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Kim JH, Choi M, Kim SW, Park KH. Clinical Factors, Treatment Selection, and Outcomes in Postcataract Fungal Endophthalmitis from Contaminated Viscoelastics. Ophthalmol Retina 2024; 8:473-480. [PMID: 37989464 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the factors associated with treatment outcomes of postcataract surgery fungal endophthalmitis outbreaks related to contaminated viscoelastics. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of clinical data from multiple institutions. SUBJECTS This study included 228 eyes of 210 patients who were diagnosed with postcataract surgery fungal endophthalmitis related to the use of viscoelastic material (Unial, Unimed Pharmaceutical Inc); they were followed up for 6 months after the diagnosis. METHODS Clinical features and causative species were identified and treatment outcomes were analyzed in patients who underwent 6 months of follow-up. Propensity score matching was conducted to elucidate the impact of vitrectomy timing and intraocular lens (IOL) removal on treatment outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical factors and selection of treatment modalities associated with treatment outcomes at 6 months. RESULTS Baseline visual acuity (P < 0.01), age (P = 0.05), and the presence of corneal edema (P < 0.01) were closely associated with poor best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months. Patients who underwent immediate vitrectomy after diagnosis showed significantly better BCVA at 6 months (mean logarithm of minimum angle of resolution 0.26 ± 0.43 vs. 0.52 ± 0.52, P = 0.03) and greater degree of visual improvement (mean -0.17 ± 0.37 improvement vs. 0.10 ± 0.57 deterioration, P = 0.03) than those who underwent deferred vitrectomy. Patients who underwent IOL removal during vitrectomy required a lower number of intravitreal antifungal agent injections (mean 8.9 ± 9.1 vs. 16.7 ± 12.2, P < 0.01) and showed a lower incidence of repeated vitrectomy (20% vs. 82%, P < 0.01) than in those without IOL removal. CONCLUSIONS In postcataract fungal endophthalmitis, prompt vitrectomy at the time of diagnosis resulted in better treatment outcomes, and IOL removal reduced the treatment burden. Prompt and aggressive surgical intervention should be considered for postcataract fungal endophthalmitis. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Choi KE, Kim S, Kim SW. Anatomical changes in idiopathic epiretinal membrane at 2-year follow-up assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomographic angiography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1465-1474. [PMID: 38117309 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate anatomical changes in the low-stage partial attachment-type idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) over 2 years. METHODS Data from patients with low-stage partial attachment-type iERM (stage 2) were analyzed. The main outcome measures were anatomical changes, including changes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel density (VD) in the vascular plexus, and thickness of retinal sublayers during the follow-up period. RESULTS Thirty patients (mean age: 68±12 years) were included in the study. The FAZ area on the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) significantly decreased from baseline (0.12±0.08 mm2) to month 24 (0.10±0.08 mm2, p=0.024). However, the FAZ area on the deep vascular plexus (DVP) did not significantly decrease from baseline (0.15±0.13 mm2) to month 24 (0.14±0.14 mm2, p=0.099). VDs on both the SVP and DVP did not show significant change from baseline (29.51±8.14% vs. 28.35±5.63%) to month 24 (29.79±9.77%, p=0.564 vs. 28.17±5.75%, p=0.417). Parafoveal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness decreased from baseline (108.77±13.61 μm) to month 24 (103.03±15.54 μm, p=0.004). The central total retinal layer thickness did not significantly change from baseline (396.07±64.86 μm) to month 24 (392.04±72.72 μm, p=0.570). CONCLUSION Even in low-stage ERM, inner retinal changes, including GCIPL thickness, occurred during follow-up periods, which might be owing to degenerative changes or centrifugal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungheon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea.
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Choi M, Han S, Kim SW, Yun C, Oh J. Volume-rendering three-dimensional image analysis of macular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1125-1132. [PMID: 38040962 PMCID: PMC11009274 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To visualize and investigate the three-dimensional (3D) images of macular neovascularization (MNV) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) according to the treatment response to intravitreal aflibercept injection (IVI). METHODS OCTA images at baseline and 12 weeks (after three loading IVIs) were retrospectively reconstructed as 3D images for patients with type 1 and 2 MNV treated with the "pro-re-nata" regimen. The fluid-free and persistent fluid groups were divided according to the presence of subretinal and intraretinal fluid at 12 weeks after treatment. Using reconstructed 3D images of MNV, the volume, average volume per slice, and z-axis of the volumetric structure were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-three and nine were classified into the fluid-free and persistent fluid groups, respectively. The MNV volume decreased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks in the fluid-free group (p = 0.005), not in the persistent fluid group (p = 0.250). The average volume of MNV per slice at 12 weeks correlated with the persistent fluid group in both the univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.034, p = 0.039, Exp [B] = 14.005). CONCLUSIONS This study may provide a perspective on vascular volumetric changes of MNV according to treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abbasi RU, Allen MG, Arimura R, Belz JW, Bergman DR, Blake SA, Shin BK, Buckland IJ, Cheon BG, Fujii T, Fujisue K, Fujita K, Fukushima M, Furlich GD, Gerber ZR, Globus N, Hibino K, Higuchi R, Honda K, Ikeda D, Ito H, Iwasaki A, Jeong S, Jeong HM, Jui CH, Kadota K, Kakimoto F, Kalashev OE, Kasahara K, Kawata K, Kharuk I, Kido E, Kim SW, Kim HB, Kim JH, Kim JH, Komae I, Kubota Y, Kuznetsov MY, Lee KH, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Lundquist JP, Matthews JN, Nagataki S, Nakamura T, Nakazawa A, Nonaka T, Ogio S, Ono M, Oshima H, Park IH, Potts M, Pshirkov S, Remington JR, Rodriguez DC, Rott C, Rubtsov GI, Ryu D, Sagawa H, Sakaki N, Sako T, Sakurai N, Shin H, Smith JD, Sokolsky P, Stokes BT, Stroman TS, Takahashi K, Takeda M, Taketa A, Tameda Y, Thomas S, Thomson GB, Tinyakov PG, Tkachev I, Tomida T, Troitsky SV, Tsunesada Y, Udo S, Urban FR, Wong T, Yamazaki K, Yuma Y, Zhezher YV, Zundel Z. An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array. Science 2023; 382:903-907. [PMID: 37995237 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest-energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting areas. In this work, we report the detection of an extremely energetic particle recorded by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment. We calculate the particle's energy as [Formula: see text] (~40 joules). Its arrival direction points back to a void in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Possible explanations include a large deflection by the foreground magnetic field, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete knowledge of particle physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Abbasi
- Physics Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M G Allen
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Arimura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - J W Belz
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D R Bergman
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S A Blake
- Stellar Science, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - B K Shin
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919, Ulsan, Korea
| | - I J Buckland
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B G Cheon
- Department of Physics and The Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - K Fujisue
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - K Fujita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Fukushima
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - G D Furlich
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Z R Gerber
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - N Globus
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - K Hibino
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - R Higuchi
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - K Honda
- University of Yamanashi, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - D Ikeda
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - A Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Jeong
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H M Jeong
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - C H Jui
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Kadota
- Department of Natural Sciences, Tokyo City University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - F Kakimoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - O E Kalashev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K Kasahara
- Shibauta Institute of Technology and Sicence, Fukasaku 307, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Kawata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - I Kharuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - E Kido
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Physics and The Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - I Komae
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - M Y Kuznetsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B K Lubsandorzhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J P Lundquist
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - J N Matthews
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Nagataki
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - A Nakazawa
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - T Nonaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Ogio
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Ono
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - H Oshima
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - I H Park
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Potts
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Pshirkov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J R Remington
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Martin Road, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - D C Rodriguez
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - C Rott
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University, Jang-an-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - G I Rubtsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919, Ulsan, Korea
| | - H Sagawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Sakaki
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - T Sako
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Sakurai
- Faculty of Design Technology, 3-1-1 Nakagaito, Daito City, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Shin
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - J D Smith
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Sokolsky
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B T Stokes
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T S Stroman
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Takahashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Taketa
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Y Tameda
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan
| | - S Thomas
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G B Thomson
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P G Tinyakov
- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, bvd du Triomphe CP225, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Tkachev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - T Tomida
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - S V Troitsky
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Udo
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - F R Urban
- The Central European Institute for Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Wong
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Yamazaki
- College of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Y Yuma
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Y V Zhezher
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Z Zundel
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Kim SW, Cho WK, Kim H, Park W. Reappraisal of an Adequate Negative Margin Following Breast Conservation Therapy in Young Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e186-e187. [PMID: 37784815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) This study aimed to examine the relationship between resection margin (RM) width and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). The current definition of an adequate negative margin was validated in young breast cancer patients (<40 years). MATERIALS/METHODS This study included 4,042 patients who underwent breast conservation therapy between 2006 and 2012. There were 595 women <40 years (14.7%). Re-excision to achieve a wider RM was not considered in patients with no ink on tumor. Systemic treatments were administered in 3,985 patients (98.6%). The impact of RM width on the incidence of IBTR was assessed using narrowly specified intervals (positive, >0 to <1 mm, 1 to <2 mm, 2 to <3 mm, and ≥3 mm). RESULTS A significant relationship was observed between RM width and incidence of IBTR. In young women, the 10-year cumulative incidence rates of IBTR were 21.6% for positive RM, 13.9% for >0 to <1 mm, 10.9% for 1 to <2 mm, 5.7% for 2 to <3 mm, and 5.8% for ≥3 mm (p <0.01). The corresponding incidence rates of IBTR in women ≥40 years were 8.6%, 8.0%, 4.4%, 2.7%, and 2.1%, respectively (p <0.01). The difference in the incidence of IBTR between each RM width interval increased over time, and the magnitude of the increment was greater in young women. RM width was the only risk factor for IBTR in young women. CONCLUSION The relationship between RM width and IBTR was definite in young women. Compared with women ≥40 years, young women might have long-term benefits from a wider RM than no ink on tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - W K Cho
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - W Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Cha S, Ahn J, Kim SW, Choi KE, Yoo Y, Eom H, Shin D, Goo YS. The Variation of Electrical Pulse Duration Elicits Reliable Network-Mediated Responses of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Normal, Not in Degenerate Primate Retinas. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1135. [PMID: 37892865 PMCID: PMC10604198 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the efficacy of electrical stimulation by comparing network-mediated RGC responses in normal and degenerate retinas using a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced non-human primate (NHPs) retinitis pigmentosa (RP) model. Adult cynomolgus monkeys were used for normal and outer retinal degeneration (RD) induced by MNU. The network-mediated RGC responses were recorded from the peripheral retina mounted on an 8 × 8 multielectrode array (MEA). The amplitude and duration of biphasic current pulses were modulated from 1 to 50 μA and 500 to 4000 μs, respectively. The threshold charge density for eliciting a network-mediated RGC response was higher in the RD monkeys than in the normal monkeys (1.47 ± 0.13 mC/cm2 vs. 1.06 ± 0.09 mC/cm2, p < 0.05) at a 500 μs pulse duration. The monkeys required a higher charge density than rodents among the RD models (monkeys; 1.47 ± 0.13 mC/cm2, mouse; 1.04 ± 0.09 mC/cm2, and rat; 1.16 ± 0.16 mC/cm2, p < 0.01). Increasing the pulse amplitude and pulse duration elicited more RGC spikes in the normal primate retinas. However, only pulse amplitude variation elicited more RGC spikes in degenerate primate retinas. Therefore, the pulse strategy for primate RD retinas should be optimized, eventually contributing to retinal prosthetics. Given that RD NHP RGCs are not sensitive to pulse duration, using shorter pulses may potentially be a more charge-effective approach for retinal prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Horang-I Eye Center, Seoul 07999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongseok Yoo
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (H.E.); (D.S.)
| | - Donggwan Shin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (H.E.); (D.S.)
