1
|
Killeen BD, Gao C, Oguine KJ, Darcy S, Armand M, Taylor RH, Osgood G, Unberath M. An autonomous X-ray image acquisition and interpretation system for assisting percutaneous pelvic fracture fixation. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2023; 18:1201-1208. [PMID: 37213057 PMCID: PMC11002911 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Percutaneous fracture fixation involves multiple X-ray acquisitions to determine adequate tool trajectories in bony anatomy. In order to reduce time spent adjusting the X-ray imager's gantry, avoid excess acquisitions, and anticipate inadequate trajectories before penetrating bone, we propose an autonomous system for intra-operative feedback that combines robotic X-ray imaging and machine learning for automated image acquisition and interpretation, respectively. METHODS Our approach reconstructs an appropriate trajectory in a two-image sequence, where the optimal second viewpoint is determined based on analysis of the first image. A deep neural network is responsible for detecting the tool and corridor, here a K-wire and the superior pubic ramus, respectively, in these radiographs. The reconstructed corridor and K-wire pose are compared to determine likelihood of cortical breach, and both are visualized for the clinician in a mixed reality environment that is spatially registered to the patient and delivered by an optical see-through head-mounted display. RESULTS We assess the upper bounds on system performance through in silico evaluation across 11 CTs with fractures present, in which the corridor and K-wire are adequately reconstructed. In post hoc analysis of radiographs across 3 cadaveric specimens, our system determines the appropriate trajectory to within 2.8 ± 1.3 mm and 2.7 ± 1.8[Formula: see text]. CONCLUSION An expert user study with an anthropomorphic phantom demonstrates how our autonomous, integrated system requires fewer images and lower movement to guide and confirm adequate placement compared to current clinical practice. Code and data are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Gao
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21210, MD, USA
| | | | - Sean Darcy
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21210, MD, USA
| | - Mehran Armand
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21210, MD, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Greg Osgood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guseva K, Darcy S, Simon E, Alteio LV, Montesinos-Navarro A, Kaiser C. From diversity to complexity: Microbial networks in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 2022; 169:108604. [PMID: 35712047 PMCID: PMC9125165 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Network analysis has been used for many years in ecological research to analyze organismal associations, for example in food webs, plant-plant or plant-animal interactions. Although network analysis is widely applied in microbial ecology, only recently has it entered the realms of soil microbial ecology, shown by a rapid rise in studies applying co-occurrence analysis to soil microbial communities. While this application offers great potential for deeper insights into the ecological structure of soil microbial ecosystems, it also brings new challenges related to the specific characteristics of soil datasets and the type of ecological questions that can be addressed. In this Perspectives Paper we assess the challenges of applying network analysis to soil microbial ecology due to the small-scale heterogeneity of the soil environment and the nature of soil microbial datasets. We review the different approaches of network construction that are commonly applied to soil microbial datasets and discuss their features and limitations. Using a test dataset of microbial communities from two depths of a forest soil, we demonstrate how different experimental designs and network constructing algorithms affect the structure of the resulting networks, and how this in turn may influence ecological conclusions. We will also reveal how assumptions of the construction method, methods of preparing the dataset, and definitions of thresholds affect the network structure. Finally, we discuss the particular questions in soil microbial ecology that can be approached by analyzing and interpreting specific network properties. Targeting these network properties in a meaningful way will allow applying this technique not in merely descriptive, but in hypothesis-driven research. Analysing microbial networks in soils opens a window to a better understanding of the complexity of microbial communities. However, this approach is unfortunately often used to draw conclusions which are far beyond the scientific evidence it can provide, which has damaged its reputation for soil microbial analysis. In this Perspectives Paper, we would like to sharpen the view for the real potential of microbial co-occurrence analysis in soils, and at the same time raise awareness regarding its limitations and the many ways how it can be misused or misinterpreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Guseva
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sean Darcy
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Simon
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lauren V. Alteio
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicia Montesinos-Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garcia-Romeu A, Darcy S, Jackson H, White T, Rosenberg P. Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 56:287-317. [PMID: 34734390 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist "classic psychedelics" are drawing increasing interest as potential mental health treatments. Recent work suggests psychedelics can exert persisting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects lasting up to several months after a single administration. Data indicate acute subjective drug effects as important psychological factors involved in observed therapeutic benefits. Additionally, animal models have shown an important role for 5-HT2AR agonists in modulating learning and memory function with relevance for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related dementias. A number of biological mechanisms of action are under investigation to elucidate 5-HT2AR agonists' therapeutic potential, including enhanced neuroplasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and alterations in brain functional connectivity. These diverse lines of research are reviewed here along with a discussion of AD pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric symptoms to highlight classic psychedelics as potential novel pharmacotherapies for patients with AD. Human clinical research suggests a possible role for high-dose psychedelic administration in symptomatic treatment of depressed mood and anxiety in early-stage AD. Preclinical data indicate a potential for low- or high-dose psychedelic treatment regimens to slow or reverse brain atrophy, enhance cognitive function, and slow progression of AD. In conclusion, rationale and potential approaches for preliminary research with psychedelics in patients with AD are presented, and ramifications of this line of investigation for development of novel AD treatments are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sean Darcy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hillary Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toni White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Darcy S, Dardelet B. Rescuing the Emergency – Multiple Expertise and IT in the Emergency Field. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objectives: The rapid growth, both in technical and social approaches to the innovation phenomenon in health care suggests that profound changes are occurring. The focus of the project was to evaluate these changes through the case study of the French emergency field.
