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Dlamini SB, Saunders CJ, Laguette MJN, Gibbon A, Gamieldien J, Collins M, September AV. Application of an in silico approach identifies a genetic locus within ITGB2, and its interactions with HSPG2 and FGF9, to be associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2098-2108. [PMID: 36680346 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2171906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We developed a Biomedical Knowledge Graph model that is phenotype and biological function-aware through integrating knowledge from multiple domains in a Neo4j, graph database. All known human genes were assessed through the model to identify potential new risk genes for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Genes were prioritised and explored in a case-control study comparing participants with ACL ruptures (ACL-R), including a sub-group with non-contact mechanism injuries (ACL-NON), to uninjured control individuals (CON). After gene filtering, 3376 genes, including 411 genes identified through previous whole exome sequencing, were found to be potentially linked to AT and ACL ruptures. Four variants were prioritised: HSPG2:rs2291826A/G, HSPG2:rs2291827G/A, ITGB2:rs2230528C/T and FGF9:rs2274296C/T. The rs2230528 CC genotype was over-represented in the CON group compared to ACL-R (p < 0.001) and ACL-NON (p < 0.001) and the TT genotype and T allele were over-represented in the ACL-R group and ACL-NON compared to CON (p < 0.001) group. Several significant differences in distributions were noted for the gene-gene interactions: (HSPG2:rs2291826, rs2291827 and ITGB2:rs2230528) and (ITGB2:rs2230528 and FGF9:rs2297429). This study substantiates the efficiency of using a prior knowledge-driven in silico approach to identify candidate genes linked to tendon and ACL injuries. Our biomedical knowledge graph identified and, with further testing, highlighted novel associations of the ITGB2 gene which has not been explored in a genetic case control association study, with ACL rupture risk. We thus recommend a multistep approach including bioinformatics in conjunction with next generation sequencing technology to improve the discovery potential of genomics technologies in musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries.HighlightsA biomedical knowledge graph was modelled for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries to efficiently identify candidate genes for genetic susceptibility analyses.The biomedical knowledge graph and sequencing data identified potential biologically relevant variants to explore susceptibility to common tendon and ligament injuries. Specifically genetic variants within the ITGB2 and FGF9 genes were associated with ACL risk.Novel allele combinations (HSPG2-ITGB2 and ITGB2-FGF9) showcase the potential effect of ITGB2 in influencing risk of ACL rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senanile B Dlamini
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Health through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Newlands, South Africa
| | - Colleen J Saunders
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary-Jessica N Laguette
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Health through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Newlands, South Africa
| | - Andrea Gibbon
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Junaid Gamieldien
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Health through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Newlands, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Health through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Newlands, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
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Mkumbuzi NS, Dlamini SB, Chibhabha F, Govere FM. Injury, illness, and medication use surveillance during the 2020 COSAFA Women's championship: a prospective cohort study of football players from Southern Africa. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023; 7:74-80. [PMID: 36815605 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1971745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic analyses of injuries, illnesses or medication use and their risk factors among female African athletes are scarce, which has implications for management of these athletes. AIM This prospective cohort study analysed the incidence and characteristics of injuries, illnesses and medication use during the 2020 COSAFA Women's Championship. METHODS The medical personnel of all participating teams reported all new injuries, illnesses and medication used by players daily. RESULTS Sixty-three injuries were reported: 45 match and 18 training injuries; 45.5 (95% CI: 32.2 to 58.8) injuries/1000 match-hours and 21.7 (95% CI: 11.7 to 31.7) injuries/1000 training-hours, respectively. Most (n = 55, 87%) were caused by contact with another player and involved the lower extremity (n = 43; 68%). Fifty-eight illnesses were reported: 44.4 (95% CI: 33.0 to 58.8) illnesses/1000 player-days, mostly diarrhoea (n = 25; 43.1%) and dysmenorrhoea (n = 18; 31%). No cases of COVID-19 were reported. In total, 175 medications were prescribed: 168.8 (95% CI: 143.8 to 193.8) medications/1000 player-days. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n = 60; 34.3%) and analgesics (n = 33; 18.9%) were the most commonly prescribed drugs. CONCLUSION Incidences of injury and illnesses were high but time loss was low, likely due to high NSAIDs use. Further studies should be conducted in order to inform appropriate prevention or management protocols in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla S Mkumbuzi
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sports Research Centre(HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.,African Evaluation and Research Development, Johannesburg
| | - Senanile B Dlamini
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sports Research Centre(HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Fidelis Chibhabha