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (J.A.)
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Chan YKS, Affendi YA, Ang PO, Baria-Rodriguez MV, Chen CA, Chui APY, Giyanto, Glue M, Huang H, Kuo CY, Kim SW, Lam VYY, Lane DJW, Lian JS, Lin SMNN, Lunn Z, Nañola CL, Nguyen VL, Park HS, Suharsono, Sutthacheep M, Vo ST, Vibol O, Waheed Z, Yamano H, Yeemin T, Yong E, Kimura T, Tun K, Chou LM, Huang D. Decadal stability in coral cover could mask hidden changes on reefs in the East Asian Seas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:630. [PMID: 37301948 PMCID: PMC10257672 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs in the Central Indo-Pacific region comprise some of the most diverse and yet threatened marine habitats. While reef monitoring has grown throughout the region in recent years, studies of coral reef benthic cover remain limited in spatial and temporal scales. Here, we analysed 24,365 reef surveys performed over 37 years at 1972 sites throughout East Asia by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network using Bayesian approaches. Our results show that overall coral cover at surveyed reefs has not declined as suggested in previous studies and compared to reef regions like the Caribbean. Concurrently, macroalgal cover has not increased, with no indications of phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on reefs. Yet, models incorporating socio-economic and environmental variables reveal negative associations of coral cover with coastal urbanisation and sea surface temperature. The diversity of reef assemblages may have mitigated cover declines thus far, but climate change could threaten reef resilience. We recommend prioritisation of regionally coordinated, locally collaborative long-term studies for better contextualisation of monitoring data and analyses, which are essential for achieving reef conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K S Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Y A Affendi
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P O Ang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M V Baria-Rodriguez
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Philippines
| | - C A Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A P Y Chui
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Giyanto
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Glue
- Fauna & Flora International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - H Huang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-Y Kuo
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V Y Y Lam
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Washington D.C., USA
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D J W Lane
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - J S Lian
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M N N Lin
- Fauna & Flora International, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Z Lunn
- Fauna & Flora International, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - C L Nañola
- University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao, Philippines
| | - V L Nguyen
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - H S Park
- Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suharsono
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Sutthacheep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S T Vo
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - O Vibol
- Department of Fisheries Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Z Waheed
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - H Yamano
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukaba, Japan
| | - T Yeemin
- Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Yong
- Reef Check Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - T Kimura
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network East Asia Region, Tokyo, Japan
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau
| | - K Tun
- Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network East Asia Region, Tokyo, Japan
- National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L M Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Song J, Jeong BS, Kim SW, Im SB, Kim S, Lai CJ, Cho W, Jung JU, Ahn MJ, Oh BH. Noncovalent antibody catenation on a target surface greatly increases the antigen-binding avidity. eLife 2023; 12:81646. [PMID: 37249578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are widely used for diagnosis and therapy. Given the unique dimeric structure of IgG, we hypothesized that, by genetically fusing a homodimeric protein (catenator) to the C-terminus of IgG, reversible catenation of antibody molecules could be induced on a surface where target antigen molecules are abundant, and that it could be an effective way to greatly enhance the antigen-binding avidity. A thermodynamic simulation showed that quite low homodimerization affinity of a catenator, e.g. dissociation constant of 100 μM, can enhance nanomolar antigen-binding avidity to a picomolar level, and that the fold enhancement sharply depends on the density of the antigen. In a proof-of-concept experiment where antigen molecules are immobilized on a biosensor tip, the C-terminal fusion of a pair of weakly homodimerizing proteins to three different antibodies enhanced the antigen-binding avidity by at least 110 or 304 folds from the intrinsic binding avidity. Compared with the mother antibody, Obinutuzumab(Y101L) which targets CD20, the same antibody with fused catenators exhibited significantly enhanced binding to SU-DHL5 cells. Together, the homodimerization-induced antibody catenation would be a new powerful approach to improve antibody applications, including the detection of scarce biomarkers and targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeop Song
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bin Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Wonki Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee KW, Kim SB, Lee JH, Kim SW. Cut-Off Value of Voluntary Peak Cough Flow in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Its Association with Severe Dysphagia: A Retrospective Pilot Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59050921. [PMID: 37241153 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Swallowing and coughing reflexes are both closely associated with airway protection. Peak cough flow (PCF) is associated with dysphagia in several neurogenic diseases. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between PCF and aspiration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and determine the cut-off value of PCF. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with PD who underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study and checked for PCF. A total of 219 patients were divided into an aspiration group (n = 125) and a non-aspiration group (n = 94). Results. Significantly lower PCF values were observed in the aspiration group compared to the non-aspiration group (132.63 ± 83.62 vs. 181.38 ± 103.92 L/min, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a PCF cut-off value of 153 L/min (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.648; sensitivity, 73.06%; specificity, 51.06%) was associated with aspiration in PD. Additionally, a univariate analysis showed that the male sex, lower body mass indexes, higher Hoehn and Yahr scales, and PCF values of ≤153 L/min indicated an increased risk of aspiration. Conclusions. Through a multivariate analysis, we demonstrated that a PCF value ≤153 L/min was associated with an increased risk of aspiration (odds ratio 3.648; 1.797-7.407), highlighting that a low PCF is a risk factor for aspiration in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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Kim DG, Joo K, Han J, Choi M, Kim SW, Park KH, Park SJ, Lee CS, Byeon SH, Woo SJ. Genotypic Profile and Clinical Characteristics of CRX-Associated Retinopathy in Koreans. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051057. [PMID: 37239417 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of Korean patients with retinal dystrophy associated with pathogenic variants of cone rod homeobox-containing gene (CRX). We retrospectively enrolled Korean patients with CRX-associated retinal dystrophy (CRX-RD) who visited two tertiary referral hospitals. Pathogenic variants were identified using targeted panel sequencing or whole-exome sequencing. We analyzed clinical features and phenotypic spectra according to genotype. Eleven patients with CRX-RD were included in this study. Six patients with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD), two with macular dystrophy (MD), two with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), and one with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were included. One patient (9.1%) had autosomal recessive inheritance, and the other ten patients (90.9%) had autosomal dominant inheritance. Six patients (54.5%) were male, and the mean age of symptom onset was 27.0 ± 17.9 years. At the first presentation, the mean age was 39.4 ± 20.6 years, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR) was 0.76 ± 0.90 in the better eye. Negative electroretinography (ERG) was observed in seven (63.6%) patients. Nine pathogenic variants were identified, including two novel variants, c.101-1G>A and c.898T>C:p.(*300Glnext*118). Taken together with the variants reported in prior studies, all variants within the homeodomain are missense variants, whereas most variants downstream of the homeodomain are truncating variants (88%). The clinical features of pathogenic variants within the homeodomain are either CORD or MD with bull's eye maculopathy, whereas variants downstream of the homeodomain cause more diverse phenotypes, with CORD and MD in 36%, LCA in 40%, and RP in 24%. This is the first case series in Korea to investigate the CRX-RD genotype-phenotype correlation. Pathogenic variants downstream of the homeodomain of the CRX gene are present as RP, LCA, and CORD, whereas pathogenic variants within the homeodomain are mainly present as CORD or MD with bull's eye maculopathy. This trend was similar to previous genotype-phenotype analyses of CRX-RD. Further molecular biologic research on this correlation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Geun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsic Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinu Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
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Choi KE, Cha S, Yun C, Ahn J, Hwang S, Kim YJ, Jung H, Eom H, Shin D, Oh J, Goo YS, Kim SW. Outer retinal degeneration in a non-human primate model using temporary intravitreal tamponade with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in cynomolgus monkeys. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 36603218 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acb085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective:The main objective of this study was to induce and evaluate drug-dose-dependent outer retinal degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys by application of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).Approach:Intravitreal temporary tamponade induced outer retinal degeneration with MNU solutions (2-3 mg ml-1) after vitrectomy in five cynomolgus monkeys. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), full-field electroretinography (ffERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were performed at baseline and weeks 2, 6, and 12 postoperatively. At week 12, OCT angiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry were performed.Main results:Outer retinal degeneration was observed in four monkeys, especially in the peripheral retina. Anatomical and functional changes occurred at week 2 and persisted until week 12. FAF images showed hypoautofluorescence dots, similar to AF patterns seen in human retinitis pigmentosa. Hyperautofluorescent lesions in the pericentral area were also observed, which corresponded to the loss of the ellipsoid zone on OCT images. OCT revealed thinning of the outer retinal layer adding to the loss of the ellipsoid zone outside the vascular arcade. Histological findings confirmed that the abovementioned changes resulted from a gradual loss of photoreceptors from the perifovea to the peripheral retina. In contrast, the inner retina, including ganglion cell layers, was preserved. Functionally, a decrease or extinction of scotopic ffERGs was observed, which indicated rod-dominant loss. Nevertheless, VEPs were relatively preserved.Significance:Therefore, we can conclude that temporary exposure to intravitreal MNU tamponade after vitrectomy induces rod-dominant outer retinal degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys, especially in the peripheral retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08373, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08373, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08373, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hachul Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkwan Shin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08373, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08373, Republic of Korea
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Choi M, Kim SW, Yun C, Oh JH, Oh J. Predictive role of optical coherence tomography angiography for exudation recurrence in patients with type 1 neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with pro-re-nata protocol. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:34-41. [PMID: 34992249 PMCID: PMC9829809 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the consecutive changes and predictive features for exudation recurrence in macular neovascularization (MNV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in type 1 neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). METHODS A total of 291 OCTA images in consecutive visit of 45 patients newly diagnosed with type 1 NMV and treated with three loading intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections (IVIs) and a pro-re-nata (PRN) therapy regimen were analysed. Quantitative features of OCTA included the MNV area, MNV length, total number of endpoints (open-ended vessels) and junctions (internal branching) using AngioTool. Two subgroups were divided according to exudation recurrence time from the third IVI (group 1: ≤3 months vs. group 2: >3 months). RESULTS The area, length, number of total junctions, and endpoints decreased during three loading IVIs and increased at exudation recurrence (all p < 0.05). In a subgroup analysis of consecutive OCTA images, the number of total endpoints increased at two months prior to exudate recurrence in group 2 (the late recurrence group, p = 0.020). A higher total number of endpoints of MNV at baseline were found to be related with group 1 (early recurrence, p = 0.020 and 0.012 in univariate and multivariate regression analyses). CONCLUSIONS The MNV with higher open-ended vessels at the lesion periphery at baseline might be expected to show earlier recurrence of exudation after loading IVIs. By observing the number of open-ended vessels in consecutive OCTA images, exudation recurrence could be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, 27, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahn SM, Yun C, Kim SW, Oh J. Changes on optical coherence tomography angiography and fluorescein angiography in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:1837-1844. [DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and fluorescein angiography (FA) and their correlation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) before and after intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAIs).