Methods: The consequences of information technology implementations in the Emergency Services are presented as models to investigate the importance of technical expertise, with both the involvement of all the stakeholders from the beginning of the design and the test of the new tool in real settings.
Results and Conclusion: A new form of work resulted for the management of the crisis, which questioned the status of the actors and their actions, and the characteristics of the protocols of rescue. The outcome of this project was a new model built for the rescue of the emergency field which encompasses alternative forms of expertise.
Collapse
|
5
|
Evangelista MS, Perez M, Salibian AA, Hassan JM, Darcy S, Paydar KZ, Wicker RB, Arcaute K, Mann BK, Evans GRD. Single-lumen and multi-lumen poly(ethylene glycol) nerve conduits fabricated by stereolithography for peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. J Reconstr Microsurg 2015; 31:327-35. [PMID: 25893632 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nerve conduits to facilitate nerve regrowth after peripheral nerve injury is limited to defects less than 3 cm. The purpose of this study is to determine the capability of novel single and multi-lumen poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conduits manufactured by stereolithography to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight Sprague Dawley rats with sharp transection injuries of the sciatic nerve were randomly assigned to receive single-lumen or multi-lumen PEG conduits to bridge a 10-mm gap. Sciatic nerve and conduit samples were harvested after 5 weeks, and axon number, myelin thickness, fiber diameter, and g-ratio were analyzed. The contralateral intact nerve was also harvested for comparison. RESULTS Partial nerve regeneration was observed in three out of four single-lumen conduits and one out of four multi-lumen conduits. Axon number in the single-lumen regenerated nerve approached that of the contralateral intact nerve at 4,492 ± 2,810.0 and 6,080 ± 627.9 fibers/mm(2), respectively. The percentage of small fibers was greater in the single-lumen conduit compared with the intact nerve, whereas myelin thickness and g-ratio were consistently greater in the autologous nerve. Axon regrowth through the multi-lumen conduits was severely limited. CONCLUSION Single-lumen stereolithography-manufactured PEG nerve conduits promote nerve regeneration, with regenerating axon numbers approaching that of normal nerve. Multi-lumen conduits demonstrated significantly less nerve regeneration, possibly due to physical properties of the conduit inhibiting growth. Further studies are necessary to compare the efficacy of the two conduits for functional recovery and to elucidate the reasons underlying their differences in nerve regeneration potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mireya Perez
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Ara A Salibian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Jeffrey M Hassan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Sean Darcy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Keyianoosh Z Paydar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Ryan B Wicker
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Karina Arcaute
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Brenda K Mann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse gestational weight gain (GWG) according to body mass index (BMI) category and to explore the relationship between GWG and pregnancy complications. Women were recruited in the 1st trimester. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Weight was measured at 38 weeks' gestation and GWG calculated. Clinical details were obtained prospectively. Of the 604 women recruited, 45.5% were primigravidas and 25.2% were obese. The overall mean GWG was 11.6 kg (SD 6.0). In obese women, the mean GWG was 10.4 kg (SD 7.5) compared with 12.6 kg (SD 5.7) in the normal BMI category (p < 0.001). Maternal obesity but not increased GWG was associated with an increased risk of induction of labour, caesarean section and pre-eclampsia. It was concluded that obese women were more likely to exceed GWG recommendations, despite lower GWG than non-obese women. Maternal obesity and not GWG increased the risk of pregnancy complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V O'Dwyer
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Mycotic aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare and often difficult to diagnose. They can have nonspecific signs and symptoms, an unclear etiology, and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality if left untreated. We present a case of a 47-year-old woman with an apparent mycotic aneurysm of the extracranial ICA associated with Klebsiella pneumonia. We discuss the various clinical findings and radiographic imaging that lead to this unusual diagnosis and the details of our surgical treatment, which included excision of the mycotic aneurysm and reconstruction with a greater saphenous vein interposition graft. We also review the literature on mycotic aneurysms of the ICA, including the radiologic modalities available to diagnose this condition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Beth O'Connell
- UCLA Gonda (Goldschmied) Vascular Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - Sean Darcy
- UCLA Gonda (Goldschmied) Vascular Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Todd Reil
- UCLA Gonda (Goldschmied) Vascular Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dardelet B, Darcy S. Rescuing the emergency--multiple expertise and IT in the emergency field. Methods Inf Med 2003; 42:360-5. [PMID: 14534634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rapid growth, both in technical and social approaches to the innovation phenomenon in health care suggests that profound changes are occurring. The focus of the project was to evaluate these changes through the case study of the French emergency field. METHODS The consequences of information technology implementations in the Emergency Services are presented as models to investigate the importance of technical expertise, with both the involvement of all the stakeholders from the beginning of the design and the test of the new tool in real settings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A new form of work resulted for the management of the crisis, which questioned the status of the actors and their actions, and the characteristics of the protocols of rescue. The outcome of this project was a new model built for the rescue of the emergency field which encompasses alternative forms of expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Dardelet
- France Telecom R&D Laboratoire UCE 38-40, rue du General Leclerc 92 794 Issy Moulinaux, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|