1
|
Findlay L, Kellett R, Lubbe S, Wand AP. Pathways to community living in practice: Local development and adaptation within an older peoples mental health service. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:824-829. [PMID: 37950838 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231211140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the local adaptation of the Pathways to Community Living (PCLI) program in an Older Peoples Mental Health (OPMH) service to guide other services. METHOD A retrospective observational study was conducted. Data were obtained from service planning meetings and newly developed documents, Clinical Advisory Committee meetings, and OPMH PCLI database. RESULTS The PCLI program was adapted for the local OPMH service through development of an assessment template, creating a Memorandum of Understanding with a partner Residential Aged Care Facility (RACF) and establishing processes for collaboration and regular review. Between 2019 and March 2023, 20 mental health consumers were referred to the OPMH PCLI program. Their demographic and clinical characteristics are described. CONCLUSIONS Adaptation of the PCLI program for OPMH consumers required consideration of specific older adult needs to develop a bespoke plan for assessment and partnership with the PCLI-funded RACF. The development phase and ongoing processes for review facilitated engagement of key stakeholders across health and RACF sectors, highlighting issues with consumer engagement. Similar models could be used by other health services to implement the PCLI in their local context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Findlay
- Older Peoples Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, C/O Camperdown Community Health Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rowena Kellett
- Older Peoples Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, C/O Camperdown Community Health Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sean Lubbe
- Older Peoples Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, C/O Camperdown Community Health Centre, Sydney, Australia; Specialty of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Pf Wand
- Older Peoples Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, C/O Camperdown Community Health Centre, New South Wales, Australia
- Specialty of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sundakov-Krumins TE, Lubbe S, Wand APF. Homicide and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2022; 51:1-17. [PMID: 35306488 DOI: 10.1159/000521878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homicide by older offenders is rare and devastating. It likely occurs due to a complex interaction of personal, social, and environmental factors. Dementia is a progressive neurological condition which may amplify behavioural disturbances such as aggression. This systematic review aims to evaluate the factors associated with homicide committed by people with dementia in order to inform clinical practice. SUMMARY MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for empirical studies examining the characteristics and circumstances of people with dementia who committed homicides. Data on factors associated with the homicide were extracted and the quality of each study rated using standardized criteria. A total of 499 papers were screened and thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Study design included case reports (seven studies), case series (four studies), and two retrospective cohort studies, indicative of low levels of evidence. Sample sizes were 1-70. Study findings were predominantly descriptive. Quality ratings ranged from 50 to 100%. Factors associated with disinhibition such as dysexecutive syndrome, alcohol use, and delirium may predispose to severe impulsive aggression. Psychosis and personality pathology appeared to influence targeted assaults resulting in homicide by people with dementia. Victim vulnerability was also a key element. KEY MESSAGES The current evidence examining risk factors for homicide committed by people with dementia is limited. However, there are common characteristics reported in these descriptive studies including psychiatric factors and cognitive states causing disinhibition. Recommendations for clinical practice include early assessment of older people with dementia and changed behaviours to allow management of comorbidities and reversible risk factors, alongside education, and advice to carers (who may be targets of aggression). Specialized geriatric forensic psychiatry services and care settings should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Lubbe
- Older People's Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Pamela Frances Wand
- Older People's Mental Health, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McAdam KG, Tetteh J, Bishop L, Digard H, Cote J, Lubbe S, Liu C. A Combined Study of Headspace Volatiles using Human Sensory, Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7773. [PMID: 32385293 PMCID: PMC7210946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) are widely used in certain parts of the world, yet there is limited understanding of how they are consumed, particularly the impact of chemosensory characteristics on their use. In order to develop an understanding of the drivers of STP use and product acceptability we conducted both human sensory panel testing and chemical analyses on a range of STPs. Free-sorting paired odour testing using sensory panellists identified similarities and clear differences between eleven different STPs. Headspace volatiles, analysed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), identified 20 to 70 components depending upon the STP. Key differences in headspace volatiles were found between STPs. For example, the headspace of Skoal Bandits Wintergreen was dominated by methyl salicylate, while Marlboro Spice consists of a more complex profile including pinene, nicotine, eugenol and cymene. Chemometric Target Factor Analysis (TFA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) of chemistry and sensory data was used to deduce chemical drivers of sensory perceptions. The chemometric strategy used showed that headspace analysis is a complementary screening tool to sensory analysis in classification studies. This study is generic with applications across various product sectors that require routine human sensory panel evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G McAdam
- McAdam Scientific Ltd., 50 Leigh Road, Eastleigh, SO509DT, UK.