METHODS: In 43 treatment-naïve patients with nAMD, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in OCTA were morphologically and quantitatively analyzed before and after IAIs to determine whether they are correlated with leakage on FA or not. By combining CNV in OCTA and leakage in FA, lesions were characterized as three types: L+C+ (with both CNV and leakage), L-C+ (with CNV but without leakage), or L+C- lesion (with leakage outside CNV).
RESULTS: Before IAI, while 27 eyes had L+C+ lesion only, 16 eyes had both L+C+ and L-C+ lesions simultaneously. Tiny capillaries and anastomosis in CNV were more developed in L+C+ lesion, at 86.0% and 58.1%, respectively, relative to 9.3% and 9.3% in L-C+ lesions (P<0.001). After IAIs in 33 eyes, tiny capillaries and anastomosis were decreased in the lesions with cessation of leakage on FA (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). In quantitative analysis, neovascularization length and numbers of junctions and endpoints were also significantly decreased.
CONCLUSION: Leakage on FA is associated with CNV morphology in OCTA and remained so after IAIs. Therefore, by carefully assessing the morphological and quantitative changes of CNV in OCTA before and after treatment, activity of nAMD is expected even though CNV on OCTA is not completely matched with fluorescein leakage.
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Bae SA, Cha JJ, Kim SW, Lim S, Kim JH, Joo HJ, Park JH, Park SM, Hong SJ, Yu CW, Lim DS, Jeong MH, Ahn TH. Effect of an early invasive strategy based on time of symptom onset in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A limitation of the current guidelines of the timing of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for patients with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndrome is based on randomization time. So far, no study has reported the clinical outcomes of invasive strategy timing based on the time of symptom onset. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of invasive strategy timing from the time of symptom onset on the 3-year clinical outcomes of patients with NSTE myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods and results
Among 13,104 patients from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health, we evaluated 5,856 patients with NSTEMI. The patients were categorized according to symptom-to-catheter (StC) time (<48 h and ≥48 h). The primary outcome was 3-year all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was a 3-year composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, and hospitalization for heart failure. Overall, 3,919 (66.9%) patients were classified into the StC time <48 h group. This group had lower all-cause mortality than the StC time ≥48 h group (7.3% vs. 13.4%, p<0.001). The continuous association of StC time and risk of primary and secondary endpoints showed shorter StC time (reference: 48 h), and lower adjusted hazard ratio reduction was observed. In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of delayed ICA were older age, non-specific symptoms, no use of emergency medical services, no ST-segment deviation, chronic kidney disease, and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score >140.
Conclusion
Early invasive strategy based on the StC time improves all-cause mortality in patients with NSTEMI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bae
- Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Yongin , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J J Cha
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Kim
- Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Gwangmyeong , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Lim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Kim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Joo
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Park
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Park
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Hong
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C W Yu
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - D S Lim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Jeong
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Gwangju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Ahn
- Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Gwangmyeong , Korea (Republic of)
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Kang HG, Woo SJ, Lee JY, Cho HJ, Ahn J, Yang YS, Jo YJ, Kim SW, Kim SJ, Sagong M, Lee JJ, Kang M, Park HS, Byeon SH, Kim SS, Kang SW, Park KH, Lee CS. Pathogenic Risk Factors and Associated Outcomes in the Bullous Variant of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:939-948. [PMID: 35476957 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes between bullous and chronic variants of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). DESIGN Retrospective, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two eyes of 44 patients with bullous-variant CSC (bvCSC) and 97 eyes of 85 patients with nonbullous CSC. METHODS We conducted a national survey between September 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021, of members of the Korean Retina Society and obtained data of patients with bvCSC from 11 retinal centers. A comparator group comprised consecutive chronic CSC patients without bullous detachment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline demographics and patient characteristics were compared between groups. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with visual prognosis within the bvCSC group. RESULTS Compared with the nonbullous CSC group, the bvCSC group presented at a younger age (49 vs. 52 years; P = 0.047) and with more bilateral involvement (41% vs. 14%; P < 0.001). Systemic corticosteroid use was more prevalent in the bvCSC group, both in terms of any exposure (50% vs. 20%; P = 0.001) and long-term exposure (36% vs. 9%; P < 0.001). The bvCSC group had distinct imaging features (all P < 0.05): retinal folding (64% vs. 1%), subretinal fibrin (75% vs. 13%), multiple retinal pigment epithelium tears (24% vs. 2%), and multifocal fluorescein leakages with terminal telangiectasia (36% vs. 1%). Although bvCSC patients had worse vision at diagnosis (20/80 vs. 20/44; P = 0.003), treatment response was more robust (fluid resolution by final follow-up, 84% vs. 68%; P = 0.034) even with conservative management, resulting in similar final vision (20/52 vs. 20/45; P = 0.52). History of kidney-related (odds ratio [OR] 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-18.5; P = 0.045) and autoimmune/rheumatoid diseases (OR 25.4, 95% CI 2.8-195.0; P = 0.004) showed associations with the bvCSC group. Apart from vision at diagnosis (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.05-0.36; P < 0.001), a history of renal transplantation was most predictive of visual prognoses for bvCSC eyes (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.04-0.75; P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Bullous-variant CSC may be associated with pathogenic risk factors based on underlying medical conditions and systemic corticosteroid use. Poor vision at diagnosis and history of renal transplantation were associated with poor visual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Eye Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Translational Genome Informatics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Joo Cho
- Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sik Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejon, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sagong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Jung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minjae Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Eye Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Song Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Eye Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Eye Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Eye Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Woong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Eye Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim C, Cho JK, Yoon HS, Seo SW, Kim SW. UNICON: Uncertainty-Conditioned Policy for Robust Behavior in Unfamiliar Scenarios. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3189447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Vu QA, Seo HW, Choi KE, Kim N, Kang YN, Lee J, Park SH, Kim JT, Kim S, Kim SW. Structural changes in the retina after implantation of subretinal three-dimensional implants in mini pigs. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1010445. [PMID: 36248640 PMCID: PMC9561346 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal structural changes after subretinal implantation of three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes were investigated in a mini pig. Three types of electrode were implanted into the subretinal spaces of nine mini pigs: 75-μm-high 3D electrodes on a 200-μm-thick right-angled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate (group 1); a 140-μm-thick sloped PDMS substrate without electrodes (group 2); and a 140-μm-thick sloped PDMS substrate with 20-μm-high 3D electrodes (group 3). One mini pig was used as a control. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography (SD–OCT) images were obtained at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks post-surgery. Retinal specimens were immunostained using a tissue-clearing method 3 months post-implantation. The 75-μm-high 3D electrodes progressively penetrated the inner nuclear layer (INL) and touched the inner plexiform layer (IPL) 2 weeks post-surgery. At 6 weeks post-operatively, the electrodes were in contact with the nerve-fiber layer, accompanied by a severe fibrous reaction. In the other groups, the implants remained in place without subretinal migration. Immunostaining showed that retinal ganglion and bipolar cells were preserved without fibrosis over the retinal implants in groups 2 and 3 during the 12-week implantation period. In summary, SD–OCT and immunohistology results showed differences in the extent of reactions, such as fibrosis over the implants and penetration of the electrodes into the inner retinal layer depending on different types of electrodes. A sloped substrate performed better than a right-angled substrate in terms of retinal preservation over the implanted electrodes. The 20-μm-high electrodes showed better structural compatibility than the 75-μm-high 3D electrodes. There was no significant difference between the results of sloped implants without electrodes and 20-μm-high 3D electrodes, indicating that the latter had no adverse effects on retinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Anh Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hee Won Seo
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namju Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoo Na Kang
- Department of Medical Assistant Robot, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaemeun Lee
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hyun Park
- R&D Center for Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sohee Kim,
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Seong-Woo Kim,
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18
