Hannah R. Mora
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Oldenburg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Robert Lammert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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3
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Johnson H, Gleason C, Klug T, Schmid C, Schioldager R, DiBernardo C, Eagon S. Improved Synthesis of 5-Ethylsulfonyl-2-methoxyaniline. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2072154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Cameron Gleason
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Trevan Klug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Connor Schmid
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | | | - Celine DiBernardo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
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4
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Klug T, Cronin A, O'Brien E, Schioldager R, Johnson H, Gleason C, Schmid C, Soderberg N, Manjunath A, Liyanage D, Lazaro H, Kimball JJ, Eagon S. Microwave mediated synthesis of 2-aminooxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Eagon S, Howland M, Heying M, Callant E, Brar N, Pompa E, Mallari JP. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum falcilysin inhibitors by a virtual screen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128394. [PMID: 34606998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - McClane Howland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Michael Heying
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Emma Callant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Nimrat Brar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernadino, CA, USA
| | - Emmett Pompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernadino, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy P Mallari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernadino, CA, USA
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6
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Kahlon G, Lira R, Masvlov N, Pompa E, Brar N, Eagon S, Anderson MO, Andaya A, Chance JP, Fejzic H, Keniston A, Huynh N, Celis N, Vidal B, Trieu N, Rodriguez P, Mallari JP. Corrigendum to "Structure guided development of potent piperazine-derived hydroxamic acid inhibitors targeting falcilysin" [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 32 (2021) 127683]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127836. [PMID: 33588181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulbag Kahlon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Rogelio Lira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nikolay Masvlov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Emmett Pompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nimrat Brar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA
| | - Marc O Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
| | - Armann Andaya
- Campus Mass Spectrometry Facilities, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jeff P Chance
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Hannah Fejzic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Aaron Keniston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nohemy Celis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Brian Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nicholas Trieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Paulina Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Jeremy P Mallari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA.
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7
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Everson N, Bach J, Hammill JT, Falade MO, Rice AL, Guy RK, Eagon S. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum heat shock 90 inhibitors via molecular docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 35:127818. [PMID: 33513390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A virtual screen was performed to identify anti-malarial compounds targeting Plasmodium falciparum heat shock 90 protein by applying a series of drug-like and commercial availability filters to compounds in the ZINC database, resulting in a virtual library of more than 13 million candidates. The goal of the virtual screen was to identify novel compounds which could serve as a starting point for the development of antimalarials with a mode of action different from anything currently used in the clinic. The screen targeted the ATP binding pocket of the highly conserved Plasmodium heat shock 90 protein, as this protein is critical to the survival of the parasite and has several significant structural differences from the human homolog. The top twelve compounds from the virtual screen were tested in vitro, with all twelve showing no antiproliferative activity against the human fibroblast cell line and three compounds exhibiting single digit or better micromolar antiproliferative activity against the chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum 3D7 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikalet Everson
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jordan Bach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Jared T Hammill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Mofolusho O Falade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Amy L Rice
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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8
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Kahlon G, Lira R, Masvlov N, Pompa E, Brar N, Eagon S, Anderson MO, Andaya A, Chance JP, Fejzic H, Keniston A, Huynh N, Celis N, Vidal B, Trieu N, Rodriguez P, Mallari JP. Structure guided development of potent piperazine-derived hydroxamic acid inhibitors targeting falcilysin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 32:127683. [PMID: 33227414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of human malaria and is estimated to kill 400,000 people a year. The parasite infects and replicates in host red blood cells (RBCs), where it expresses an array of proteases to carry out multiple essential processes. We are investigating the function of falcilysin (FLN), a protease known to be required for parasite development in the RBC. We previously developed a piperazine-based hydroxamic acid scaffold to generate the first inhibitors of FLN, and the current study reports the optimization of the lead compound from that series. A range of substituents were tested at the N1 and N4 positions of the piperazine core, and inhibitors with significantly improved potency against purified FLN and cultured P. falciparum were identified. Computational studies were also performed to understand the mode of binding for these compounds, and predicted a binding model consistent with the biochemical data and the distinctive SAR observed at both the N1 and N4 positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulbag Kahlon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Rogelio Lira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nikolay Masvlov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Emmett Pompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nimrat Brar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA
| | - Marc O Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
| | - Armann Andaya
- Campus Mass Spectrometry Facilities, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jeff P Chance
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Hannah Fejzic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Aaron Keniston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nohemy Celis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Brian Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Nicholas Trieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Paulina Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Jeremy P Mallari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, USA.