| | - J Tetteh
- DiKnow Ltd., 84 Rushdean Road, Rochester, Kent, ME2 2QB, United Kingdom
| | - L Bishop
- Research and Development, British American Tobacco Investments Ltd., Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - H Digard
- Research and Development, British American Tobacco Investments Ltd., Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - J Cote
- Research and Development, British American Tobacco Investments Ltd., Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - S Lubbe
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - C Liu
- Research and Development, British American Tobacco Investments Ltd., Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brown J, Lambert M, Lubbe S, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E. IMPROVEMENTS IN INJURY PREVENTION BEHAVIOURS OF RUGBY UNION PLAYERS ASSOCIATED WITH BOKSMART INTERVENTION PROGRAMME. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Brown J, Lubbe S, Lambert M, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BOKSMART INTERVENTION: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION AND PERCEPTIONS AND INJURY PREVENTION BEHAVIOUR IN RUGBY UNION PLAYERS. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
6
|
Theodoratou E, Campbell H, Tenesa A, Houlston R, Webb E, Lubbe S, Broderick P, Gallinger S, Croitoru EM, Jenkins MA, Win AK, Cleary SP, Koessler T, Pharoah PD, Küry S, Bézieau S, Buecher B, Ellis NA, Peterlongo P, Offit K, Aaltonen LA, Enholm S, Lindblom A, Zhou XL, Tomlinson IP, Moreno V, Blanco I, Capellà G, Barnetson R, Porteous ME, Dunlop MG, Farrington SM. A large-scale meta-analysis to refine colorectal cancer risk estimates associated with MUTYH variants. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1875-84. [PMID: 21063410 PMCID: PMC3008602 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Defective DNA repair has a causal role in hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC). Defects in the base excision repair gene MUTYH are responsible for MUTYH-associated polyposis and CRC predisposition as an autosomal recessive trait. Numerous reports have suggested MUTYH mono-allelic variants to be low penetrance risk alleles. We report a large collaborative meta-analysis to assess and refine CRC risk estimates associated with bi-allelic and mono-allelic MUTYH variants and investigate age and sex influence on risk. Methods: MUTYH genotype data were included from 20 565 cases and 15 524 controls. Three logistic regression models were tested: a crude model; adjusted for age and sex; adjusted for age, sex and study. Results: All three models produced very similar results. MUTYH bi-allelic carriers demonstrated a 28-fold increase in risk (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.95–115). Significant bi-allelic effects were also observed for G396D and Y179C/G396D compound heterozygotes and a marginal mono-allelic effect for variant Y179C (odds ratio (OR)=1.34; 95% CI: 1.00–1.80). A pooled meta-analysis of all published and unpublished datasets submitted showed bi-allelic effects for MUTYH, G396D and Y179C (OR=10.8, 95% CI: 5.02–23.2; OR=6.47, 95% CI: 2.33–18.0; OR=3.35, 95% CI: 1.14–9.89) and marginal mono-allelic effect for variants MUTYH (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.00–1.34) and Y179C alone (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.01–1.77). Conclusions: Overall, this large study refines estimates of disease risk associated with mono-allelic and bi-allelic MUTYH carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Theodoratou
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group and Academic Coloproctology, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Webb E, Broderick P, Chandler I, Lubbe S, Penegar S, Tomlinson IPM, Houlston RS. Comprehensive analysis of common mitochondrial DNA variants and colorectal cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:2088-93. [PMID: 19050702 PMCID: PMC2607223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of cancer. To test the hypothesis that common mtDNA variation influences the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), we genotyped 132 tagging mtDNA variants in a sample of 2854 CRC cases and 2822 controls. The variants examined capture approximately 80% of mtDNA common variation (excluding the hypervariable D-loop). We first tested for single marker associations; the strongest association detected was with A5657G (P=0.06). Overall the distribution of association P-values was consistent with a null distribution. Next, we classified individuals into the nine common European haplogroups and compared their distribution in cases and controls. This analysis also provided no evidence of an association between mitochondrial variation and CRC risk. In conclusion, our results provide little evidence that mitochondrial genetic background plays a role in modifying an individual's risk of developing CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Webb
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Penegar S, Wood W, Lubbe S, Chandler I, Broderick P, Papaemmanuil E, Sellick G, Gray R, Peto J, Houlston R. National study of colorectal cancer genetics. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1305-9. [PMID: 17895893 PMCID: PMC2360468 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately, a third of all colorectal cancer (CRC) is due to inherited susceptibility. However, high-risk mutations in APC, the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, MUTYH/MYH, SMAD4, ALK3 and STK11/LKB1 are rare and account for <5% of cases. Much of the remaining variation in genetic risk is likely to be explained by combinations of more common gene variants that modestly increase risk. Reliable identification of such 'low penetrance' alleles would provide insight into the aetiology of CRC and might highlight potential therapeutic and preventative interventions. In 2003, the National Study of Colorectal Cancer Genetics (NSCCG) was established with the aim of collecting DNA and clinicopathological data from 20,000 CRC cases and a series of spouse/partner controls, thereby creating a unique resource for identifying low-penetrance CRC susceptibility alleles. The National Cancer Research Network (NCRN) adopted NSCCG onto its portfolio of trials and 148 centres in the United Kingdom (UK) are now actively participating. Over 8,700 cases and 2,185 controls have so far been entered into NSCCG. Our experience in developing NSCCG serves to illustrate how world-class DNA databases for genetic analyses can be rapidly developed in the United Kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Penegar
