Hamlin S, Alexander R, Hayes K, Szoke A, Benton A, Wilde-Onia R, Castillo R, Thomas P, Cipolla J, Braverman MA. Impact of a High Observation Trauma Protocol on Patients with Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury.
J Am Coll Surg 2023:00019464-990000000-00607. [PMID:
37026829 DOI:
10.1097/xcs.0000000000000703]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
Nationally, the volume of geriatric falls with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is increasing. Our institution began observing patients with ICH, a GCS ≥ 14, and no midline shift or intraventricular hemorrhage with hourly neurologic examination outside the ICU in a high observation trauma (HOT) protocol. We first excluded patients on anticoagulants/antiplatelets (HOT I), then included antiplatelets and warfarin (HOT II) and finally included direct oral anticoagulants (HOT III). Our hypothesis is that HOT protocol safely reduces ICU utilization and creates cost savings in this patient population.
STUDY DESIGN
Our institutional trauma registry was retrospectively queried for all patients on HOT protocol. Patients were stratified based on date of admission: HOT I (2008-2014), HOT II (2015-2018) and HOT III (2019-2021). Demographics, anticoagulant use, injury characteristics, lengths of stay (LOS), incidence of neuro-intervention, and mortality.
RESULTS
Over the study period, 2343 patients were admitted, including HOT I (n=939), HOT II (n=794), and HOT III (n=610). Of these patients, 331 (35%), 554 (70%), and 495 (81%) were admitted to the floor under HOT protocol. HOT patients required neurointervention in 3.0%, 0.5% and 0.4% of cases over HOT I, II, and III, respectively. Mortality among HOT protocol patients was found to be 0.6% in HOT I, 0.9% in HOT II and 0.2% in the HOT III cohort (p=0.33).
CONCLUSION
Across the study period, ICU utilization decreased without an increase in neurosurgical intervention or mortality indicating the efficacy of the HOT selection criteria in identifying appropriate candidates for stepdown admission and high observation trauma protocol.
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