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9
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Eagon S, Hammill JT, Sigal M, Ahn KJ, Tryhorn JE, Koch G, Belanger B, Chaplan CA, Loop L, Kashtanova AS, Yniguez K, Lazaro H, Wilkinson SP, Rice AL, Falade MO, Takahashi R, Kim K, Cheung A, DiBernardo C, Kimball JJ, Winzeler EA, Eribez K, Mittal N, Gamo FJ, Crespo B, Churchyard A, García-Barbazán I, Baum J, Anderson MO, Laleu B, Guy RK. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Dual-Stage Antimalarial Pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridines. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11902-11919. [PMID: 32945666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most deadly infectious diseases, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, primarily in young children and pregnant mothers. Here, we report the discovery and derivatization of a series of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines targeting Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest species of the malaria parasite. Hit compounds in this series display sub-micromolar in vitro activity against the intraerythrocytic stage of the parasite as well as little to no toxicity against the human fibroblast BJ and liver HepG2 cell lines. In addition, our hit compounds show good activity against the liver stage of the parasite but little activity against the gametocyte stage. Parasitological profiles, including rate of killing, docking, and molecular dynamics studies, suggest that our compounds may target the Qo binding site of cytochrome bc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jared T Hammill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Martina Sigal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Kevin J Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Julia E Tryhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Grant Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Briana Belanger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cory A Chaplan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Lauren Loop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Anna S Kashtanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Kenya Yniguez
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Horacio Lazaro
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Steven P Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Amy L Rice
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Mofolusho O Falade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Katie Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ashley Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Celine DiBernardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Joshua J Kimball
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Korina Eribez
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nimisha Mittal
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Benigno Crespo
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health, DDW, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Alisje Churchyard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Irene García-Barbazán
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc O Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, United States
| | - Benoît Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), P.O. Box 1826, 20, Route de Pré-Bois, Geneva 1215, Switzerland
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40508, United States
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Eagon S, Hammill JT, Bach J, Everson N, Sisley TA, Walls MJ, Durham S, Pillai DR, Falade MO, Rice AL, Kimball JJ, Lazaro H, DiBernardo C, Kiplin Guy R. Antimalarial activity of tetrahydro-β-carbolines targeting the ATP binding pocket of the Plasmodium falciparum heat shock 90 protein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127502. [PMID: 32822760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives of a lead compound known to target the heat shock 90 protein of Plasmodium falciparum were synthesized and assayed for both potency against the parasite and toxicity against a human cell line. Using a rationalized structure based design strategy, a new lead compound with a potency two orders of magnitude greater than the original lead compound was found. Additional modeling of this new lead compound suggests multiple avenues to further increase potency against this target, potentially paving the path for a therapeutic with a mode of action different than any current clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - Jared T Hammill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Jordan Bach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Nikalet Everson
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Tyler A Sisley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Walls
- Department of Public Health, Tauro University, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Sierra Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dylan R Pillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mofolusho O Falade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Amy L Rice
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Joshua J Kimball
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Horacio Lazaro
- Promega Biosciences, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Celine DiBernardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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11
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Masters L, Eagon S, Heying M. Evaluation of consensus scoring methods for AutoDock Vina, smina and idock. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 96:107532. [PMID: 31991303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the application of consensus scoring using the freely available and open source structure-based virtual screening docking programs AutoDock Vina, smina and idock. These individual programs and several simple consensus scoring methods were tested for their ability to identify hits against 20 DUD-E benchmark targets using the AUC and EF1 metrics. We found that all of the consensus scoring methods, however normalized, fared worse, on average, than simply using the output from a single program, smina. Additionally, the effect of a significant increase in the run time of all three programs was tested to find if a longer run time yielded improved results. Our results indicated that a longer run time than the default had little impact on the performance of these three programs or on consensus scoring methods based on their output. Thus, we have found that using the smina program alone at default settings is the best approach for researchers that do not have access to a suite of commercial docking software packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Masters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Michael Heying
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
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12
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Law J, Manjunath A, Schioldager R, Eagon S. Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31282901 DOI: 10.3791/59896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes it efficient in both time and resources and utilizes water as the solvent. 3-Aminocrotononitrile or an appropriate α-cyanoketone is combined with an aryl hydrazine and dissolved in 1 M HCl. The mixture is then heated in a microwave reactor at 150 °C, typically for 10-15 min. The product can be readily obtained by basifying the solution with 10% NaOH and isolating the desired compound with a simple vacuum filtration. The use of water as a solvent in this reaction lends to its ease and utility in production, and this method is easily reproducible with a variety of functional groups. Typical isolated yields range from 70-90%, and reactions can be performed on the milligram to gram scale with little to no change in observed yields. Some of the applications of these molecules and their derivatives include pesticides, anti-malarials, and chemotherapeutics, among many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarvis Law