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Doo JG, Min HK, Choi GW, Kim SW, Min JY. Analysis of predisposing factors in unilateral maxillary sinus fungal ball: the predictive role of odontogenic and anatomical factors. Rhinology 2022; 60:377-383. [PMID: 35856790 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) is explained by aerogenic and odontogenic factors. We evaluated the predisposing factors, including intranasal anatomical and dental factors for increased diagnostic accuracy. METHODOLOGY In this study, 117 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for unilateral MSFB were included. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to analyze the presence of anatomical variations (anterior and posterior nasal septal deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB), infraorbital cell (haller cell), paradoxical middle turbinate, everted uncinate process and MS size). Dental factors including history of dental procedures and findings on CT scans were reviewed. RESULTS Anterior and posterior NSD toward non-affected side were significantly associated with the presence of FB. The presence of CB and infraorbital cell was higher in the non-affected side rather than in the lesion side. Compared to non-affected MS, FB-presence MS was shallower and had a larger height to depth ratio. The presence of dental history was significantly higher on FB-presence MS than non-affected MS. In multivariable analysis, posterior NSD toward non-affected side, dental history increased the aOR of MSFB, while the presence of CB and infraorbital cell decreased the aOR of MSFB. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of MSFB seems to be associated with ipsilateral odontogenic factors, followed by anatomic variations including posterior NSD toward non-affected side and absence of CB and infraorbital cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Doo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H K Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - G W Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Jang YW, Yoon Y, Maharjan R, Yi H, Jeong M, Hong SY, Lee MH, Kim SW, Kim JI, Yang JW. First Report of Pseudomonas cichorii Causing Bacterial vein necrosis on Perilla plants [ Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton.] in South Korea. Plant Dis 2022; 107:549. [PMID: 35700520 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0143-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) is the second most important upland crop and the third largest edible oil crop in Korea (Shin and Kim 1994). During a disease survey in Busan, Korea in September 2021, symptoms of vein necrosis were observed in perilla plants, with incidences of approximately 30% and 50% in two fields. Symptoms of spots on the perilla appeared as leaf dryness and spots with water-soaked blotches largely concentrated on the mid-veins of leaves. The lesions were initiated with water-soaked spots on the leaf or stem and gradually turned black or brown. Necrosis was also observed in the stems. A bacterium was isolated on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar from diseased leaf tissues that were surface-disinfected with 70% ethyl alcohol for 3-5 min and then washed with sterile water three times. Three pieces of sterilized leaf tissue (size: 0.5 × 0.5 cm) were mixed with 500 µL sterile water for 30 min, and then the suspension was serially diluted and spread on LB agar. Subsequently, isolates were cultivated on LB agar and King's Medium B agar (KMB) (Schaad et al. 2001), and they were predominantly cream-colored and circular bacterial colonies with undulated margins. The bacterial colonies on KMB displayed fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. The isolates were analyzed with the GEN III MicroPlate (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA), and all isolates were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii, a devastating plant bacterium that damages a wide range of host plants worldwide, including in South Korea (Hikichi et al. 2013; Ramkumar et al. 2015). To identify the species of the bacterial pathogen, genomic DNA of four isolates (BS4922, BS4167, BS4345, and BS4560) was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene and hrcRST gene were amplified with universal primers, 27F/1492R and Hcr1/Hcr2, and sequencing was then done (Patel et al. 2019). In the BLAST analysis, the 16S rRNA sequences (GenBank OM060656, OM275434, OM275435, OM275436) showed a 100% and 99% similarity to P. cichorii strains MAFF 302698 (AB724286) and P. cichorii strain Pc-Gd-4 (KU923373), respectively. Further, hrcRST gene sequences (GenBank OM143596, OM268864, OM268865, and OM268866) showed high similarity (>99%) with P. cichorii strain P16-51 (MG518230). A pathogenicity test of the four isolates was performed on 3 - 4 weeks old perilla plants by creating wounds with a needle on the lower leaves and stems, and then the plants were inoculated by spraying inoculum (108 CFU/ml). The plants that served as the negative control were wounded and sprayed with unsterilized water. The inoculated perilla plants were placed in a greenhouse at 28 ± 2oC , 80-85% relative humidity, and a natural photoperiod. The inoculation site began to show symptoms of water-soaked brown lesions. Disease symptoms such as leaf dryness, water-soaked blotches on the mid-vein of leaves, and necrosis on plant stems were observed in the inoculated plants 7-10 days after inoculation, whereas the plants of the negative control group did not show any symptoms. The bacteria were re-isolated from the diseased tissues of the plants, and DNA sequence analysis identified them as P. cichorii. Additionally, all isolates induced hypersensitivity reactions in tobacco and tomato leaves within 24 h after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cichorii infecting perilla in South Korea. The findings in this study will provide the basic information for the development of diagnostic tools and management measures against P. cichorii in perilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Woo Jang
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, , Southern Area Crop Science, 20, jeompiljae-ro, miryang, Korea (the Republic of), 50424;
| | - Youngnam Yoon
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Corp Productiong Technology Research Division, 20th, Jeompiljaero, Miryang, Korea (the Republic of), 50424;
| | - Rameswor Maharjan
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Crop Production Technology Research Division, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hwijong Yi
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Crop Production Technology Research Division, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - M Jeong
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Corp Productiong Technology Research Division, Miryang, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - S Y Hong
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Mirayang, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - M H Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - S W Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - J I Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- National Institute of Crop Science Muan, Bioenergy crop research Institute, 199 Muanro Cheonggye, Muan, Jeonnam, Korea (the Republic of), 58545;
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20
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Ahn J, Cha S, Choi KE, Kim SW, Yoo Y, Goo YS. Correlated Activity in the Degenerate Retina Inhibits Focal Response to Electrical Stimulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:889663. [PMID: 35602554 PMCID: PMC9114441 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.889663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal prostheses have shown some clinical success in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. However, even after the implantation of a retinal prosthesis, the patient’s visual acuity is at best less than 20/420. Reduced visual acuity may be explained by a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio due to the spontaneous hyperactivity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) found in degenerate retinas. Unfortunately, abnormal retinal rewiring, commonly observed in degenerate retinas, has rarely been considered for the development of retinal prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aberrant retinal network response to electrical stimulation in terms of the spatial distribution of the electrically evoked RGC population. An 8 × 8 multielectrode array was used to measure the spiking activity of the RGC population. RGC spikes were recorded in wild-type [C57BL/6J; P56 (postnatal day 56)], rd1 (P56), rd10 (P14 and P56) mice, and macaque [wild-type and drug-induced retinal degeneration (RD) model] retinas. First, we performed a spike correlation analysis between RGCs to determine RGC connectivity. No correlation was observed between RGCs in the control group, including wild-type mice, rd10 P14 mice, and wild-type macaque retinas. In contrast, for the RD group, including rd1, rd10 P56, and RD macaque retinas, RGCs, up to approximately 400–600 μm apart, were significantly correlated. Moreover, to investigate the RGC population response to electrical stimulation, the number of electrically evoked RGC spikes was measured as a function of the distance between the stimulation and recording electrodes. With an increase in the interelectrode distance, the number of electrically evoked RGC spikes decreased exponentially in the control group. In contrast, electrically evoked RGC spikes were observed throughout the retina in the RD group, regardless of the inter-electrode distance. Taken together, in the degenerate retina, a more strongly coupled retinal network resulted in the widespread distribution of electrically evoked RGC spikes. This finding could explain the low-resolution vision in prosthesis-implanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seong-Woo Kim,
| | - Yongseok Yoo
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Yongseok Yoo,
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
- Yong Sook Goo,
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Holanda DM, Kim SW. Impacts of weaning weights and mycotoxin challenges on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal and systemic health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:43. [PMID: 35413935 PMCID: PMC9006406 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at investigating the effects of mycotoxin challenge on the growth and physiology of nursery pigs with different weaning weights. Results At weaning, 10 pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and 90 pigs were assigned following a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 pigs per pen. Factors were: weaning weight (light: body weight, BW < 7.5 kg or heavy: BW > 9.0 kg); and dietary mycotoxins (supplementation of 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxins, 2.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol). All diets had titanium dioxide as an external marker at 0.5%. Growth performance and fecal score were recorded until pigs achieved 20 kg BW (light pigs average BW = 21.1 kg and heavy pigs average BW = 20.5 kg). Pigs were sampled for blood, ileal digesta, jejunal tissue and mucosa at 20 kg BW. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS. At weaning, light pigs had decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal interleukin-8, increased (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased (P < 0.05) α-diversity indexes of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. At 20 kg of BW, light pigs had decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G/F). Mycotoxins decreased (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G/F. Light pigs tended to have increased fecal score on d 0 (P = 0.080), d 10 (P = 0.069), and increased (P < 0.05) fecal score at 20 kg. Mycotoxins decreased the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen (P < 0.05). Light pigs had increased (P < 0.05) intestinal malondialdehydes and interleukin 8. Mycotoxins tended to increase (P = 0.060) intestinal tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusions Nursery pigs with light weaning weight were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and had impaired intestinal health due to weaning stress, whereas mycotoxins diminished the health and growth of nursery pigs regardless of weaning weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Holanda
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA.