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The menstrual cycle is a normal biological process in women and girls. However, it is often the reason why they tend to be excluded from football medicine research. Consequently, our understanding of the menstrual cycle and football performance is still limited, especially in African women football players. AIM The study aimed to explore African women football players' current and historical menstrual cycle status, menstrual symptoms, lived experiences, and perceptions of the menstrual cycle. METHODS Women football players at the COSAFA Women's Championship 2020 completed demographic questionnaires and the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. RESULTS The main findings were that 90% of the players did not use contraceptives, . Most of the players had access to their preferred choice of sanitary product; however, 36% used alternatives such as old rags during their periods, . The most commonly reported symptoms during menses were abdominal cramps (53%), headache (41%), mood swings (41%) and irritability (47%). Further, players reported irritability (48%), mood swings (52%), and breast tenderness (48%) in the week before their period. CONCLUSION The low use of contraceptives is likely due to community level socio-cultural factors. While the use of old rags as impromptu sanitary products is likely because they cannot always afford their preferred choice. Menstrual symptoms can affect training and competition; therefore, team support personnel should be aware of the menstrual cycle's implications for African women football players and their effect on athletic performance and well-being. Additionally, team support personnel ought to be mindful of African women football players' socio-economic and religio-cultural contexts and their interaction with biological processes such as the menstrual cycle and contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla S Mkumbuzi
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,African Evaluation and Research Development, Johannesburg
| | - Senanile B Dlamini
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fidelis Chibhabha
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Lucinda Manda-Taylor
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
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Abstract
AIM To describe the condom use practices of high school students, compare the beliefs of students who used condoms with those who did not, investigate gender differences in condom use and identify factors that prevent condom use. METHOD Cross sectional descriptive study of sexually active grade 10 students at 28 rural high schools who completed a self-reporting structured questionnaire. RESULTS Of n = 353 students, mean age 17.50 y (SD 1.40), n = 249 (70.5%) males and n = 104 (29.5%) females (p < 0.005), n = 136 (38.5%) had used a condom at last sex. Students who used condoms differed from non-condom users in their beliefs that use of condoms did not imply lack of trust (p = 0.03), supported girls' requesting that their partners use condoms (p = 0.002), perceived greater social support (p < 0.005), and had more self-efficacy (p < 0.005). In the model, condom use at last sex was significantly associated with males (p = 0.03), age at first sex (p = 0.02), knowing a person infected with HIV/AIDS (p = 0.03), and condom use self-efficacy (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The low rate of condom use amongst these students during the AIDS epidemic is influenced by students' condom use self-efficacy, emphasizing the need for skills' training. The increasing mortality due to HIV/AIDS may be a cue that encourages condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taylor
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Taylor M, Dlamini SB, Kagoro H, Jinabhai CC, de Vries H. Understanding high school students' risk behaviors to help reduce the HIV/AIDS epidemic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Sch Health 2003; 73:97-100. [PMID: 12677727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb03580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Of 901 rural learners (X age 16.1, SD = 2.4) at 10 randomly selected high schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, those living with a parent were less likely to drink alcohol (P < 0.0001) or use drugs (P = 0.006). Thirty percent (95% CI 26.9, 33.1) were sexually active, and 53.1% used a condom in the past 30 days. The odds of males being sexually active was 7.27 the likelihood of females (95% CI 5.2, 10.1). Only one-third of male respondents always used condoms. Of sexually active respondents, 46.5% had experienced coercive sex. More males (14.1%) than females (3.6%) smoked cigarettes (P < 0.0001). The odds of males drinking alcohol was 4.5 times that of females (P < 0.0001). Smoking, (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.32, 4.44) and drinking, (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.71, 4.19) among learners increased the likelihood of sexual activity. With youth at increasing risk of HIV/AIDS in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, interventions to reduce learners' risk behaviors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taylor
- Dept. of Community Health, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Private Bag 7, Congella, 4013, University of Natal, South Africa.
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Taylor M, Jinabhai CC, Naidoo K, Kleinschmidt I, Dlamini SB. An epidemiological perspective of substance use among high school pupils in rural KwaZulu-Natal. S Afr Med J 2003; 93:136-40. [PMID: 12640886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate prevalence and the factors influencing substance use among rural high school pupils in KwaZulu-Natal in order to develop and implement intervention programmes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Twenty-eight high schools in southern KwaZulu-Natal. SUBJECTS One thousand three hundred and eighteen grade 10 pupils. OUTCOME MEASURES An anonymous self-reporting questionnaire was used to investigate the use of alcohol, tobacco (cigarettes), cannabis and solvents. RESULTS Of the male scholars, 52.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.4-60.3) reported ever using alcohol, 16.9% (CI: 11.5-24.0) reported using cannabis, and 13.1% (CI: 7.2-22.5) had smoked more than one cigarette daily. Among male pupils 45.5% (CI: 38.6-52.6) had inhaled benzine and 34.6% (CI: 28.0-41.8), thinners; 7.4% (CI: 3.4-15.2) had used cocaine and 4.1% (CI: 1.0-10.6), crack. Female pupils reported significantly less use of alcohol (25.5%, CI: 17.6-35.3), cannabis (2.3%, CI: 1.3-4.1), cigarettes (more than one daily) (2.0%, CI: 1.0-4.1), and inhalation of benzine (18.8%, CI: 13.8-25.2) and thinners (10.8%, CI: 7.2-16). Logistical regression indicated that the odds of smoking cigarettes increased significantly (p < 0.0005) with use of the other substances. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirm the prevalence of multi-substance use among pupils at the majority of rural high schools in this district and the need for targeted interventions to reduce/prevent this.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taylor
- Department of Community Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban
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