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - W Wood
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - S Lubbe
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - I Chandler
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - P Broderick
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - E Papaemmanuil
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - G Sellick
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - R Gray
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Peto
- Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
| | - R Houlston
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The published literature from 2004 on mental disorders in jails and prisons was reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS A number of important studies on prisoner suicide, older prisoners, prison medical services and inmate mental health are highlighted, which provide useful potential interventions to improve the care of mentally ill prisoners. Relevant pieces on ethical issues are also discussed. SUMMARY Despite increasing prison populations worldwide and robust evidence that serious mental disorders are common in inmates in Western countries, many key issues in the treatment of mentally disordered prisoners remain unanswered. In addition, the evidence base on the nature and prevalence of mental disorders in prisoners in non-Western countries remains small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seena Fazel
- University of Oxford and Oxfordshire Mental Healthcare Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Theron CN, Lubbe S, Van Zyl A. Inhibitory effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on human myeloperoxidase. S Afr Med J 1979; 56:670-5. [PMID: 229574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase with an A420/280 ratio of 0,48 was prepared from normal human leucocytes. This partially purified preparation catalysed guaiacol oxidation, iodination of bovine serum albumin and de-iodination of 125I-thyroxine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen, indomethacin and flufenamic acid) showed a significant inhibitory effect on myeloperoxidase-catalysed iodination at concentrations of 10(-4)M and higher. Guaiacol also inhibited myeloperoxidase-catalysed iodination, and its iodination inhibition curve was nearly identical to that obtained with the anti-inflammatory drugs. At concentrations between 10(-3)M and 10(-7)M the antiinflammatory drugs had very little or no effect on thyroxine de-iodination. Flufenamic acid and indomethacin, however, inhibited de-iodination significantly at a concentration of 10(-2)M. It is postulated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may inhibit myeloperoxidase-catalysed protein iodination by acting as oxidizable cofactors which compete with other oxidizable substrates for oxidants formed by the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide complex. In view of this and because the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system may be involved in inflammatory tissue damage, the possibility should be considered that the action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is at least partly attributable to a radical scavenging effect or to sequestration of oxidants.
Collapse
|
11
|
Van Zyl A, Lubbe S, Potgieter A, Van Zyl J. The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antithyroid agents on myeloperoxidase-catalysed activities of human leucocytes. S Afr Med J 1979; 55:1082-7. [PMID: 89704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viable leucocytes obtained fresh from normal human subjects were shown to be able to catalyse the in vitro iodination of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a H2O2-generating system. The rate and degree of iodination were greatly improved by sonication of the cells. A balanced salt solution was a more favourable medium than phosphate buffer for the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalysed iodination of whole cells and sonicated cells. Reactions known to be catalysed by other peroxidases (e.g. thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and lactoperoxidase), such as inorganic iodide exchange for organic iodine in di-iodotyrosine (DIT) and the de-iodination of thyroxine (T4), were also catalysed by the sonicated leucocyte suspension in the system used. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin, flufenamic acid and naproxen were far less effective inhibitors of MPO-catalysed BSA iodination of sonicated leucocytes at concentrations expected in blood with therapeutic dose levels than was observed earlier with TPO-catalysed in vitro iodination of BSA. The antithyroid drug methylmercapto-imidazole (MMI) inhibited in vitro MPO-catalysed 131I delabelling of 131I-DIT at all concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-2)M, whereas 131I-T4 delabelling was markedly stimulated at the same drug concentrations. On the other hand, 125I incorporation into 131I-DIT was not affected by increased concentrations of MMI up to 10(-5)M. At higher drug concentrations the drug caused inhibition of MPO-catalysed exchange of inorganic iodide for organic iodine in DIT.
Collapse
|