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22
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Jeon YJ, Lee TH, Joo YH, Cho HJ, Kim SW, Park B, Choi HG. Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort. Rhinology 2022; 60:29-38. [PMID: 35157750 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by sinonasal inflammation that lasts longer than 12 weeks. Whether the effect of chronic inflammation caused by CRS on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is similar to its effect on other inflammatory disorders has not been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to demonstrate whether CRS patients have a higher prevalence of CVDs, including stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODOLOGY We compared the prevalence of various comorbidities between CRS and control participants through a case-control cohort study from 2002 to 2015 that included 514,866 participants. CRS (n=6,552) and control (n=26,208) participants who were over 40 years old were selected by matching age, sex, income, and area of residence at a 1:4 ratio. RESULTS A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of CRS for stroke and IHD. The HRs for stroke and IHD were significantly increased in CRS patients compared to controls after adjusting for obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. The HR of stroke was significantly higher in the absence of nasal polyps than in the presence of nasal polyps. The HR of IHD was significantly increased in the CRS group regardless of the presence of nasal polyps. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that CRS participants had a significantly higher prevalence of stroke and IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Joo
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - B Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - H G Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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Yoo SW, Kim C, Choi JW, Kim SW, Seo SW. GIN: Graph-Based Interaction-Aware Constraint Policy Optimization for Autonomous Driving. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3227862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Wook Yoo
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Choi
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi M, Yun C, Oh JH, Kim SW. FOVEAL MÜLLER CELL CONE AS A PROGNOSTIC OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY BIOMARKER FOR INITIAL RESPONSE TO ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT IN CYSTOID DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA. Retina 2022; 42:129-137. [PMID: 34334704 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of the foveal Müller cell cone structure on the anatomical and functional response to intravitreal bevacizumab treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema. METHODS In 93 treatment-naive eyes with center-involved cystic type diabetic macular edema, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans of baseline were retrospectively evaluated to determine the foveal Müller cell cone structure and prognostic features including length of disorganization in the retinal inner layers and ellipsoid zone disruption. The area and circularity of the foveal avascular zone of the superficial and deep capillary plexus 1 month after intravitreal bevacizumab treatment were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography. RESULTS Destruction of the foveal Müller cell cone structure and a large foveal avascular zone in the deep capillary plexus (mm2) correlated strongly with a poor anatomical response (CST > 250 µm) at 1 month after first intravitreal bevacizumab (Exp [B] = 29.444, P = 0.002 and Exp [B] = 12.419, P = 0.013, respectively). A destroyed Müller cell cone structure (P = 0.008) and length of ellipsoid zone disruption (P < 0.001) at baseline were associated with poor visual acuity at 1 month after the first intravitreal bevacizumab. CONCLUSION The foveal Müller cell cone structure correlates with the response to initial antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jong-Hyun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
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Cha S, Choi KE, Ahn J, Yoo M, Jeong Y, Kim SW, Goo YS. Electrical response of retinal ganglion cells in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinal degeneration porcine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24135. [PMID: 34921172 PMCID: PMC8683404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal prosthesis is regarded as the treatment for vision restoration in the blind with retinal degeneration (RD) due to the loss of photoreceptors. A strategy for retinal prosthesis is to electrically activate surviving neurons. The retina’s response to electrical stimulation in a larger RD model has not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated electrically evoked retinal responses in a previously validated N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced porcine RD model. Electrically evoked responses were evaluated based on the number of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) spikes via multichannel recordings. Stimulation pulses were applied to degenerative and wild-type retinas with pulse modulation. Compared to wild-type retinas, degenerative retinas showed higher threshold values of pulse amplitude and pulse duration. The rate of increase in the number of RGC spikes relative to stimulus intensity was lower in degenerative retinas than in normal retinas. In severely degenerated retinas, few RGCs showed electrically evoked spikes. Our results suggest that the degenerative porcine retina requires a higher charge than the normal porcine retina. In the early stage of RD, it is easier to induce RGC spikes through electrical stimulation using retinal prosthesis; however, when the degeneration is severe, there may be difficulty recovering patient vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Minsu Yoo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Yurim Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 08308, Korea.
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
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Choi M, Kim SW, Vu TQA, Kim YJ, Jung H, Shin D, Eom H, Kim YH, Yun C, Kim YY. Analysis of Microvasculature in Nonhuman Primate Macula With Acute Elevated Intraocular Pressure Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34932062 PMCID: PMC8709935 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate responses of macular capillary vessel area density (VAD) of superficial and deep retinal vascular plexuses to elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) in cynomolgus macaque monkeys using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In five general anesthetized male cynomolgus monkeys, the IOP was increased incrementally by 10 mmHg from baseline (10 mmHg) to 70 mmHg and then decreased back to 10 mmHg (recovery state). Structural OCT (30° × 30°) and OCTA (20° × 15°) centered on the macula were obtained at each IOP and 3, 15, and 30 minutes after recovery. En face images of the superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) were extracted, and VAD (%) compared with that at baseline was calculated. Results The VADs in the SVC and DVC at baseline and at 30 mmHg IOP were 34.96%, 34.15%, 35.38%, and 30.12%, respectively. The VAD plateaued until 30 mmHg; however, the VAD was affected more in the DVC than in the SVC (P = 0.008) at 30 mmHg. It showed a significant reduction at 40 mmHg (16.52% SVC, P = 0.006; 18.59% DVC, P = 0.012). In the recovery state, the SVC showed full retention of baseline VAD, but the DVC maintained VAD approximately 70% of that at baseline. Structural OCT showed hyperreflectivity in the nuclear layer, retinal swelling, and an undifferentiated ellipsoid zone from 50 mmHg. Conclusions Despite physiological autoregulation, perifoveal microcirculation was affected at high IOP ≥ 40 mmHg, especially in the DVC, which explains the pathological mechanism of macular vulnerability in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Que Anh Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hachul Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggwan Shin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Yun C, Kim YJ, Jung H, Eom H, Shin D, Kim SW. Normative Data of Ocular Biometry, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Electrophysiology Conducted for Cynomolgus Macaque Monkeys. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34757392 PMCID: PMC8590181 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present normative data of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, electrophysiological tests, and optical biometry conducted for cynomolgus monkeys. Methods Multimodal examinations were performed for 11 adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, weighing 2.6–7.5 kg, aged 45–99 months). A-scan biometry was performed to measure ocular biometry. OCT images were obtained at 30° and 55°. After the pupils were fully dilated, electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded with a commercial system using a contact lens electrode. Results All cynomolgus monkeys were males. The mean axial length was 17.92 ± 0.34 mm. The central total retinal layer (TRL) and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were 286.27 ± 18.43 and 234.73 ± 53.93 µm, respectively. The TRL and nerve fiber layer thickness was greater in the nasal than in other quadrants in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study circle in the macula. Peripheral TRL and ganglion cell complex thickness on the temporal outside the vascular arcades were lower than on the other sides. The peak latency of a-wave and b-wave in scotopic and photopic 3.0 ERG was 14.78 ± 1.00 and 32.89 ± 1.81 ms, and 12.91 ± 1.03 and 31.79 ± 2.16 ms, respectively. The n2 wave peak latency of VEP was 15.21 ± 8.07 ms. The a-wave peak latency of ERG and the n2 wave peak latency of VEP negatively correlated with age. Conclusions The normative ocular biometric, electrophysiological test, and OCT parametric data of cynomolgus monkeys could serve as reference values for further preclinical studies. Translational Relevance We present normative data of cynomolgus monkeys’ eyes, an adequate animal model for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hachul Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Dongkwan Shin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Purpose To analyze the effects on the uvea, including the pars plicata and ciliary muscle, and retina in normal porcine eyes after performing micropulse transslceral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) with the different energy levels, and conventional continuous wave transslceral cyclophotocoagulation. Methods MP-TSCPC was performed in a total of 15 eyes at the different energy levels of 60 J, 120 J, 180 J, 240 J, and 300 J, respectively. Continuous wave transslceral cyclophotocoagulation was performed in three eyes and the other three eyes were controls. The eyes were enucleated after a month following the laser treatment and the uvea and retina were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining. Results After MP-TSCPC 60 J, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ciliary muscle was increased, although there was no structural change in pars plicata. After MP-TSCPC 120 J, partial destruction of the ciliary epithelium was observed in pars plicata, and the retinal thickness was increased. After MP-TSCPC 240 J and 300 J, the structural destruction of the pars plicata and ciliary muscle was observed, and the expression of α-SMA and glial fibrillary acidic protein in pars plicata and the expression of α-SMA in ciliary muscle were increased. Conclusions Histologic changes in the uvea and peripheral retina were different based on the energy levels of MP-TSCPC. In particular, MP-TSCPC with low energy levels mainly affected the ciliary muscle, while MP-TSCPC with high energy levels affected both the ciliary muscle and pars plicata. Our results may imply a possibility of intraocular damage with MP-TSCPC in humans. Translational Relevance Based on our research, it is possible to infer the possibility of intraocular damage in humans according to the different levels of energy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi KE, Kim SW, Yun C, Oh J. MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF TYPE 1 MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION TRUNKS IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. Retina 2021; 42:494-502. [PMID: 34723899 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the morphological features of macular neovascularization (MNV) trunks at different layers using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS Type 1 MNV trunks in age-related macular degeneration were retrospectively evaluated at the sub-retinal pigment epithelium (subRPE) and sub-Bruch's membrane (subBM) layers. The detectability and location of the trunks were compared. MNV trunks at the subBM layer on OCTA b-scans were evaluated using a flow overlay. The correlations of the MNV trunk with OCTA and OCT parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Among the 63 included eyes, 27 showed core vessels at the subRPE layer and 52 showed MNV trunks at the subBM layer, which were connected with the MNV at the subRPE layer. The locations of the MNV trunks in each layer were different. MNV trunk types at the subBM layer were related to disease duration, distance from the large choroidal vessels, and MNV vessel density. The large choroidal vessel diameter was correlated with the MNV trunk diameter at the subBM layer. CONCLUSION MNV trunks at the subBM layer were detected more frequently than distal MNV trunks at the subRPE layer. MNV trunk features at the subBM layer may be related to disease duration and a large choroidal vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SY, Kim SW, Yun C, Eom Y. Effect of lens status and age on ultra-wide-field fundus autofluorescence in eyes with granular corneal dystrophy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 50:110-112. [PMID: 34668291 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Yeon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea Universiy Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsub Eom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea Universiy Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Oh JH, Yun C, Kim SW. Normative Data of Axial Length, Retinal Thickness Measurements, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Full-Field Electroretinography in Female, Wild-Type Minipigs. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 34605876 PMCID: PMC8496425 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to present normative data of optical coherence tomography (OCT), electrophysiological, and ocular biometry parameters and their correlation in minipigs. Methods Eighty-eight eyes of 44 minipigs underwent full-field electroretinogram (ERG) recording and ocular biometry. However, 10 eyes of 6 minipigs were excluded because of poor OCT image quality. The thickness of the retinal sublayers was measured on a vertical line at 5 locations with a 1 mm interval from the disc margin to the dorsal periphery and at 10 locations on the visual streak. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured in 15 eyes of 8 minipigs. Results All minipigs were female with a mean age and axial length of 13.83 ± 10.56 months and 20.33 ± 0.88 mm, respectively. The implicit time of the a-wave and b-wave in scotopic 3.0 ERGs was longer than that in photopic 3.0 ERG. The implicit time of the n2-wave and p2-wave in VEP was 25.67 ± 7.41 ms and 52.96 ± 10.38 ms, respectively. The total retinal layer (TRL) and nerve fiber layer (NFL) became thinner near the periphery. The inner retinal sublayers near the visual streak were thicker than those at other locations. Central TRL and NFL thickness on visual streak was 223.06 ± 23.19 µm and 74.03 ± 13.93 µm, respectively. The temporal TRL and NFL on the visual streak were thicker than those on the nasal side. Conclusions The normative electrophysiological and OCT parameters used in our study can be used as reference data in further pig studies. Translational Relevance This study presents normative data of minipigs, which are adequate animal models for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jong-Hyun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liang J, Kobayashi A, Shimizu Y, Ohno Y, Kim SW, Koyama K, Kasu M, Nagai Y, Shigekawa N. Fabrication of GaN/Diamond Heterointerface and Interfacial Chemical Bonding State for Highly Efficient Device Design. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2104564. [PMID: 34498296 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The direct integration of gallium nitride (GaN) and diamond holds much promise for high-power devices. However, it is a big challenge to grow GaN on diamond due to the large lattice and thermal-expansion coefficient mismatch between GaN and diamond. In this work, the fabrication of a GaN/diamond heterointerface is successfully achieved by a surface activated bonding (SAB) method at room temperature. A small compressive stress exists in the GaN/diamond heterointerface, which is significantly smaller than that of the GaN-on-diamond structure with a transition layer formed by crystal growth. A 5.3 nm-thick intermediate layer composed of amorphous carbon and diamond is formed at the as-bonded heterointerface. Ga and N atoms are distributed in the intermediate layer by diffusion during the bonding process. Both the thickness and the sp2 -bonded carbon ratio of the intermediate layer decrease as the annealing temperature increases, which indicates that the amorphous carbon is directly converted into diamond after annealing. The diamond of the intermediate layer acts as a seed crystal. After annealing at 1000 °C, the thickness of the intermediate layer is decreased to approximately 1.5 nm, where lattice fringes of the diamond (220) plane are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liang
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, 2145-2 Narita, Oarai, Ibaraki, 311-1313, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ohno
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Adamant Namiki Precision Jewel Co. Ltd., 3-8-22 Shinden, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 123-8511, Japan
| | - Koji Koyama
- Adamant Namiki Precision Jewel Co. Ltd., 3-8-22 Shinden, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 123-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Kasu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Nagai
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, 2145-2 Narita, Oarai, Ibaraki, 311-1313, Japan
| | - Naoteru Shigekawa
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Kim J, Ahn SM, Yun C, Kim SW, Oh J. Comparison of Indocyanine Green Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.9.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and the factors affecting the diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by OCTA and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Methods: The numbers and area of polyps, and the presence and area of a branched vascular network (BVN) as revealed by ICGA and OCTA, were retrospectively analyzed in 43 patients with active PCV. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the number of polyps matched between the two methods: group 1, equal number of polyps revealed by ICGA and OCTA; group 2, different number of polyps revealed by ICGA and OCTA. Results: In 43 PCV patients, the total number of polyps was 1.47 ± 0.83 in ICGA and 1.07 ± 0.91 in OCTA (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the polyp area was 0.27 ± 0.42 mm<sup>2</sup> in ICGA and 0.17 ± 0.15 mm<sup>2</sup> in OCTA (<i>p</i> = 0.023). BVN was found in 33 eyes (76.7%) by ICGA and 29 eyes (67.4%) by OCTA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The BVN area was 3.61 ± 2.59 mm<sup>2</sup> in ICGA and 2.74 ± 2.76 mm<sup>2</sup> in OCTA (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Central retinal thickness and central choroidal thickness were significantly greater in group 2 than group 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Subretinal fluid (SRF) (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) (<i>p</i> = 0.005) were significantly more prevalent in group 2 than group 1. Polyp height (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.042) were significantly greater in group 2 than group 1. Conclusions: OCTA is a supplementary diagnostic technique for detecting PCV. The presence of SRF and SHR, and large polyp height and diameter, were associated with the polyp detection rate of OCTA for PCV.
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Nam KT, Chung HW, Jang S, Hwang SY, Kim SW, Oh J, Yun C. GANGLION CELL-INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER THICKNESS IN EYES WITH NONEXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION OF DIFFERENT DRUSEN SUBTYPES. Retina 2021; 41:1686-1696. [PMID: 33411476 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to investigate the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in eyes with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS We classified eyes into four categories-pachydrusen, soft drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD), and soft drusen with SDD-and compared the baseline mean macular GCIPL thickness according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid and its change between groups. RESULTS We classified 53, 29, 36, and 34 eyes into the four categories, respectively. The mean GCIPL thickness values in the 3-mm area were 82.61 ± 9.54 µm for the pachydrusen group, 79.11 ± 10.26 µm for the soft drusen group, 77.72 ± 6.04 µm for the SDD group, and 71.63 ± 8.69 µm for the soft drusen with SDD group (P < 0.001). The soft drusen with the SDD group showed a greater change in GCIPL thickness (-2.50 ± 0.29 µm/year) in the 3-mm area as compared with the pachydrusen group (-0.18 ± 0.35 µm/year), soft drusen group (-0.55 ± 0.36 µm/year), and SDD group (-0.55 ± 0.37) (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The GCIPL thickness varied according to the type of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. The thinner baseline GCIPL and its greater change in eyes with soft drusen with SDD may suggest that these eyes are experiencing more prominent neuroretinal degeneration in the central 3-mm area than those in the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saevit Eye Hospital, Goyang, Korea; and
| | - Soon-Young Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Nam DH, Kim KG, Kim SW, Chung TY, Lee SJ, Park KH. Contrast, visibility, and color balance between the microscope versus intracameral illumination in cataract surgery using a 3D visualization system. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:927-931. [PMID: 33727461 PMCID: PMC8012958 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1825_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare image resolution and depth between the microscope versus intracameral illumination images during 3D heads-up cataract surgery. Methods: We collected 25 consecutive patients who had cataract surgery using the 3D viewing system. Based on bright, contrast, visibility, and color balance, the digital images (RGB color and three monochromes) extracted at the same point of the procedures were compared between the two illuminations. Results: Contrast values of green and blue channels except for red channel and visibility values of all three channels were higher in the intracameral illumination images than in the microscope images (P < 0.001, t-test). Color balance values of both green/red and blue/red were higher in the intracameral illumination images than in the microscope images (P < 0.001, t-test). Conclusion: The digital images in the digitally assisted cataract surgery were enhanced by using the intracameral illumination. Considering the contrast and color balance in the 3D cataract surgery, the intracameral illumination may be better than the microscope illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Dong Heun Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Kim W, Choi M, Kim SW. The Normative Retinal and Choroidal Thicknesses of the Rabbit as Revealed by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim YH, Chung YR, Oh J, Kim SW, Lee CS, Yun C, Lee B, Ahn SM, Choi EY, Jang S, Lee K. Demographic and Multimodal Imaging Features of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Korean Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Study - Report No. 2. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 28:436-443. [PMID: 33459094 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1872088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the demographic and multimodal imaging features of macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 in Korea and their relationship with visual acuity and the clinical stage.Methods: A retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Korea and the study included 84 patients. Demographic data and imaging data of fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), confocal blue-light reflectance (CBR), fluorescein angiography (FAG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were collected.Results: The Korean patients with MacTel type 2 were predominantly female (75%), and the mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.282 ± 0.280 at initial presentation. Most commonly presented signs were the loss of retinal transparency in fundus photographs (68.3%); increased autofluorescence in FAF (83.6%); increased blue reflectance involving the centre in CBR (68.0%); telangiectatic vessels in FAG (88.2%); and hyporeflective cavities in OCT (77.7%). The eyes diagnosed in the first half of the study period (2009-2014) showed a tendency to be diagnosed at more advanced severe stages than those diagnosed in the second half of the study period (2015-2019), using new severity scales based on FAG, FAF and OCT findings.Conclusion: The clinical features of MacTel type 2 in Korean patients assessed by newer imaging modalities suggest that Korean patients and the Caucasian-dominant population show similar presentations. This study showed that MacTel type 2 can be diagnosed in the earlier phase of the disease by using new imaging modalities and through better understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo-Ri Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human Barrier Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human Barrier Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Kim JT, Yun C, Cha S, Ahn J, Goo YS, Kim SW. An experimental pig model with outer retinal degeneration induced by temporary intravitreal loading of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea during vitrectomy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:258. [PMID: 33420119 PMCID: PMC7794530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop an outer retinal degeneration pig model induced by temporary intravitreal loading of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) during vitrectomy. In a preliminary experiment involving 5 mini-pig cases to determine the appropriate concentration of MNU, the vitreous cavity of each eye was filled with 4, 8, 10, 12, or 16 mg/mL MNU for 10 min, which was then replaced with a balanced salt solution. Multimodal examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and full-field electroretinography (ffERG) were obtained at baseline and week 2, week 6, and week 12. The retinal degeneration was classified according to the amplitudes of a dark adaptive (DA) 10.0 a-wave amplitude. The degree of moderate retinal degeneration was defined as DA 10.0 a-wave amplitude ≥ 10% and < 60% of baseline amplitude. The degree of severe degeneration was defined as DA 10.0 a-wave amplitude < 10% of baseline amplitude, noise, or flat signal. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed at week 12. The main experiments were conducted first with 10 cases of 5 mg/mL and later with 13 cases of 10 mg/mL. In the preliminary experiment, degree of outer retinal degeneration increased with MNU concentration. Use of 4, 8, 10, 12, and 16 mg/mL MNU showed no, moderate, severe, severe, and atrophic changes, respectively. In the main experiments, there were 9 cases of moderate retinal degeneration and 1 case of severe degeneration in 5 mg/mL MNU group. Two cases of moderate degeneration and 11 of severe degeneration were recorded in 10 mg/mL group. Mean thickness of total retina, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer decreased at week 2 in both groups. The mean amplitudes on ffERG decreased at week 2. The ffERG and OCT findings did not change from week 2 to week 6 or week 12. The results of staining supported those of ffERG and OCT. Temporal MNU loading in a vitrectomized pig-eye model induced customized outer retinal degeneration with changing the concentration of MNU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Choi KE, Anh VTQ, Seo HW, Kim N, Kim S, Kim SW. Ab-interno surgical technique for the implantation of a wireless subretinal prosthesis in mini-pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18507. [PMID: 33116246 PMCID: PMC7595207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to describe the surgical techniques required in the ab-interno method to implant subretinal prostheses in mini-pigs and suggest tips to facilitate optimal outcomes. During vitrectomy, the use of valved trocar cannulas was essential to stabilize the detached retina and implanted chip. As a first step in retinal detachment, a 23-gauge cannula with very small amount of viscoelastic material was used to establish the retinal hole and promote retinal detachment. Then, balanced salt solution was applied to increase the retinal detachment and diathermy was used to make opening for subretinal prosthesis. For easy positioning of the subretinal prosthesis, a curved laser probe was adopted when handling the subretinal prosthesis under the retina. After surgery, the sclerotomy sites were tightly sutured to prevent silicone oil leakage. Without special equipment, such as a 41-gauge tip, retinal detachment could be induced easily, while the prosthesis was also successfully inserted and manipulated under the retina without an iatrogenic retinal tear. Two weeks after the operation, the oil fully occupied the intraocular volume without leakage. The subretinal prosthesis remained stable without complication. Understanding the principle of the ab-interno method and considering several tips for improving surgical access may help to enhance surgical success rates of subretinal prostheses implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Eon Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vu Thi Que Anh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hee Won Seo
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Namju Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maesoon Im