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University
| | - Aashrita Manjunath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University
| | - Ryan Schioldager
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University;
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13
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Everson N, Yniguez K, Loop L, Lazaro H, Belanger B, Koch G, Bach J, Manjunath A, Schioldager R, Law J, Grabenauer M, Eagon S. Microwave synthesis of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Durham SD, Sierra B, Gomez MJ, Tran JK, Anderson MO, Whittington-Davis NA, Eagon S. Synthesis of β-carbolines via a silver-mediated oxidation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bayih AG, Folefoc A, Mohon AN, Eagon S, Anderson M, Pillai DR. In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of novel harmine-analog heat shock protein 90 inhibitors: a possible partner for artemisinin. Malar J 2016; 15:579. [PMID: 27903279 PMCID: PMC5131496 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains poses a serious challenge to the control of malaria. This necessitates the development of new anti-malarial drugs. Previous studies have shown that the natural beta-carboline alkaloid harmine is a promising anti-malarial agent targeting the P. falciparum heat-shock protein 90 (PfHsp90). The aim of this study was to test the anti-malarial activity of harmine analogues. Methods Forty-two harmine analogues were synthesized and the binding of these analogues to P. falciparum heat shock protein 90 was investigated. The in vitro anti-malarial activity of two of the analogues, 17A and 21A, was evaluated using a 72-h growth inhibition assay. The in vivo anti-malarial activity was tested in Plasmodium berghei infection of BALB/c mice. The potential of 21A for a combination treatment with artemisinin was evaluated using in vivo combination study with dihydro-artemisinin in BALB/c mice. Cytotoxicity of the harmine analogues was tested in vitro using HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Results 17A and 21A bound to PfHsp90 with average IC50 values of 12.2 ± 2.3 and 23.1 ± 8.8 µM, respectively. They also inhibited the P. falciparum W2 strain with average IC50 values of 4.2 ± 1.3 and 5.7 ± 1.7 µM, respectively. In vivo, three daily injections of P. berghei-infected BALB/c mice with 100 mg/kg of either 17A or 21A showed significant reduction in parasitaemia with a 51.5 and 56.1% reduction, respectively. Mice treated with 17A and 21A showed a median survival time of 11 and 14 days, respectively, while the vehicle control mice survived a median of only 8.5 days. A dose-ranging experiment with 21A showed that the compound has a dose-dependent anti-malarial effect. Furthermore, treatment of infected mice with a combination of 21A and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) showed a dramatic reduction in parasitaemia compared to treatment with DHA alone. Conclusion A novel and non-toxic harmine analogue has been synthesized which binds to PfHsp90 protein, inhibits P. falciparum in vitro at micromolar concentration, reduces parasitaemia and prolongs survival of P. berghei-infected mice with an additive anti-malarial effect when combined with DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Genetu Bayih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIID and Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Asongna Folefoc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIID and Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abu Naser Mohon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIID and Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Marc Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan R Pillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIID and Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Singaram B, L. Murphy C, L. Bailey C, W. Clary J, Eagon S, Gould N. Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Diisopropylaminoborane. Synthesis of Alkyl, Aryl, Heteroaryl and Allyl Boronic Acids from Organoc(diisopropyl)aminoborane by a Simple Hydrolysis. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Saavedra JZ, Resendez A, Rovira A, Eagon S, Haddenham D, Singaram B. Reaction of InCl3 with Various Reducing Agents: InCl3–NaBH4-Mediated Reduction of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitriles to Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2011; 77:221-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Z. Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Angel Resendez
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander Rovira
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Dustin Haddenham
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Haddenham D, Bailey CL, Vu C, Nepomuceno G, Eagon S, Pasumansky L, Singaram B. Lithium aminoborohydrides 17. Palladium catalyzed borylation of aryl iodides, bromides, and triflates with diisopropylaminoborane prepared from lithium diisopropylaminoborohydride. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Eagon S, DeLieto C, McDonald WJ, Haddenham D, Saavedra J, Kim J, Singaram B. Mild and expedient asymmetric reductions of α,β-unsaturated alkenyl and alkynyl ketones by TarB-NO2 and mechanistic investigations of ketone reduction. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7717-25. [PMID: 21033682 DOI: 10.1021/jo101530f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and mild reduction procedure is reported for the preparation of chiral allylic and propargyl alcohols in high enantiomeric purity. Under optimized conditions, alkynyl and alkenyl ketones were reduced by TarB-NO2 and NaBH4 at 25 °C in 1 h to produce chiral propargyl and allylic alcohols with enantiomeric excesses and yields up to 99%. In the case of α,β-unsaturated alkenyl ketones, α-substituted cycloalkenones were reduced with up to 99% ee, while more substituted and acyclic derivatives exhibited lower induction. For α,β-ynones, it was found that highly branched aliphatic ynones were reduced with optimal induction up to 90% ee, while reduction of aromatic and linear aliphatic derivatives resulted in more modest enantioselectivity. Using the (L)-TarB-NO2 reagent derived from (L)-tartaric acid, we routinely obtained highly enantioenriched chiral allylic and propargyl alcohols with (R) configuration. Since previous models and a reduction of a saturated analogue predicted propargyl products of (S) configuration, a series of new mechanistic studies were conducted to determine the likely orientation of aromatic, alkenyl, and alkynyl ketones in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 94086, United States
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Haddenham D, Pasumansky L, DeSoto J, Eagon S, Singaram B. Reductions of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles to Primary Amines with Diisopropylaminoborane. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1964-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8023329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Haddenham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Lubov Pasumansky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Jamie DeSoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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Singaram B, Eagon S, Kim J. Mild and Practical Reductions of Prochiral Ketones to Chiral Alcohols Using the Chiral Boronic Ester TarB-H. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1083605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Eagon S, Kim J, Yan K, Haddenham D, Singaram B. Asymmetric reductions using the chiral boronic ester TarB–H: a practical and inexpensive procedure for synthesizing chiral alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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