1
|
Gettings SM, Timbury W, Dmochowska A, Sharma R, McGonigle R, MacKenzie LE, Miquelard-Garnier G, Bourbia N. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro- and nanoplastic particles affect the mitochondrial efficiency of human brain vascular pericytes without inducing oxidative stress. NanoImpact 2024; 34:100508. [PMID: 38663501 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of micro- and nanoplastic particles composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a significant contributor to plastic pollution, on human brain vascular pericytes. Specifically, we delved into their impact on mitochondrial functionality, oxidative stress, and the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, ferroptosis and mitochondrial functions. Our findings demonstrate that the exposure of a monoculture of human brain vascular pericytes to PET particles in vitro at a concentration of 50 μg/ml for a duration of 3, 6 and 10 days did not elicit oxidative stress. Notably, we observed a reduction in various aspects of mitochondrial respiration, including maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production in pericytes subjected to PET particles for 3 days, with a mitochondrial function recovery at 6 and 10 days. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number, or in the expression of genes linked to oxidative stress and ferroptosis, but an increase of the expression of the gene mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) was noted at 3 days exposure. These outcomes suggest that, at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, PET particles do not induce oxidative stress in human brain vascular pericytes. Instead, at 3 days exposure, PET exposure impairs mitochondrial functions, but this is recovered at 6-day exposure. This seems to indicate a potential mitochondrial hormesis response (mitohormesis) is incited, involving the gene TFAM. Further investigations are warranted to explore the stages of mitohormesis and the potential consequences of plastics on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and intercellular interactions. This research contributes to our comprehension of the potential repercussions of nanoplastic pollution on human health and underscores the imperative need for ongoing examinations into the exposure to plastic particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gettings
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - William Timbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Anna Dmochowska
- Laboratoire PIMM, CNRS, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Cnam, HESAM Universite, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Riddhi Sharma
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Rebecca McGonigle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Lewis E MacKenzie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier
- Laboratoire PIMM, CNRS, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Cnam, HESAM Universite, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nora Bourbia
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin J, Gettings SM, Talbi K, Schreiber R, Taggart MJ, Preller M, Kunzelmann K, Althaus M, Gray MA. Pharmacological inhibitors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator exert off-target effects on epithelial cation channels. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:167-179. [PMID: 36205782 PMCID: PMC9849171 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) play essential roles in transepithelial ion and fluid transport in numerous epithelial tissues. Inhibitors of both channels have been important tools for defining their physiological role in vitro. However, two commonly used CFTR inhibitors, CFTRinh-172 and GlyH-101, also inhibit non-CFTR anion channels, indicating they are not CFTR specific. However, the potential off-target effects of these inhibitors on epithelial cation channels has to date not been addressed. Here, we show that both CFTR blockers, at concentrations routinely employed by many researchers, caused a significant inhibition of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) that was time-dependent, poorly reversible and independent of CFTR. Patch clamp experiments showed that both CFTRinh-172 and GlyH-101 caused a significant block of Orai1-mediated whole cell currents, establishing that they likely reduce SOCE via modulation of this Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. In addition to off-target effects on calcium channels, both inhibitors significantly reduced human αβγ-ENaC-mediated currents after heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes, but had differential effects on δβγ-ENaC function. Molecular docking identified two putative binding sites in the extracellular domain of ENaC for both CFTR blockers. Together, our results indicate that caution is needed when using these two CFTR inhibitors to dissect the role of CFTR, and potentially ENaC, in physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JinHeng Lin
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Sean M. Gettings
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael J. Taggart
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Matthias Preller
- grid.425058.e0000 0004 0473 3519Department of Natural Sciences/Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Structural Biology Group, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mike Althaus
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK ,grid.425058.e0000 0004 0473 3519Present Address: Department of Natural Sciences /Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Ion Transport Physiology Group, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael A. Gray
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gettings SM, Maxeiner S, Tzika M, Cobain MRD, Ruf I, Benseler F, Brose N, Krasteva-Christ G, Vande Velde G, Schönberger M, Althaus M. Corrigendum to: Two Functional Epithelial Sodium Channel Isoforms Are Present in Rodents despite Pronounced Evolutionary Pseudogenization and Exon Fusion. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6460366. [PMID: 34897515 PMCID: PMC8861876 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
4
|
Gettings SM, Maxeiner S, Tzika M, Cobain MRD, Ruf I, Benseler F, Brose N, Krasteva-Christ G, Vande Velde G, Schönberger M, Althaus M. Two functional epithelial sodium channel isoforms are present in rodents despite pronounced evolutionary pseudogenisation and exon fusion. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:5704-5725. [PMID: 34491346 PMCID: PMC8662647 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in salt and water homeostasis in
tetrapod vertebrates. There are four ENaC subunits (α, β, γ, δ), forming heterotrimeric
αβγ- or δβγ-ENaCs. Although the physiology of αβγ-ENaC is well understood, for decades the
field has stalled with respect to δβγ-ENaC due to the lack of mammalian model organisms.
The SCNN1D gene coding for δ-ENaC was previously believed to be absent in
rodents, hindering studies using standard laboratory animals. We analyzed all currently
available rodent genomes and discovered that SCNN1D is present in rodents
but was independently lost in five rodent lineages, including the Muridae (mice and rats).
The independent loss of SCNN1D in rodent lineages may be constrained by
phylogeny and taxon-specific adaptation to dry habitats, however habitat aridity does not
provide a selection pressure for maintenance of SCNN1D across Rodentia. A
fusion of two exons coding for a structurally flexible region in the extracellular domain
of δ-ENaC appeared in the Hystricognathi (a group that includes guinea pigs). This
conserved pattern evolved at least 41 Ma and represents a new autapomorphic feature for
this clade. Exon fusion does not impair functionality of guinea pig (Cavia
porcellus) δβγ-ENaC expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Electrophysiological characterization at the whole-cell and single-channel level revealed
conserved biophysical features and mechanisms controlling guinea pig αβγ- and δβγ-ENaC
function as compared with human orthologs. Guinea pigs therefore represent commercially
available mammalian model animals that will help shed light on the physiological function
of δ-ENaC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gettings
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Maxeiner
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maria Tzika
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R D Cobain
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Ruf
- Division of Messel Research and Mammalogy, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fritz Benseler
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Krasteva-Christ
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Schönberger
- Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mike Althaus
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|