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim YJ, Nam DH, Kim YJ, Kim KG, Kim SW, Chung TY, Lee SJ, Park KH. Light exposure from microscope versus intracameral illumination during cataract surgery. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 67:1624-1627. [PMID: 31546495 PMCID: PMC6786214 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_316_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate light exposure from microscope versus intracameral illuminations to patient's and surgeon's retina during cataract surgery. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients who had cataract surgery using microscope and intracameral illuminations. At the point of the ocular of an operating microscope, optical illuminance and irradiance from the microscope illumination (60, 40, 20% intensity) and the intracameral illumination (60% intensity) were measured using a light meter and a spectrometer at a pause after lens capsule polishing in cataract surgery. Results: Average illuminance (lux) was 1.46, 0.66, 0.27, and 0.1 from 60%, 40%, 20% intensity microscope illuminations and 60% intracameral illumination. Average total spectral irradiance (μW/cm2) was 1.25, 0.65, 0.26, and 0.03 from 60%, 40%, 20% intensity microscope illuminations and 60% intracameral illumination. Conclusion: Microscope ocular illuminance and irradiance during cataract surgery were higher in the microscope illumination than in the intracameral illumination. It suggests that light exposure reaching patient's and surgeon's retina during cataract surgery is lower in the intracameral illumination than in the microscope illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangneung Asan Medical Center, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dong Heun Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Kim SW, Jeon HR, Jung HJ, Kim JA, Song JE, Kim J. Clinical Characteristics of Developmentally Delayed Children based on Interdisciplinary Evaluation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8148. [PMID: 32424178 PMCID: PMC7235222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics of children suspected to have neurodevelopmental disorders and to present features that could be helpful diagnostic clues at the clinical assessment stage. All children who visited the interdisciplinary clinic for developmental problems from May 2001 to December 2014 were eligible for this study. Medical records of the children were reviewed. A total of 1,877 children were enrolled in this study. Most children were classified into four major diagnostic groups: global developmental delay (GDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental language disorder (DLD) and motor delay (MD). GDD was the most common (43.9%), and boys were significantly more predominant than girls in all groups. When evaluating the predictive power of numerous risk factors, the probability of GDD was lower than the probability of ASD among boys, while the probability of GDD increased as independent walking age increased. Compared with GDD and DLD, the probability of GDD was increased when there was neonatal history or when the independent walking age was late. Comparison of ASD and DLD showed that the probability of ASD decreased when a maternal history was present, whereas the probability of ASD increased with male gender. To conclude, the present study revealed the clinical features of children with various neurodevelopmental disorders. These results are expected to be helpful for more effectively flagging children with potential neurodevelopmental disorders in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - H R Jeon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - H J Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - J A Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - J-E Song
- Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
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Choi M, Kim SW, Yun C, Oh J. OCT Angiography Features of Neovascularization as Predictive Factors for Frequent Recurrence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 213:109-119. [PMID: 31954711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the features of neovascularization (NV) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) according to the treatment interval of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IVI). DESIGN Retrospective, interventional, comparative case series. METHODS Patients with type 1 NV treated with the "pro re nata" regimen after 3 loading IVI were classified into 2 groups based on the numbers of treatments during 12 months, specifically a stable group who required fewer than 2 injections and an unstable group who required more than 3 injections. Quantitative features of OCTA including NV area, NV length, NV density, endpoint density (open-ended vessels per unit length), junction density (vessel junction per unit length), lacunarity, and largest vessel caliber were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Among 71 eyes, 38 and 33 eyes were classified into the stable and unstable groups, respectively. The unstable group had higher endpoint densities (stable vs unstable: 2.72 vs 3.18; P = .03) and higher levels of lacunarity (0.177 vs 0.211; P = .028). The area, density, length of NV, junction density, and largest vessel caliber were not different between the 2 groups (P = .057, P = .184, P = .062, P = .160, and P = .473, respectively). Endpoint density was correlated with the unstable group in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .004, P = .002, respectively). A predictive model with an endpoint index demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.75% and a negative predictive value of 89.47% for the unstable group. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of NV in eyes of exudative age-related macular degeneration with type 1 NV were different according to treatment requirements. Identifying the features of NV on OCTA might be helpful for predicting clinical outcomes and optimal treatment intervals.
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Kim KE, Kim EJ, Park J, Kim SW, Kwon J, Moon G. Humeral shaft fracture and radial nerve palsy in Korean soldiers: focus on arm wrestling related injury. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 167:80-83. [PMID: 32276967 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humeral shaft fractures can lead to radial nerve injury and may require surgery and rehabilitation. We determined the causative events of humeral fracture, including arm wrestling, in young Korean soldiers and examined whether humeral fracture is related to demographic characteristics and the presence of radial nerve palsy. METHODS We reviewed 7.5 years (July 2012 to June 2019) of medical records covering patients who had experienced a humeral shaft fracture after entering military service and had received surgery for open reduction and internal fixation. Data were obtained on basic demographics, initial event provoking the fracture, presence of radial nerve palsy, initial and follow-up severity of the weakness, and any discharge from military service because of prolonged radial nerve palsy. RESULTS Of 123 cases, arm wrestling was the leading cause (52.8%). A high energy injury, such as falling from a height (11.4%), and sports related slips (10.6%) were other causes. All humeral shaft fractures caused by forceful contraction were spiral, while 40% of the fractures caused by external force related events were of a transverse type. The percentage of left-sided fractures was significantly higher for fractures arising from an external force than in those caused by forceful contraction related events. Radial nerve palsy was found in 34 patients (27.6%), and 16 were discharged from the military because of prolonged radial nerve palsy 6 months after the fracture. The causative events and other factors did not affect the presence of radial nerve palsy. CONCLUSION Arm wrestling was the leading cause of humeral fracture in young Korean soldiers but the chance of developing comorbid radial nerve palsy did not differ from that of other causes. These epidemiologic findings in this young active group may help in understanding the causes of humeral shaft fracture in soldiers and in the wider young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Eun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - E-J Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - G Moon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Oh LJ, Phan K, Kim SW, Low TH, Gupta R, Clark JR. Elective neck dissection versus observation for early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2020; 105:104661. [PMID: 32244173 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the seventh most common cancer globally, and has been identified as a growing health concern. This study aims to evaluate the current literature comparing elective neck dissection to observation in the treatment of early-stage tongue SCC, focusing on nodal recurrence, overall survival, disease specific survival statistics from randomised controlled trials comparing the two interventions. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a summary statistic. RESULTS From 8 studies, there was a total of 372 cases of recurrence, 98 (15.1%) in END group and 274 (41.5%) in the Observation group. There was a significantly lower rate of recurrence in the END group compared to observation (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.39, I2 = 54%, P < 0.00001). END was associated with higher overall survival rates when compared with observation (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.40-2.73, I2 = 14%, P < 0.0001). END was also associated with higher disease-specific survival compared with observation (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.21-2.93), I2 = 47%, P = 0.005), with no significant heterogeneity noted. CONCLUSIONS END was associated with significantly lower recurrence rates and higher overall and disease-specific survival compared to a conservative observation approach in early-stage oral SCC with clinically N0 neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Oh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - K Phan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S W Kim
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - T H Low
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Gupta
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - J R Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, Toppila-Salmi S, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Mullol J, Alobid I, Terezinha Anselmo-Lima W, Bachert C, Baroody F, von Buchwald C, Cervin A, Cohen N, Constantinidis J, De Gabory L, Desrosiers M, Diamant Z, Douglas RG, Gevaert PH, Hafner A, Harvey RJ, Joos GF, Kalogjera L, Knill A, Kocks JH, Landis BN, Limpens J, Lebeer S, Lourenco O, Meco C, Matricardi PM, O'Mahony L, Philpott CM, Ryan D, Schlosser R, Senior B, Smith TL, Teeling T, Tomazic PV, Wang DY, Wang D, Zhang L, Agius AM, Ahlstrom-Emanuelsson C, Alabri R, Albu S, Alhabash S, Aleksic A, Aloulah M, Al-Qudah M, Alsaleh S, Baban MA, Baudoin T, Balvers T, Battaglia P, Bedoya JD, Beule A, Bofares KM, Braverman I, Brozek-Madry E, Richard B, Callejas C, Carrie S, Caulley L, Chussi D, de Corso E, Coste A, El Hadi U, Elfarouk A, Eloy PH, Farrokhi S, Felisati G, Ferrari MD, Fishchuk R, Grayson W, Goncalves PM, Grdinic B, Grgic V, Hamizan AW, Heinichen JV, Husain S, Ping TI, Ivaska J, Jakimovska F, Jovancevic L, Kakande E, Kamel R, Karpischenko S, Kariyawasam HH, Kawauchi H, Kjeldsen A, Klimek L, Krzeski A, Kopacheva Barsova G, Kim SW, Lal D, Letort JJ, Lopatin A, Mahdjoubi A, Mesbahi A, Netkovski J, Nyenbue Tshipukane D, Obando-Valverde A, Okano M, Onerci M, Ong YK, Orlandi R, Otori N, Ouennoughy K, Ozkan M, Peric A, Plzak J, Prokopakis E, Prepageran N, Psaltis A, Pugin B, Raftopulos M, Rombaux P, Riechelmann H, Sahtout S, Sarafoleanu CC, Searyoh K, Rhee CS, Shi J, Shkoukani M, Shukuryan AK, Sicak M, Smyth D, Sindvongs K, Soklic Kosak T, Stjarne P, Sutikno B, Steinsvag S, Tantilipikorn P, Thanaviratananich S, Tran T, Urbancic J, Valiulius A, Vasquez de Aparicio C, Vicheva D, Virkkula PM, Vicente G, Voegels R, Wagenmann MM, Wardani RS, Welge-Lussen A, Witterick I, Wright E, Zabolotniy D, Zsolt B, Zwetsloot CP. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology 2020; 58:1-464. [PMID: 32077450 DOI: 10.4193/rhin20.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Guys and St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - P W Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Upper Airways Research Laboratory and ENT Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - I Alobid
- Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School-University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and ENT Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Baroody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and the Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Cervin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Constantinidis
- 1st Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L De Gabory
- Rhinology and Plastic Surgery Unit, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatric ENT Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Hospital Pellegrin, Centre F-X Michelet, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Desrosiers
- Department of ORL-HNS, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Z Diamant
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University in Lund, Sweden.,Research Director Respiratory and Allergy, at QPS-Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands.,Affiliate to Charles University, Dept of Respiratory Diseases, in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R G Douglas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P H Gevaert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Hafner
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R J Harvey
- Rhinology and Skull Base Department, Applied Medical Research Centre, UNSW (Conjoint) and Macquarie University (Clinical), Sydney, Australia
| | - G F Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Kalogjera
- ENT Department, Zagreb School of Medicine.,University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Knill
- Patient representative, Opuscomms, London, UK
| | - J H Kocks
- Department of Inhalation Medicine, Observational Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore
| | - B N Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Limpens
- Medical Information Specialist, Medical Library, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - O Lourenco
- FCS - UBI Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - C Meco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P M Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - C M Philpott
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,ENT Department, James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth, UK
| | - D Ryan
- Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Optimum Patient Care, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - R Schlosser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - B Senior
- UNC Otorhinolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Allergy, and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery and Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T L Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Teeling
- Patient representative, Task Force Healthcare, WTC Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - P V Tomazic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Y Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Wang
- Rhinology Division, ENT Department.,Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A M Agius
- Department of Medicine and Surgery in the University of Malta
| | | | - R Alabri
- ENT Division, Surgery Department, College of Medicine and Health and Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Albu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - A Aleksic
- ENT Department, University Clinical Centre, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Aloulah
- ENT Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Qudah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - S Alsaleh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Baban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimayniha, Iraq
| | - T Baudoin
- Dept. of ORL-HNS Sisters of Mercy University Medical Center, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Balvers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
| | - P Battaglia
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - J D Bedoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - A Beule
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinic of Munster, Germany
| | - K M Bofares
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Omar Al-Moukhtar University, Albyeda, Libya
| | - I Braverman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Israel
| | - E Brozek-Madry
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Richard
- Department of ENT, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C Callejas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pontificia Catholic University, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Carrie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - L Caulley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa,Toronto, Canada
| | - D Chussi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - E de Corso
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology , La Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - A Coste
- ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Universite Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), France
| | - U El Hadi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Elfarouk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - P H Eloy
- Department of ENT, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - S Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center.,The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - G Felisati
- Department of Head and Neck, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
| | - R Fishchuk
- Department of ENT- Organs Microsurgery, Central city clinical hospital of lvano-Frankivsk city council, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - W Grayson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, USA
| | - P M Goncalves
- ENT Department, Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - B Grdinic
- ENT Department, General Hospital, Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - V Grgic
- ENT Department, Zagreb School of Medicine.,University Hospital center 'Sestre milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A W Hamizan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malasyia
| | - J V Heinichen
- Department of ENT of Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - S Husain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T I Ping
- Department ORLHNS, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - J Ivaska
- Clinic of Ear, Nose, Throat and Eye diseases, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - F Jakimovska
- ENT Department of Medical Faculty, St Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - L Jovancevic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - E Kakande
- Department of ENT Surgery, Mulago National Referral Hospital Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Kamel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - S Karpischenko
- ENT Department, Director of Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat , Nose and Speech.,Professor and Chairman of First Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - H H Kariyawasam
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT Hospital, London, England
| | - H Kawauchi
- 96. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - A Kjeldsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Klimek
- Center of Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany
| | - A Krzeski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Kopacheva Barsova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University If Medicine, st. Ciril and Methodius, Skopje
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D Lal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - J J Letort
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pontifica Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - A Lopatin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Policlinic No.1- Senior ENT Consultant and Surgeon.,President of Russian Rhinologic Society, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A Mesbahi
- Department of Facial Surgery, Khodadoust Hospital, Ordibehesht Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - J Netkovski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - D Nyenbue Tshipukane
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - A Obando-Valverde
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Surgery, Hospital Mexico, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - M Okano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita , Japan
| | - M Onerci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y K Ong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - R Orlandi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - N Otori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology at The Jikei University School of Medicine,Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ouennoughy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saad Dahleb Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - M Ozkan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Turkey
| | - A Peric
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Plzak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Prokopakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - N Prepageran
- Department of ENT, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Psaltis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - B Pugin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Raftopulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Royal Australian College of Surgeons, Trainee Representative (Australia)
| | - P Rombaux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ulm, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - S Sahtout
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - C-C Sarafoleanu
- ENT and H NS Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K Searyoh
- Surgery Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - C-S Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Shi
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Shkoukani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A K Shukuryan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M Sicak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Military Hospital, Slovakia, Slovak Health University Bratislava and Catholic University, Ruzom berok, Slovakia
| | - D Smyth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Cork, Waterford, Ireland
| | - K Sindvongs
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Soklic Kosak
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Stjarne
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Sutikno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - S Steinsvag
- Department of ORL, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - P Tantilipikorn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Thanaviratananich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - T Tran
- Department of ENT Hospital of Ho Chi Minh city, Faculty of medicine of Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam National University, Vietnam
| | - J Urbancic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and cervicofacial surgery, UMC Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Valiulius
- Department of Children's diseases, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - C Vasquez de Aparicio
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Hospital Benjamin Bloom, National University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - D Vicheva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - P M Virkkula
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Vicente
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Luke's Medical Centre, Quezon City, The Philippines
| | - R Voegels
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Sao Paulo, Sau Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Wagenmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dusseldorf University Hospital, Dusseldorf, German
| | - R S Wardani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - A Welge-Lussen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Witterick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa,Toronto, Canada
| | - E Wright
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Zabolotniy
- State Institution of O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Othorhnilarungology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - B Zsolt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - C P Zwetsloot
- Department of Neurology, Dijklander Ziekenhuis, Purmerend, The Netherlandsn
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47
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Ahn J, Han S, Ahn SM, Kim SW, Oh J. Clinical Implications of Suspended Scattering Particles in Motion Observed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15. [PMID: 31913306 PMCID: PMC6949280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between suspended scattering particles in motion (SSPiM) in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and treatment response in diabetic macular edema (DME). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with DME who had undergone intravitreal injection. The optical density ratio (ODR) of the intraretinal cyst and the numbers of hyperreflective foci from OCT images and SSPiM from OCTA images were compared, and their association with treatment response was analyzed. Forty-five eyes from 45 patients were included in this study. Twenty-four patients were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, and 21 patients were treated with a steroid. Binary logistic regression model showed that SSPiM in OCTA images was associated with hyperreflective foci numbers (P = 0.038) and mean ODR of the intraretinal cyst (P = 0.006). Linear regression model showed that SSPiM in the inner nuclear layer was related to treatment response (P = 0.006). SSPiM on OCTA images is related to the poor structural response to treatment in DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - So Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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48
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Bloomer S, Cheng YC, Yakout HM, Kim SW. 367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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49
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Duarte ME, Tyus J, Kim SW. 137 Effects of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the supplemental effects of xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs. One hundred and forty-four pigs at 3 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) at 6.47 ± 0.03 kg were allotted (4 pigs per pen) to 3 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex (gilts and barrow) and initial BW as blocks. The treatments were CON (no supplement), XYL (xylanase at 10,000 XU/kg, Xylamax, BRI, Durham, NC), and PRO (Bacillus spp. 6 x 109 CFU/kg plus xylanase 10,000 XU/kg, EnzaPro, BRI). All diets met the NRC (2012) requirements in 3 phases (P1 for 7 d, P2 for 14 d, and P3 for 14 d). The ADG, ADFI, and G/F were measured weekly. On d 21, 1 pig representing a median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect jejunal samples to measure the immune and oxidative stress status, microbiome, and histology. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Treatment was a fixed effect and blocks were random effects. There were no fixed effects among treatments on growth performance, immune and oxidative stress status, and histology. Use of xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the Chao1 index in jejunal mucosa of pigs (24.6 to 29.5). Relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae in jejunal mucosa tended to decrease (P = 0.083) with the use of xylanase (16.2 to 1.6%). The PRO increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Mitsuokella compared with others treatments (0.9 vs. 4.8%). In conclusion, supplementation of xylanase or Mitsuokella can enhance the microbiome in jejunal mucosa by increasing the diversity and beneficial bacterial abundance, whereas by reducing pathogenic bacterial abundance without affecting the growth performance, histology, immune, and oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Tyus
- BioResource International, Inc
| | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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50
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Jang K, Purvis JM, Kim SW. 365 Effects of weaning ages on growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets with increasing lactose levels during at 7 to 11 kg body weight. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lactose is an effective carbohydrate source for nursery pigs. Weaning age could influence needs for lactose. Weaning ages can vary among producers depending on preferred management programs. This study aimed to evaluate optimum levels of lactose for pigs at 7 kg BW weaned at different ages. A total of 1,632 pigs were weaned at d21 (d 21.2 ± 1.3) or d25 (d 24.6 ± 1.1). Pigs had a common diet until they reach 7 kg BW. Within a same weaning age group, when pigs reached 7 kg body weight, they were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 6, 9, 12, and 15% lactose. Feed intake and BW were measured after 10d feeding when pigs reached 11 kg BW. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS for a slope ratio analysis to test effects of lactose levels on growth performance of pigs influenced by their weaning ages. Pigs weaned at d21 had Phase 1 for 11 days whereas pigs weaned at d 25 had Phase 1 for 2 days to reach 7 kg BW. According to the slope ratio analysis, as increasing lactose intake, ADG of pigs weaned at d21 responded greater (P < 0.05, 68.5%) than growth of pigs weaned at d25. There was no change of slope in feed intake of pigs weaned at d 25 by increasing lactose intake. However, G:F of pigs weaned at d 25 responded greater (P < 0.05, 250%) than G:F of pigs weaned at d21. In conclusion, pigs weaned at d21 grew faster from 7 to 11 kg BW as lactose intake increased compared with pigs weaned at d25 potentially because pigs weaned at d21 had an extended time for adaptation and recovery from weaning stress until they reached 7 kg BW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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